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161EE54 Question Bank

The document contains 5 units related to electrical engineering topics: 1. Introduction to protection and switchgear, including functions of protective relays and requirements. 2. Apparatus protection, including current transformers, potential transformers, and generator protection methods. 3. Numerical relays, including components, advantages over other relays, and measuring resistance/reactance. 4. Theory of circuit interruption, including factors affecting recovery voltage and methods of arc interruption. 5. Circuit breakers, including duties under short circuit, design problems for HVDC breakers, and routine tests.

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319 views5 pages

161EE54 Question Bank

The document contains 5 units related to electrical engineering topics: 1. Introduction to protection and switchgear, including functions of protective relays and requirements. 2. Apparatus protection, including current transformers, potential transformers, and generator protection methods. 3. Numerical relays, including components, advantages over other relays, and measuring resistance/reactance. 4. Theory of circuit interruption, including factors affecting recovery voltage and methods of arc interruption. 5. Circuit breakers, including duties under short circuit, design problems for HVDC breakers, and routine tests.

Uploaded by

Rajesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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B.E.

DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER 2016


FIFTH SEMESTER
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICAS ENGINEERING
161EE54– PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR
(Regulations 2016)
UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION

PART – A (2 marks)

1. State any four functions of protective relay.


2. Give the consequences of short circuit.
3. Define selectivity of protective relay.
4. What is the need for protection zones?
5. List the basic requirements of protective relay.
6. What is the purpose of plug settings?
7. How will you calculate plug setting multiplier?
8. What are the advantages of static relays over electromagnetic relays?
9. Mention the differences between circulating current differential protection and balanced voltage
differential protection.
10. What is biased differential beam relay?
11. Why under frequency relay is required in a power system?
12. What are the features of differential relay?
13. Write any four applications of electromagnetic relay.

PART B (16 marks)

1. (i) What do you understand by a zone of protection? Discuss various zones of protection with neat (8)
diagram.
(ii)Describe the essential qualities of a protective relaying. (8)

2. (i) With a neat block diagram, explain the operating principle of Peterson coil. (10)
(ii)Write a short note on surge diverter. (6)
3. Explain the construction and working operation :
(i) Definite distance type impedance relay.
(ii) Distance time impedance relay.
4. Explain the principle of operation
(i) Circulating current differential protection.
(ii) Balanced voltage differential protection.
5. (i) Describe the construction and working of induction type directional over current relay with neat (10)
diagram.
(ii) Discuss the classification of protective relay. (6)
6. (i) Explain the operation of under frequency relay. (8)
(ii) Explain an impedance relay showing its characteristics on R-X diagram. (8)
7. (i)With a neat diagram, explain the construction and operating principle of electromagnetic relay. (10)
(ii) State the advantages, disadvantages and applications of electromagnetic relays. (6)

UNIT 2 - APPARATUS PROTECTION


PART – A (2 Marks)

1. Why secondary of C.T should not be opened?


2. A 250: 5 current transformer is used along with an ammeter. If ammeter reading is 2.5 A, estimate the
line current.
3. What are the limitations of Buchholz relay?
4. A 11000:110, potential transformer is used along with a voltmeter reading 87.5V. Estimate the value of
the line voltage.
5. Differentiate C.T and P.T.
6. Discuss the problem arising due to failure of prime mover in generator.
7. Why current transformer is used in relay circuit?
8. State the advantages of Merz-price protection method.
9. Why loss of excitation must be avoided in generators?

PART B (16 Marks)

1. (i)Explain with neat diagram, the application of Merz-price circulating current principle for protection
of alternator. (8)
(ii)Describe the balanced earth protection for smaller size generators. (8)
2. (i)Explain a protection scheme for stator and rotor faults of an alternator. (10)
(ii)Why the protection of alternator is complex? (6)
3. (i)Describe the differential pilot wire method of protection of feeders. (10)
(ii)Write short notes on parallel feeders. (6)
4. (i)Describe the construction and working of a Buchholz relay. (10)
(ii)Explain with suitable diagram the principle of working of translay scheme. (6)

5. (i)Explain the protective schemes used for protection of bus bar. (8)
(ii)Explain various methods used for feeder protection. (8)
6. Explain with neat diagram, the application of Merz-price circulating current principle for protection of
three phase transformer with star – delta and delta – delta configuration. (16)
UNIT 3 – NUMERICAL RELAYS

