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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

1) Check limitations for the use of Direct Design Method

a) Three or more spans in each direction.

𝑙2 −𝑙1
b) Variation in successive spans ≤ 33% 𝑥100% ≤ 33 %)
𝑙2
c) LL ≤ 2 DL
d) Column offset ≤ 10% in each direction.
e) L/B < 2
f) For slabs on beams, for one panel

𝜶𝒇𝟏 𝒍𝟐 𝟐
𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 ≤ ≤ 𝟓. 𝟎
𝜶𝒇𝟐 𝒍𝟏 𝟐

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

2) Determination of Two way slab thickness:

a) CASE I:

409.6.3.1 The thickness of slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports on all sides
shall satisfy the requirements of Section 409.6.3.2 or 409.6.3.4.

409.6.3.2 For slabs without interior beams spanning between the supports and having a ratio of
long to short span not greater than 2, the minimum thickness shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Table 409-3 and shall not be less than the following values:

▪ Slabs without drop panels as defined in Sections 413.4.7.1 and 413.4.7.2 ............. 125 mm
▪ Slabs with drop panels as defined in Sections 413.4.7.1 and 413.4.7.2. .................. 100 mm

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

a) CASE I:

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

a) CASE I:

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

b) CASE II:

409.6.3.3 For slabs with beams spanning between the supports on all sides, the minimum thickness
shall be as follows:

1. For 𝜶𝒎 equal to or less than 0.2 (𝜶𝒎 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎) , the provisions of Section 409.6.3.2 shall apply.

2. For 𝜶𝒎 greater than 0.2 but not greater than 2.0 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟎 ≤ 𝜶𝒎 ≤ 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎), the thickness shall not
be less than
𝒇𝒚
𝒍𝒏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 +
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒉= ≥ 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 𝐸𝑞. 409 − 13, 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010
𝟑𝟔 + 𝟓𝜷 𝜶𝒎 − 𝟎. 𝟐𝟎

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

3. For 𝜶𝒎 greater than 2.0 (𝟐. 𝟎 < 𝜶𝒎 ), the thickness shall not be less than

𝒇𝒚
𝒍𝒏 𝟎. 𝟖𝟎 +
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝒉= ≥ 𝟗𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝐸𝑞. 409 − 14, 𝑁𝑆𝐶𝑃 2010
𝟑𝟔 + 𝟗𝜷

4. At discontinuous edges, an edge beam shall be provided with a stiffness ratio 𝜶 not less than
0.80; or the minimum thickness required by Equation (409-13) or (409-12) shall be increased by
at least 10 percent in the panel with a discontinuous edge.

𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆:
𝒍𝒏 = 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜷 = 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝒉 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝜶𝒎 = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝛼 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙

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3) Evaluate the slab thickness in Shear Capacity

❑ Shear in Slab Systems with Beams

𝑽𝑼 ≤ 𝝓𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀 𝒇𝒄 ′ 𝒃𝒅

𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆:
𝒅 = 𝒉 − 𝑪𝒄 − 𝒅𝒃
𝟏𝒎
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝝀 = 𝟏. 𝟎 ( 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒆) 𝒃𝟏
𝒍𝟐 /𝟐 − −𝒅
𝟐
𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓 ( 𝑺𝒉𝒆𝒂𝒓)

𝒃𝟏
𝑽𝒖 = 𝒒 (𝒍𝟐 /𝟐 − − 𝒅)(𝟏𝒎)
𝟐

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

4) Check the trial slab thickness using the estimating dimensions of interior
and exterior beams sections:

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 4.10 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT DESIGN METHOD

5) Determination of total factored Static Moment, Mo

6) Distribution of the total factored static moment to negative and positive moments
7) Distribution of the positive and negative factored moments to the Column and middle strips:

84

8) Design of Slab Reinforcement

❑ 413.4 Slab Reinforcement

❑ 413.3.1 Area of reinforcement in each

direction for two-way slab systems shall be
determined from moments at critical sections,
but shall not be less than required by Section
407.13.2.1.

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8) Design of Slab Reinforcement

❑ Check the Minimum As

𝑴𝒖
=𝑹
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐

𝝆𝒇𝒚
𝑹 = 𝝆𝒇𝒚 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟓𝟗
𝒇𝒄 ′

𝑾𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆:

𝝓 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 ( 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒍 𝒀𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈)

𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟖𝑨𝒈 𝑺𝒉𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

𝑨𝒈 = 𝒉𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

86

❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

𝟓 @ 𝟕. 𝟎𝟎 𝒎
Design a monolithic reinforced concrete two-way slab
A1 and A2 consists of rectangular panels. A1
The floor is designed to carry a service live load of 4.8
kN/m² uniformly distributed over its surface in addition A2
to its own weight (23.5 kN/m³), using a concrete
𝟓 @ 𝟔. 𝟓 𝒎

strength of 28 MPa and reinforcement having f y = 420

MPa.

Thickness of the slab is 160 mm, neglect the beams

weight.

