How to Draw Transformers with Different Yd or Dy Vector Groups

How to Draw an Yd Transformer: (Example Yd7)

1. Draw the vector diagram of the voltages: 2. Draw the Y-side and the windings of the d-side:

VC1

VA2 VB2

VA1

Vector Group 7 * -30° = -210°

VB1
VC2

3. Use the vector diagram to find out how to 4. Draw the connection of phase A of the d-side
calculate the voltage of phase A of side 2: according to the previous vector diagram:
The voltage at the clamps is constructed from the voltages of the
VC1 windings of the d-side
VA2 = VC1-VA1
VA2 +VA1 -VA1 -VA1 +VA1 VA2
VA1

-210°
+VB1 -VB1 -VB1 +VB1 VB2

+VC1 -VC1 -VC1 +VC1 VC2

5. Use the vector diagram to find out how to 6. Draw the connection of phase B of the d-side
calculate the voltage of phase B of side 2: according to the previous vector diagram:

+VA1 -VA1 -VA1 +VA1 VA2

VA1
+VB1 -VB1 -VB1 +VB1 VB2
VB2 = VA1-VB1
30°
VB1 +VC1 -VC1 -VC1 +VC1 VC2

7. Use the vector diagram to find out how to 8. Draw the connection of phase C of the d-side
calculate the voltage of phase C of side 2: according to the previous vector diagram:

VC1 +VA1 -VA1 -VA1 +VA1 VA2

-90°

+VB1 -VB1 -VB1 +VB1 VB2

VB1 VC2 +VC1 -VC1 -VC1 +VC1 VC2

How to Draw the Fault Currents at an Yd Transformer: (Example: Single Phase Fault on Side 2, Ph B)

9. Place the fault at one side of the transformer: 10. Draw the currents in the windings of the faulty
side of the transformer

11. Draw the currents in the windings of the non- 12. Draw the currents at the clamps of the non-faulty
faulty side of the transformer side of the transformer
 Yd Transformers with Single Phase Faults

Single Phase Fault Side 2 Single Phase Fault Side 1

VC2
Yd1 VC1

VA1

VB2
-30°
VA2
VB1

Yd3 VC1

VB2 VC2

VA1

-90°

VB1
VA2

VB2
Yd5 VC1

VA1

VA2 VC2

VB1 -150°

Yd7 VC1
VB2
VA2

VA1
-210°

VB1
VC2

VA2
Yd9 VC1

VA1

VC2 VB2
-270°
VB1

Yd11 VC1
VA2
VC2

VA1
-330°

VB1
VB2
How to Draw a Dy Transformer: (Example Dy9)
2. Draw the D-side and the windings of the y-side and
1. Draw the vector diagram of the voltages:
the voltages at the windings of side 1:
VA2 The voltage at the windings consits of the clamp voltages on both sides
VC1
of the winding.

VA1 VA1-VB1

VC2 VB2
VB1 Vector Group 9 * -30° = -270° VB1-VC1

VC1-VA1
3. Draw the voltages of side 2:
The voltage at the windings of side 1 is transmitted directly to side 2.
The + and – show the polarity of the voltage on side 2. 4. Use the vector diagram to find out how to
calculate the voltage of phase A of side 2:

VA1-VB1 - VA1-VB1 + VC1 VA2

VB1-VC1 - VB1-VC1 + VA2 = VC1-VB1

VB1
VC1-VA1 - VC1-VA1 + -270°

5. Draw the connection of phase A of the y-side 6. Use the vector diagram to find out how to
according to the previous vector diagram: calculate the voltage of phase B of side 2:
In this example it needs to be connected to the – side of the second
winding. -(VB1-VC1) = VC1-VB1
-30°
VC1
VB2 = VA1-VC1
VA1-VB1 - VA1-VB1 + VA1

VB2
VB1-VC1 - VB1-VC1 +

VC1-VA1 - VC1-VA1 +

7. Draw the connection of phase B of the y-side 8. Use the vector diagram to find out how to
according to the previous vector diagram: calculate the voltage of phase C of side 2:

VA1-VB1 - VA1-VB1 +

VA1
VB1-VC1 - VB1-VC1 +
-30°
VC2
VC2 = VA1-VC1
VC1-VA1 - VC1-VA1 + VB1

9. Draw the connection of phase C of the y-side 10. Draw the starpoint (and if necessary the ground)
according to the previous vector diagram: of the y-side:

VA1-VB1 - VA1-VB1 + VA1-VB1 - VA1-VB1 +

VB1-VC1 - VB1-VC1 + VB1-VC1 - VB1-VC1 +

VC1-VA1 - VC1-VA1 + VC1-VA1 - VC1-VA1 +

The Fault Currents are Drawn Similar to the Yd Transformer: (Example: Single Phase Fault on Side 2, Ph B)
Dy Transformers with Single Phase Faults

Single Phase Fault Side 2 Single Phase Fault Side 1

VC2
Dy1 VC1

VA1

VB2
-30°
VA2
VB1

Dy3 VC1

VB2 VC2

VA1

-90°

VB1
VA2

VB2
Dy5 VC1

VA1

VA2 VC2

VB1 -150°

Dy7 VC1
VB2
VA2

VA1
-210°

VB1
VC2

VA2
Dy9 VC1

VA1

VC2 VB2
-270°
VB1

Dy11 VC1
VA2
VC2

VA1
-330°

VB1
VB2