WINES

Prepared by:
Krisel Barcenas
Angelica Zoilo
WINES
Is an alcoholic drink made from fermented
grapes.
TYPES OF WINES
• White Wine
• Red Wine
• Rosé Wine
• Sparkling Wine
• Dessert Wine
RED WINE
Is a type of wine made from dark-colored
(black) grape varieties.
WHITE WINE
Is a wine that is fermented without skin contact.
The color can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or
yellow-gold. It is produced by the alcoholic
fermentation of the non colored pulp of grapes,
which may have a skin of any color. White wine
has existed for at least 2500 years.
ROSÉ WINE
A rosé wine incorporates some of the color from
the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a
red wine. It may be the oldest known type of wine,
as it is the most straightforward to make with the
skin contact method.
SPARKLING WINE
is a wine with significant levels of carbon
dioxide in it, making it fizzy.
Example: Champagne
DESSERT WINE
Sometimes called pudding wines, are sweet
wines typically served with dessert.
In the UK, a dessert wine is considered to be
any sweet wine drunk with a meal, as
opposed to the white wine.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• 8000 BC – Earliest known production of
wine is dated to 10 thousand years ago, in
an ancient region of Colchis(modern day
Georgia).
• 7000 BC - Another possible birthplace of
wine is speculated to be in China.
Archeologist found there some of the
oldest wine pottery shards known to man.
• 4500 BC -Wine first came into continental
Europe through the tribes that lived on
Balkans.
• 4000 BC - Remains of the oldest winery
were found in Armenia. According to
some historians, they produced wine
since 7000 BC.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• 1600 BC - Wine pottery was used in burial ceremonies of Chinese
Xia Dynasty royal members.
• 1323 BC - Tomb of Egypt pharaoh Tutankhamen was sealed with
several wine jugs. Modern analysis confirmed that the jugs
contained red wine.
• 400 BC - First historical mentioning of grape-based wine in India.
• 1st millennia BC - Wine became commonplace in the ancient
empires of Rome, Greece and Thrace.
• 1st millennia AD - After the decline of Rome, Christian church
became the only widespread producer of wine. While majority of
Muslim believers were not allowed to produce wine, Muslim
chemist were ones who discovered the process of distillation.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• Medieval Europe - Increased production of grapes in southern
Europe gave rise to its wine industry. Northern Europe however
focused to production of beer and ale.
• 12th century - Monasteries develop vineyards in regions of
Champagne, Burgundy and Rhine Valley.
• 1224 - French king organized first international wine tasting
competition. Winner was Cypriot wine.
• 14th, 15th and 16th century - Production of winemaking started
by several catholic monks separates from the church, spreading its
influence across entire Europe. Wine becomes commonplace drink
of both nobility and common people. The lack of clean water in
Europe gave boost to the consumption of wine.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• Early 17th century - Production of glass reaches modern
standards. Storing and transporting wine is greatly improved.
• 1729 - Ruinart, world oldest French champagne house was
founded.
• Early 1800s - Majority of French wine production was privatized
after the French Revolution.
• 1825 - Mass production of wine started in United States with the
forming of Hudson's Bay Company in Fort Vancouver, Washington
State.
• 1861 - Britain introduced Single Bottle Act, which enabled
groceries to sell wine in the glass bottles.
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• 1864 - First sighting of Phylloxera in France. This pest managed to
ravage majority of world's vineyards for nearly 20 years.
• 19th and 20th century - Wine productions spreads across the entire
world. Vineyards in California, Australia, South America and New
Zealand gain acclaim.
• 1920 - American prohibition starts. Sale and consumption of alcohol
became illegal, which brought closure to many vineries.
• 1934 - Prohibition ends. In California, only 160 of 700 wineries survive.
• 1976 - For the first time, Californian wine managed to beat French in
the famous "Judgment of Paris" tasting.
• 2006 - The total wine production intended for export reached the
number of 8.3 million tons, with Italy (1.7 million), France (1.4 million)
and Spain (1.3 million) having biggest market share.
SIGNIFICANCE
• Gut microbiome and cardiovascular health.
• Raising levels of omega-3 fatty acids
• Heart health and type-2 diabetes
• Healthy blood vessels and blood pressure
• Brain damage after stroke
• Preventing vision loss, colon cancer and breast cancer.
• Improving lung function and preventing lung cancer
• Protection from prostate cancer
• Preventing dementia
• Reducing risk of depression
• Protecting from severe sunburn
• Preventing liver disease
• Preventing dental cavities
• Treating acne
WINE MAKING PROCESS
WINE MAKING PROCESS
WINE MAKING
PROCESS
• Harvesting
• Crushing and Pressing
• Fermentation
• Clarification
• Aging & Filtration
• Bottling
HARVESTING
Harvesting is the first step in the
wine making process and an
important part of ensuring
delicious wine. Grapes are the
only fruit that have the necessary
acids, esters, and tannins to
consistently make natural and
stable wine. Tannins are textural
elements that make the wine dry
and add bitterness and
astringency to the wine.
WHITE WINE GRAPES TYPE

