Learn why people trust wikiHow

How to Play a Tuba

Tuba is an important and often under-appreciated instrument. You don't get to play the
Explore this Article
exciting parts in concert band, you get to wear yourself out moving it around, and tuba
players can be the butt of band jokes. But the tuba is essential to the sound of the Getting the Right Equipment
Holding the Tuba
symphony, providing the support and structure for the entire band. Without a well-
Developing Your Breath-Support and
played bassline, the whole piece will fall apart. If you've got strong arms and big lungs, Embouchure
it's a great instrument. Show 1 more...
Related Articles
References

Part
Getting the Right Equipment
1

1 Make sure the tuba fits your body. Tubas are quite expensive when new, but it shouldn't be too hard to
find a used tuba for under 2000 dollars, or even lower. If you’re joining a school band, you can usually rent
tubas directly. Most concert tubas are available in a few different pitches, which may be more appropriate for the
style of music you plan on playing. You can get tubas pitched in BBb, CC, Eb, and F.
Eb tuba is used for brass bands (almost exclusively) and some soloing
F tuba is used for passages requiring higher notes and solo works. It is also seen in small ensemble
settings (brass quintet, brass quartet, etc)
BBb and CC tubas are intended for large ensemble playing (band, orchestra, etc.) BBb tubas are more
common at the high school, college, and amateur level as sousaphones are pitched in BBb, but
professional orchestra players in the U.S. use CC tubas. In Europe it can vary from country to country.

2 Use a mouthpiece of the correct size. Mouthpieces come in different sizes, so be sure to get one that is
best suited for you and your size. Generally made of fiberglass or composite metal, a good mouthpiece is
essential to a properly tuned and played instrument.
If you buy a used tuba, or rent one, make sure you get your own new mouthpiece. A good quality
mouthpiece is important to develop the proper buzzing technique and breath support.
A fiberglass mouthpiece is sometimes used as an alternative because temperature doesn't effect its
intonation as much as a metal mouthpiece. Fiberglass mouthpieces may work and are more inexpensive
but you lose some quality sound and overtones.

3 Find an appropriate chair. Tubas are not generally played standing up, unless you're playing a
sousaphone, which is designed for use in a marching band. In order to practice, you'll need a good chair, in
which you can maintain proper posture and balance to build the skills that will keep your notes pure.
Get a basic hard-backed chair without any arm wrests, or a stool that you can sit on comfortably. Avoid
practicing on the couch, in a recliner, or in otherwise less-than-upright conditions. You can't get the
breath-support necessary to play correctly, and you'll build poor habits into your practice routine.

4 Get a method book. No point in learning the mechanics of the tuba if you can't read the music or apply
what you've learned. While it's difficult to learn to play any instrument properly from a book, it's a great way
 to get the basics down and figure out how to start playing music on the tuba, as well as how to hold and play it
properly.
If you're trying to use a computer to aid you, having a projector connected to it is probably the only way
it wouldn't be an inconvenience. It's good to get started online, but finding a professional method book is
the best way to learn an instrument. Wait to troubleshoot technique issues online after you've got the
fundamentals down.

Part
Holding the Tuba
2

1 Sit on the edge of your seat and be relaxed. Your back should be straight, and your head should be
lifted comfortably so that you're looking straight ahead at the conductor, if there is one, or straight ahead if
you're playing alone. Your back should not be touching the back of the chair, your feet flat on the floor.[1]

2 Rest the tuba on your lap. Depending on your height, it may be appropriate to rest the tuba on the chair
between your legs or rest it on your lap, gently on the top of your thighs. If it's a full-size tuba, you may
want to get a stand to set it on.
It's important to position the tuba in such a way that you will not have to bend yourself to reach the
mouthpiece. Bring the horn to you, don't bend to the horn. When you try to fill the horn with air, you'll
notice a big difference.

3 Use the correct hand positioning. On a right-handed tuba, you'll lean the tuba slightly to the left, using
your left hand to support the lean. Place your right hand on the valves, either on the broad part of the pad
on a rotary tuba, or with your fingertips on the center of the valves on a valve tuba.
Most tubas have a small ring to put your thumb through. This forces your hand to stay in place and
helps give a bit of support from your right hand. Find the ring, if your tuba has one, and position your
hand accordingly.
On a lefty tuba, you'll be resting the tuba practically on your left leg which is why stands are very
important for lefty players. Your right hand has to reach for the valves, but it will also be providing a lot of
support. The left hand will keep things balanced.
Although it may be tempting, do not curl your right thumb. That causes your fingers to be under your
valves with only the tips on top. Hold your fingers upwards on top of the valves so that they go straight
up and straight down when pressed.

