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C If... Else Sta-WPS Office

The document discusses C flow control using if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides the syntax for each statement and examples to compare values and output text based on conditional tests. Key points covered include evaluating conditional expressions, executing code blocks based on true or false results, and using if...else ladders or nested conditions to compare multiple values.

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MANJU D CSE4026
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45 views9 pages

C If... Else Sta-WPS Office

The document discusses C flow control using if, if...else, and nested if...else statements. It provides the syntax for each statement and examples to compare values and output text based on conditional tests. Key points covered include evaluating conditional expressions, executing code blocks based on true or false results, and using if...else ladders or nested conditions to compare multiple values.

Uploaded by

MANJU D CSE4026
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C FLOW CONTROL

• C if...else Statement
• In this tutorial, you will learn about the if statement
(including if...else and nested if..else) in C program
ming with the help of examples.
• C if Statement
• The syntax of the if statement in C programming is:
• if (test expression)
•{
• // code
•}
•C if...else Statement
• The if statement may have an optional else block. The syntax of the if..else statement is:
• if (test expression) {
• // run code if test expression is true
•}
• else {
• // run code if test expression is false
•}

•How if...else statement works?


• If the test expression is evaluated to true,
• statements inside the body of if are executed.
• statements inside the body of else are skipped from execution.
• If the test expression is evaluated to false,
• statements inside the body of else are executed
• statements inside the body of if are skipped from execution.
• How if...else statement works in C programming?
• Working of if...else Statement
• How if statement works?
• The if statement evaluates the test expression insid
e the parenthesis ().
• If the test expression is evaluated to true, statemen
ts inside the body of if are executed.
• If the test expression is evaluated to false, statemen
ts inside the body of if are not executed.
• How if statement works in C programming?
• Working of if Statement
• To learn more about when test expression is evalua
ted to true (non-zero value) and false (0), check rela
tional and logical operators.
• Example 1: if statement
• // Program to display a number if it is negative
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number;
• printf("Enter an integer: ");
• scanf("%d", &number);
• // true if number is less than 0
• if (number < 0) {
• printf("You entered %d.\n", number);
• }
• printf("The if statement is easy.");
• return 0;
•}
• Output 1
• Enter an integer: -2
• You entered -2.
• The if statement is easy.
• When the user enters -2, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to true. Hence, You entered -2 is displayed on the sc
reen.

•Output 2
• Enter an integer: 5
• The if statement is easy.
• When the user enters 5, the test expression number<0 is evaluated to false and the statement inside the body of if is not
executed
• Example 2: if...else statement
• // Check whether an integer is odd or even
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number;
• printf("Enter an integer: ");
• scanf("%d", &number);
• // True if the remainder is 0
• if (number%2 == 0) {
• printf("%d is an even integer.",number);
• }
• else {
• printf("%d is an odd integer.",number);
• }
• return 0;
•}
• Output
• Enter an integer: 7
• 7 is an odd integer.
• When the user enters 7, the test expression number%2==0 is evaluated to false. Hence, the stat
ement inside the body of else is executed.
•C if...else Ladder
• The if...else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test expression is tru
r false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2 possibilities.
• The if...else ladder allows you to check between multiple test expressions and execute different statem
ts.
• Syntax of if...else Ladder
• if (test expression1) {
• // statement(s)
•}
• else if(test expression2) {
• // statement(s)
•}
• else if (test expression3) {
• // statement(s)
•}
•.
•.
• else {
• // statement(s)
•}
•Example 3: C if...else Ladder
• // Program to relate two integers using =, > or < symbol
• #include <stdio.h>
• int main() {
• int number1, number2;
• printf("Enter two integers: ");
• scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
• //checks if the two integers are equal.
• if(number1 == number2) {
• printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
• }
• //checks if number1 is greater than number2.
• else if (number1 > number2) {
• printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
• }
• //checks if both test expressions are false
• else {
• printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
• }
• return 0;
• }
• Output
• Enter two integers: 12
• 23
• Result: 12 < 23
Nested if...else
It is possible to include an if...else statement inside the body of another if...else statement.

Example 4: Nested if...else


This program given below relates two integers using either <, > and = similar to the if...else ladder's example. However, we will use a nested if...else statement to solve this problem.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number1, number2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &number1, &number2);
if (number1 >= number2) {
if (number1 == number2) {
printf("Result: %d = %d",number1,number2);
}
else {
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
}
else {
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
If the body of an if...else statement has only one statement, you do not need to use brackets {}.
For example, this code
if (a > b) {
print("Hello");
}
print("Hi");
is equivalent to
if (a > b)
print("Hello");
print("Hi");

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