Edged Column: 500 mm x 500 mm

Edge Beam: 500 mm x 600 mm

Interior Column: 600 mm x 600 mm

Interior Beam: 600 mm x 600 mm

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

5) Determination of total factored Static Moment, Mo

𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟑. 𝟓𝒎

L1, m 7 7 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.45
Mo, kN.m 222 219 219 219 222

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

5) Determination of total factored Static Moment, Mo

𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝟒𝟎𝟔 𝟒𝟏𝟑 𝟔. 𝟓𝒎

L1, m 7 7 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.45
Mo, kN.m 413 406 406 406 413

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

6) Distribution of the total factored static moment to negative and positive moments

𝟑. 𝟓𝒎

L1, m 7 7 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.45
Mo, kN.m 222 219 219 219 222
% 16 57 70 65 35 65 65 35 65 65 35 65 70 57 16
Mu -36 127 -156 -143 77 -143 -143 77 -143 -143 77 - -156 12 -36
143 7

90

❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

6) Distribution of the total factored static moment to negative and positive moments

L1, m 7 7 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.45
Mo, kN.m 413 406 406 406 413
% 16 57 70 65 35 65 65 35 65 65 35 65 70 57 16
Mu -67 236 -290 -264 14 -264 -264 143 -264 -264 14 - -290 23 -67
3 3 264 6

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

7) Distribution of the positive and negative factored moments to the Column and middle strips:

Half Column Strip 1.875m.

Half Middle Strip
Half Middle Strip
Half Column Strip
3.25m.
Half Column Strip
Half Middle Strip
Half Column Strip
Half Column Strip
3.25m.

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

7) Distribution of the positive and negative factored moments to the Column and middle strips:

Half Column Strip 1.875m.

Half Middle Strip

L1, m 7 7 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.45
Mo, kN.m 222 219 219 219 222
% 16 57 70 65 35 65 65 35 65 65 35 65 70 57 16
Mu -36 127 -156 -143 77 -143 -143 77 -143 -143 77 - -156 12 -36
143 7
%CS 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77
M-HCS -28 98 -121 -111 60 -111 -111 60 -111 -111 60 - -121 98 -28
111
M-HMS -8 29 -35 -32 17 -32 -32 17 -32 -32 17 -32 -35 29 --8

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

7) Distribution of the positive and negative factored moments to the Column and middle strips:

Half Column Strip

Half Column Strip
3.25m.
Half Column Strip
L1, m 7 7 Strip
Half Middle 7 7 7
Ln, m 6.45 Half Column
6.4 Strip 6.4 6.4 6.45
Half Column Strip
Mo, kN.m 413 406 406 406 413 3.25m.
% 16 57 70 65 35 65 65 35 65 65 35 65 70 57 16
Mu -67 236 -290 -264 14 -264 -264 143 -264 -264 14 - -290 23 -67
3 3 264 6
%CS 85 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 85
MMS -57 182 -224 -204 11 -204 -204 111 -204 -204 11 - -224 18 -57
1 1 204 2
MCS -10 54 -66 -60 32 -60 -60 32 -60 -60 32 -60 -66 54 -10

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

7) Distribution of the positive and negative factored moments to the Column and middle strips:

-𝟐𝟖 98 -𝟏𝟐𝟏 1.875m.

-𝟖 29 -𝟑𝟓
3.25m.
-𝟓 27 -𝟑𝟑

-𝟐𝟖. 𝟓. 91 -𝟏𝟏𝟐 1.625m.

-𝟐𝟖. 𝟓. 91 -𝟏𝟏𝟐
1.625m.

-𝟓 27 -𝟑𝟑
3.25m.
-𝟓 27 -𝟑𝟑

-𝟐𝟖. 𝟓. 91 -𝟏𝟏𝟐 1.625m.

-𝟐𝟖. 𝟓. 91 -𝟏𝟏𝟐. 1.625m.

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

8) Design of Slab Reinforcement

Mark Location Mu, kN.m. b,mm d,mm R, MPa 𝝆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 As,req #, 12mm
Dia
Half of Column Exterior, -Mu 28x0.15= 4.2 1,375 128 0.207 0.0005 0.00225 396 4
Strip at Slab A-1 (
Edge Beam) Positive, Mu 98x0.15= 14.7 1,375 128 0.725 0.00175 0.00225 396 4

Interior, -Mu 121x0.15= 1,375 128 0.895 0.00217 0.00225 396 4

18.15

-𝟖

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

8) Design of Slab Reinforcement

Mark Location Mu, kN.m. b,mm d,mm R, MPa 𝝆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 As,re #, 12mm
q Dia
Middle Strip Exterior, -Mu 13 3,250 128 0.271 0.00065 0.00225 936 9

Positive, Mu 56 3,250 128 1.169 0.00286 0.00225 1190 11

Interior, -Mu 68 3,250 128 1.419 0.00349 0.00225 1452 13

-𝟖

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❖ EXAMPLE 3.40

8) Design of Slab Reinforcement

Mark Location Mu, kN.m. b,mm d,mm R, MPa 𝝆 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 As,re #, 12mm
q Dia
Half of Column Exterior, -Mu 28.5x.15=4.275 1,325 128 0.219 0.000524 0.00225 382 4
Strip at Slab A-1(
Interior Beam) Positive, Mu 91x.15=13.65 1,325 128 0.699 0.00169 0.00225 382 4

Interior, -Mu 112x.15= 16.8 1,325 128 0.86 0.00209 0.00225 382 4

-𝟖

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