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C If Statement

The document discusses C if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides the syntax and explains how each works through examples. The if statement executes code if a test expression is true. The if...else statement executes one code block if the test is true and another if it is false. Nested if statements allow multiple tests to be checked within one another. Examples demonstrate using the statements to check number equality, odd/even, and relational operators between integers.

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48 views6 pages

C If Statement

The document discusses C if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides the syntax and explains how each works through examples. The if statement executes code if a test expression is true. The if...else statement executes one code block if the test is true and another if it is false. Nested if statements allow multiple tests to be checked within one another. Examples demonstrate using the statements to check number equality, odd/even, and relational operators between integers.

Uploaded by

Muhammad hamza
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C if...

else Statement
In this tutorial, you will learn about if statement (including if...else and nested
if..else) in C programming with the help of examples.

C if Statement
The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:
1. if (test expression)
2. {
3. // statements to be executed if the test expression is true
4. }

How if statement works?


The if statement evaluates the test expression inside the parenthesis ().
 If the test expression is evaluated to true, statements inside the body of if are
executed.
 If the test expression is evaluated to false, statements inside the body of if are not
executed.

To learn more about when test expression is evaluated to true (non-zero value) and
false (0), check relational and logical operators.

Example 1: if statement
1. // Program to display a number if it is negative
2.
3. #include <stdio.h>
4. int main()
5. {
6. int number;
7.
8. printf("Enter an integer: ");
9. scanf("%d", &number);
10.
11. // true if number is less than 0
12. if (number < 0)
13. {
14. printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
15. }
16.
17. printf("The if statement is easy.");
18.
19. return 0;
20. }
Output 1
Enter an integer: -2
You entered -2.
The if statement is easy.

When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to true. Hence, You
entered -2 is displayed on the screen.
Output 2
Enter an integer: 5
The if statement is easy.

When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to false and the
statement inside the body of if is not executed

C if...else Statement
The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of
the if..else statement is:
1. if (test expression) {
2. // statements to be executed if the test expression is true
3. }
4. else {
5. // statements to be executed if the test expression is false
6. }

How if...else statement works?


If the test expression is evaluated to true,

 statements inside the body of if are executed.


 statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.

If the test expression is evaluated to false,

 statements inside the body of else are executed


 statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.

Example 2: if...else statement


1. // Check whether an integer is odd or even
2.
3. #include <stdio.h>
4. int main()
5. {
6. int number;
7. printf("Enter an integer: ");
8. scanf("%d", &number);
9.
10. // True if the remainder is 0
11. if (number%2 == 0)
12. {
13. printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
14. }
15. else
16. {
17. printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
18. }
19.
20. return 0;
21. }
Output
Enter an integer: 7
7 is an odd integer.

When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is evaluated to false. Hence,
the statement inside the body of else is executed.

C if...else Ladder
The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test
expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2
possibilities.

The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions and execute
different statements.

Syntax of nested if...else statement.


1. if (test expression1)
2. {
3. // statement(s)
4. }
5. else if(test expression2)
6. {
7. // statement(s)
8. }
9. else if (test expression3)
10. {
11. // statement(s)
12. }
13. .
14. .
15. else
16. {
17. // statement(s)
18. }

Example 3: C if...else Ladder


1. // Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol
2.
3. #include <stdio.h>
4. int main()
5. {
6. int number1, number2;
7. printf("Enter two integers: ");
8. scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
9.
10. //checks if the two integers are equal.
11. if(number1 == number2)
12. {
13. printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
14. }
15.
16. //checks if number1 is greater than number2.
17. else if (number1 > number2)
18. {
19. printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
20. }
21.
22. //checks if both test expressions are false
23. else
24. {
25. printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
26. }
27.
28. return 0;
29. }
Output
Enter two integers: 12
23
Result: 12 < 23

Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of
another if...else statement.

Example 4: Nested if...else


This program given below relates two integers using either <, > and = similar to
the if...else ladder's example. However, we will use a nested if...else statement to
solve this problem.
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. int number1, number2;
5. printf("Enter two integers: ");
6. scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
7.
8. if (number1 >= number2)
9. {
10. if (number1 == number2)
11. {
12. printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
13. }
14. else
15. {
16. printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
17. }
18. }
19. else
20. {
21. printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
22. }
23.
24. return 0;
25. }

If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you do not need to use
brackets {}.

For example, this code

1. if (a > b) {
2. print("Hello");
3. }
4. print("Hi");

is equivalent to

1. if (a > b)
2. print("Hello");
3. print("Hi");

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