4 Relax your shoulders. Let your lap support the tuba, not your arms. Try to relax your shoulders and let
your arms hold the tuba loosely. Treat it like your date, not like your wrestling partner. The more
comfortably you can move around the horn, the better you'll be able to play.

Part
Developing Your Breath-Support and Embouchure
3

1 Breathe from your diaphragm. Remember, this is a big instrument, so your air needs to be big and fast to
get the sound out out of the horn. Breath deep down into your diaphragm, not up high in your throat. That
air has a long way to go, so start it out from a place of power.
Unless you're playing a Sousaphone in a marching band, the goal is not to blow all of your air reserves
through the horn at once, but to keep your diaphragm taunt. If someone were to punch you in the
stomach, you should stay tight and not collapse. Tense your abdominal muscles while you play and
while you blow.[2]

2 Buzz your lips. While blowing, close your lips to the point that it vibrates in the mouthpiece. Keep blowing
and vibrating your lips so that sound gets out of the tuba. As tuba is a large brass, try blowing a raspberry
into the mouthpiece. That's the kind of vibration you are looking at. Once you've got your buzz figured out, start
your note by saying either "ta" or "da" into the mouthpiece, depending on how you want to articulate the note.
 A properly maintained "embouchure" is critical to playing brass instruments. It's difficult to buzz your lips
properly when you're first learning how to play.
Don't puff out your cheeks. It's a waste of air that should be going into your horn, it looks silly, and you'll
end up with very sore cheeks after only a brief period of playing.

3 Practice changing notes without pressing the valves. At any given position or configuration of keys
pressed and open, you can play a number of notes, usually three. Some beginners have difficulty hitting a
note right the first time, but don't worry too much while you're just getting started. Practice feeling where the
different registers are.
Pinch your cheeks and your lips as you blow to control the amount of air that comes through your
"buzz." You can raise or lower the pitch of the note in the same position, accordingly.
Try associating how the note will sound, where the note is on the staff, what it feels like to play the note,
and the fingering for it. Many beginners only associate the note on the staff and the fingering for it, so
they become confused when playing notes with the same fingering but different mouth positions.

4 Press the valves properly. Once you've started to get a feel for the register of the tuba, start
experimenting with fingerings. Press the keys and practice doing so in time with the notes that you play.
Whether you're studying along with a book or receiving lessons, start practicing fingering the keys fully and
playing clear notes with the valves pressed.
Most guide books should come with finger charts, which correspond the fingerings to the specific notes
on the scale that you want to play. This is an excellent way to learn to play.
Push the valve in the center, not on the rim. Pushing it on the rim can make the valve stuck.

Part
Developing Your Sound
4

1 Practice scales. Start learning your fingerings and playing scales to develop the fundamentals to start
playing music.[3] Scales might not be the most exciting thing to learn when you're first getting started, but
before you know it you'll be able to hit all the right ones to play the "Imperial March" from Star Wars (the
"Stairway to Heaven" of the tuba) and take off from there.

2 Practice your timing. The tuba is both a rhythmic and a melodic instrument, providing the big, sturdy,
bottom line of the band. To be the best tuba player you can be, it's important to practice playing
rhythmically, so you play not only the right notes, but the right notes at the right time. Great tuba players are as
rhythmically precise as a drummer and as melodically clear as a trumpet player.
Practice with a metronome. Even when you're playing scales, play them in time. When you're playing
your practice songs, play them in time. Learn to internalize that sense of time by tapping your feet and
paying close attention to your rhythmic motion.
Practice your counting. Sometimes, tuba notes will be spaced out very far, meaning that you'll mostly be
counting empty measures on some songs. Develop a good method for counting rests to make sure
you're always on time for your big notes.

3 Join the school band or a community orchestra. Tuba is a much better instrument when you play it with
others. Sometimes, the sheet music for a song on tuba involves only a few notes (the bass line), which you
can learn quickly and get bored with just as fast. But when you add the trumpets and the trombones, the flutes
and the clarinets, those few notes become so much more. You're making music.
Consider taking private lessons as well. Like most instruments, learning a tuba properly usually requires
in-person instruction. Whether you receive that in school band or in private lessons, getting one-on-one
instruction is a good way of keeping you from building bad habits and moving forward with your playing.
Explore good instructors available in your area and sign up.