PART – A (2 Marks)

1. What is meant by a numerical relay?


2. State Shannon’s sampling theorem.
3. How will you remove the effect of aliasing?
4. What is the role of signal conditioner in data acquisition system?
5. Why do we need a sample and hold circuit for numerical protection?
6. Name the basic blocks of numerical relay.
7. Specify any four advantages of numerical relay.
8. Point out the I/O ports for microprocessor based over current relay.
9. Specify the I/O ports for microprocessor based impedance relay.
10. How will you isolate analog and digital signal in numerical relay?
11. What is MOV? And briefly explain its operational characteristic.
12. How will you measure the resistance and reactance values for a numerical relay?
13. Why do we need an anti-aliasing filter in numerical relays?

PART B (16 Marks)

1. i) Compare Numerical Relays with Electromagnetic and Static relays.


ii) With neat sketch, explain the importance of sample and hold circuit in a numerical relay.
2. i) Discuss in detail about the basic components of a numerical relay and its functioning.
ii) Write a Short note on Analog input isolation.
3. Develop a numerical impedance relay with the help of block diagram and explain its operation using a
flowchart.
4. With the help of flowchart, explain the working of numerical reactance relay.
5. Discuss in detail about the data acquisition system for numerical relays circuit.
6. With the help of flowchart, explain the working of numerical overcurrent relay.
7. How will measure the resistance & reactance value with the help of microprocessor based numerical
relay?
8. Design a suitable reverse power relay using a programmable peripheral interface and microprocessor.

UNIT 4 - THEORY OF CIRCUIT INTERRUPTION

PART – A (2 Marks)

1. Define circuit breaker.


2. What is meant by restrike?
3. What is meant by arc interruption in circuit breakers?
4. Differentiate AC and DC circuit breaking.
5. What are the various factors that affect transient recovery voltage?
6. Define RRRV.
7. What is meant by current chopping with respect to circuit breaking?
8. Distinguish between recovery voltage and restriking voltage.
9. List out the various methods of arc interruption.
10. Write the effects of arc resistance.
11. What are the demerits of resistance switching?

PART B (16 Marks)

1. (i)Explain the principle of D.C. circuit breaking. (10)


(ii)Distinguish between recovery voltage and restriking voltage. (6)
2. Derive the expression for restriking and rate of rise of recovery voltage.
3. (i)Discuss the phenomenon of current chopping. (6)
(ii)How resistance switching method is working to prevent the problems of current interruption. (10)
4. (i)Discuss the arc phenomenon in a circuit breaker. (10)
(ii)How is arc initiated and sustained, when circuit breaker contacts break? (6)
5. (i)Explain the various factors that affect the transient recovery voltage. (10)
(ii)Define the following terms. (6)
(i)Relay operating time
(ii)Circuit breaker operating time
(iii)Lockout circuit breaker.

UNIT 5 - CIRCUIT BREAKERS

PART – A (2 Marks)

1. Mention the three major duties to be performed by a circuit breaker under short circuit.
2. Differentiate between symmetrical and asymmetrical breaking current.
3. State the arcing in SF6 medium.
4. What are the main design problems in HVDC circuit breakers?
5. Write any two merits of vacuum circuit breakers.
6. List the routine tests conducted on CB.
7. What are the types of circuit breakers?
8. How does CB differ from switch?
9. Mention the basic requirements of CB.
10. What is dielectric test of circuit breaker?
11. Give the difference between isolator and circuit breaker.
12. Define the operating time of circuit breaker.

PART B (16 Marks)

1. With neat figure, explain the construction and working of a minimum oil circuit breaker. What are its
advantages and disadvantages?

2. Explain briefly the following types of air blast circuit breaker:


(i) Axial-blast circuit breaker
(ii) Cross blast circuit breaker
3. With neat figure, explain the construction and working of SF6 circuit breaker. What are advantages and
disadvantages of SF6 breaker?
4. Compare the performance and characteristics of different types of circuit breakers. List out their merits and
demerits.

5. (i) Explain construction and working of vacuum circuit breaker. (10)


(ii) Mention the classification of circuit breaker based on various factors. (6)
6. What is direct test and synthetic test? Explain in detail both the testing.

7. With neat figure, explain the construction and working of an air break circuit breaker. What are its
advantages and disadvantages?

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