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Mass Transfer Operations 1

1. Larson measured the diffusivity of chloroform in air using an Arnold cell. Given the liquid density and vapor pressure of chloroform, as well as the change in liquid surface height over time, calculate the gas diffusion coefficient of chloroform in air. 2. Given the composition of a gas mixture, total pressure, temperature, and the change in oxygen concentration across a film of the mixture, calculate the rate of diffusion of oxygen through the film. 3. Given the composition, pressure, temperature, and diffusivities of species in a reaction between ammonia and a catalyst, calculate the local rate of cracking of ammonia at the catalyst surface assuming diffusion control and zero ammonia concentration

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172 views2 pages

Mass Transfer Operations 1

1. Larson measured the diffusivity of chloroform in air using an Arnold cell. Given the liquid density and vapor pressure of chloroform, as well as the change in liquid surface height over time, calculate the gas diffusion coefficient of chloroform in air. 2. Given the composition of a gas mixture, total pressure, temperature, and the change in oxygen concentration across a film of the mixture, calculate the rate of diffusion of oxygen through the film. 3. Given the composition, pressure, temperature, and diffusivities of species in a reaction between ammonia and a catalyst, calculate the local rate of cracking of ammonia at the catalyst surface assuming diffusion control and zero ammonia concentration

Uploaded by

Uday Kiran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mass Transfer Operations 1

Assignment - 1
1 Larson using an Arnold cell measured the diffusivity of chloroform in air at 250C and
760 mmHg. The liquid density of chloroform at 250C is 1485 kg/m3 and its vapor
pressure at 250C is 200mmHg.At time t=0, the liquid chloroform surface was 74 cm
from top of the tube and after 10 hours the liquid surface had dropped by 0.44cm .If
the concentration of chloroform is zero at the top of the tube, what would be the gas
diffusion coefficient of chloroform in air.

2 A gas mixture containing one fifth hydrogen and four fifth methane by volume is
prepared through which oxygen is allowed to diffuse. The total pressure is
1×105N/m2 and temperature is 200C. Estimate the rate of diffusion of oxygen through
a film of gas mixture 3 mm thick.when the concentration change across the film is 12
to 7 % by volume. The following diffusivity data are available at 00C.
i. DO2-H2= 7.1×10-5 m2 /sec DO2-CH4= 1.88×10-5 m2 /sec.

3 Ammonia is being cracked on a solid catalyst according to the reaction 2NH3 → N2 +


3 H2. At one place in the apparatus, where the pressure is 1 std atm abs and the
temperature 2000C. The analysis of the bulk gas is 33.33% NH3 (A), 16.67 % N2 (B)
50% H2 (C) by volume. The circumstances are such that NH3 diffuses from the bulk
gas stream to the catalyst surface and the products of the reaction diffuse back, as if
by molecular diffusion through a gas film in a laminar flow 1 mm thick .estimate the
local rate of cracking in kg of NH3 per sq.m catalyst surface .sec. which might be
considered to occur if the reaction diffusion controlled with the concentration of NH3
at the catalyst surface equal to zero:

i. Diffusivity of NH3 in N2 at 298 K = 2.30×10-5 m2 /sec

ii. Diffusivity of NH3 in H2 at 473 K = 18.6×10-5 m2 /sec.


4
The solute HCl is diffusing through a thin film of water 2 mm thick at 283 K .the
concentration of HCl at point 1 at one boundary of the film is 12 wt % HCl (
density = 1060.7 kg/m3 ) and at the other boundary at point 2 it is 6 wt % HCl (
density = 1030.3 kg/m3). The diffusion coefficient of the HCl in water is 2.5×10-9 m2
/sec. Assuming steady state and one boundary impermeable to water, calculate the
flux of HCl in kg mol/s.m2

5 Consider two cases of diffusion of A through a gaseous mixture of A and B: (i) B is


non-diffusing; (ii) B undergoes equimolar counter diffusion. All the parameters ( P, T,
DAB, L etc) as well as the thermal partial pressures of A are the same in both the
cases. In which case is the flux of A larger? Can do give a qualitative explanation?

6
In a laboratory is 3×10-4 m3 of toluene was accidentally spilled over and has been
quickly spread over an area of 0.85 m2. If the diffusion is tacking place through a
stagnant air of 1 mm thick, calculate the time required for the toluene to be evaporate
completely at 298 K and 1.013×105 N/m2 . for toluene ,at prevailing conditions,
density = 866 kg/m3 ,diffusivity in air = 8.4×10-6 m2 /sec and vapor pressure =
3.99966×103 N/m2
7 The solute a diffuse through the liquid B from point 1 to 2, distance l apart. The
concentrations of the solute at the two points are CA1and CA2 respectively. Determine
the diffusional flux if the diffusivity of A in B depends upon its concentration in the
form DAB=K1+K2CA. Consider both the cases of diffusion of (a) A through non-
diffusing B and (b) equimolar counter diffusion of A and B.
8 Explain briefly Thermal diffusion, Sweep diffusion, atmolysis and centrifugation with
suitable examples
9 What are various separation techniques that can be used for N2-O2 Separation and
explain briefly
10 How are the mass transfer operations different from mechanical unit operations?
Explain giving examples.

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