4 Learn double and triple tonguing. These slightly more advanced techniques are useful for playing fast
passages, when you're called for. While this isn't something that you need to start learning when you're first
 getting to know your way around the tuba, developing the clarity, tone, and speed of your notes can be helped
with learning to tongue quickly.
When double tonguing, think either ta-ka-ta-ka or da-ga-da-ga. Try saying it first, and when you try
double tonguing, think as if your tongue is moving in one of the two ways described above.
Triple tonguing has four approaches: Ta-ta-ka, ta-ka-ta, da-da-ga, or da-ga-da. Try all, and choose the
one that works best on you and stick with it.

5 Care for your tuba properly. A tuba isn't as delicate as say, a violin, but it is still quite prone to denting
and scratching. Always transport your instrument in a case and learn to maintain your tuba to get the best
possible sound.
Empty the water that is in your tuba frequently by pushing the water key and blowing air into the
instrument without vibrating your lips.
Check individual valves by pressing down each one in turn and blowing; if there's any water in the
tubing, it should sound and feel obvious. You may need to remove the tubing or rotate the tuba to clear
everything.
Find somewhere for tuba repairs. Professional instrument repairmen might charge you a pretty penny for
fixing things, but they know what they're doing and it's better than ruining a giant investment by messing
with something you don't understand.

Community Q&A

Question

What can I do if I can't reach the mouthpiece even when the tuba is on a chair?

Community Answer

Get a tuba stand. They're rather inexpensive, and easily adjustable. My high school has some for shorter players,
and they are really nice if used correctly.

Question

What is the description of the sounds a tuba makes?

Community Answer

Low but rich. It has a warm quality in the tone.

Question

I can't seem to get the pitch on my tuba low enough. What do I do?

Community Answer

Practice playing down the scales a note at a time. Pay attention to how you drop your jaw for low register.

Question

How can I play louder on my tuba?

Community Answer
 Play with more force. It feels similar to singing loudly verses softly: just have more air behind it.

Question

How does one do vibrato on the tuba?

Community Answer

Move your lips up and down in the desired vibrato pattern. This will cause patterns in the sound to emulate vibrato.

Question

The thing that holds my mouthpiece doesn't reach my mouth so I have to turn my tuba around. Is that okay?

Community Answer

Sure, as long as you can play it that way. If a part of your tuba is bent so it won't reach, I'd recommend getting it
fixed, though.

Question

What is special about how a tuba is played?

Gabe
Community Answer

The tuba takes the most air of all the concert instruments, other than piccolo. The buzzing style is slightly different
because of the size of the mouthpiece. On the tuba, breath support is extremely important for hitting low notes.

Tips

Empty your pockets before playing, it is very uncomfortable to be playing and have your keys stabbing you in the
leg.
Tubas (and other musical instruments) devalue very slowly, so you will usually be able to sell a used tuba for
almost what you paid for it. The average resale price for a professional orchestral tuba is around $5000.
Swear by rotary valves. If you can, test a few and figure out what suits you.
If you play trombone or baritone, you need to practice pedal tones. If you play these and want to change to tuba,
then you'll be able to transition much easier.
If you want to play tuba in a marching band, play the sousaphone instead. The sousaphone is easier to carry as it
wraps around you. Some sousaphones have fiberglass bells, which further reduce the weight, but the tone is
affected some. A concert tuba can make your arms sore, and you can drop the tuba while marching, quite possibly
denting it at least. If you want to march with the concert tuba, find a special carrying case to put the tuba in.
Warnings

If you're playing a full-size tuba, be sure to set it on a stand between your legs while playing it. Full-size tubas are
very heavy and if you set it on your lap, you risk cutting off your blood circulation to your legs.
Always transport your tuba in a case, if you have one. If not, buy one.
Always depress your rotors/valves when pulling a slide, the suction can bend your valve casing, which is not a
cheap repair.
Never drop your mouthpiece on the floor. You risk to break it easily.
Tubas can have rotary or piston valves. There are different valve oils for each kind. Be sure to use the correct kind
for your tuba, as rotary valves are much different than piston, and the wrong oil can damage the valve system.

Things You'll Need

Tuba

Mouthpiece

Case, a heavy one builds extra muscles!

Optional: a cloth to wipe out the spit valve

References

1. http://www.norlanbewley.com/tuba-tips/posture.htm
2. http://www.norlanbewley.com/tuba-tips/breathing.htm
3. http://www.norlanbewley.com/tuba.htm