Riesling Pinot Gris Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay

high in acidity and has strong low in acidity and high in produces a crisp and Possibly the world's best
aromas that tend to be flowery sugar and produce wines that refreshing white wine that can known white wine grape.
and perfumed are full-bodied, fruity and can be semi-sweet to dry with Chardonnay can range from
Ex. Sparkling Wine have an oily texture fresh fruit flavors of apples, crisp and fruity, to rich and
grapefruit and tropical fruits buttery depending on the
and tends to be high in acidity growing region, temperatures,
fermentation types and aging.
RED WINE GRAPE TYPES

Pinot Noir Zinfandel Syrah/Shiraz Cabernet Sauvignon

This grape produces medium Known as Primitivo in Italy, Known as 'Syrah' throughout One of the most widely known
bodied, low tannin wines with this grape is widely known for most of world, but known as grapes is grown throughout
flavors of cherries, raspberries producing a robust red wine 'Shiraz' in Australia. Full the world. Used in Bordeaux
and strawberries. that has big fruit flavors and bodied with soft tannins and blends with Cabernet Franc
often is described as 'jammy.' jammier fruit flavors. and Merlot, but also an
outstanding varietal.
CRUSHING
Crushing is the process when
gently squeezing the berries and
breaking the skins to start to
liberate the contents of the
berries.
PRESSING
Pressing is the act of applying
pressure to grapes in order to
separate juice or wine from
grapes and grape skins.
• Must is cold soaked.

• Skins are punched down 3 times a day.

• Yeast & nutrients are added on day 3.

• Sugar is reduced from 26% to 0%.

• Alcohol increases from 0% to 14%.

FERMENTATION
• Must (or juice) can begin
fermenting naturally within 6-
12 hours when aided with wild
yeasts in the air.
• Fermentation continues until
all of the sugar is converted
into alcohol and dry wine is
produced.
• Fermentation can take
anywhere from 10 days to one
month or more.
CLARIFICATION
Clarification is the process in
which solids such as dead yeast
cells, tannins, and proteins are
removed. Wine is transferred or
“racked” into a different vessel
such as an oak barrel or a
stainless steel tank. Wine can then
be clarified through fining or
filtration.
Fining occurs when substances
are added to the wine to clarify it.
AGING
occurs in stainless steel tanks of
American oak barrels.
the amount of time a wine ages
varies from wine to wine.
Late in aging, some wines will go
through a process called "Cold
Stabilization" - the act of cooling
wine in order to keep tartaric acid
crystals from forming.
FILTRATION
Filtration in winemaking is used
to accomplish two objectives,
clarification and microbial
stabilization. In clarification, large
particles that affect the visual
appearance of the wine are
removed. In microbial
stabilization, organisms that affect
the stability of the wine are
removed therefore reducing the
likelihood of re-fermentation or
spoilage.
BOTTLING
First, air is removed and the bottles
are filled with wine.
Bottles are then sealed with screw
cap or cork.
*Screw cap = seals in freshness at
time of bottling. Best for light to
medium bodied, stainless aged
wines. Convenient, too!
*Cork = Best for wines that will
benifit from aging over time, like
oak aged wines, desserts, etc.
Finally, the bottles will be labelled.
The wine will continue to age while
in the bottles, before it's ready to go.
FLOW CHART START

Harvesting Grapes

De-steaming & Crushing

Mist & Grape Skin

Yeast Fermentation
Grape Skin,
Pressing Sediment,
Spent Yeast
Clarification

Stainless Steel Tank Oak Barrel

Aging

Filtration

Cork Bottling Screw Cap

Wine

END
 WASTE GENERATION & TREATMENT
Two main categories:

• Solid waste -Generated during the collection of grapes.

• Liquid waste / Water waste - Generated during the wine
making process.
WINE SOLID WASTE
• Grape skin and seed (grape
pomace)
• Bunch stalk
• Palettes, old bottle and wine
barrels.

WINE WATER WASTE

• Fermentation
• Storage and maturation
• Clarification
• Decanting and bottling
 THE IMPACT OF WINERY EFFLUENT ON THE
ENVIRONMENT

• Death of fish and other aquatic organisms

• The growth of crops.
• Offensive odors
SOLID WASTE
1. Reuse
• Grape pomace - used as a feed additive due to its high fiber content.
• Grape stalks – used as a fertilizer or soil amendments as they have low organic
matter content, which is highly effective for soils.

2. Reduce
• All aspects of your inventory, from glass to yeast, should be carefully monitored for
unnecessary waste. Adding too many yeast or nitrogen compounds, for instance, is
a wasteful practice. Water consumption in particular can get out of control. It
should be constantly checked against previously established key performance
indicators to avoid wasteful leaks and overuse.
3. Recycle
• wrap, palettes, waste metal, aluminum cans, glass and wine barrels can be
recycled, used as props in your stores or turned into recycling bins. Sample is to
make tables out of wine barrels, vases out of old bottles and shelving from old
palettes.
WINE WATER WASTE TREATMENT

1. Wastewater Collection
2. Odor Control
3. Pretreatment & neutralization
4. Disinfection
5. Release of the treated water waste
SAFETY PROCEDURE PURPOSE:
• Create a better work environment
• Boost morale
• Help retain good workers
• Improve productivity and enhance customer service
• Prevent accident
• Prevent damage to property
 SAFETY PROCEDURES
For workers: At Production:
• Machinery not locked out • Pipe Marking
• Wear personal protective equipment • Using of durable
or PPE reflective
• Refrain from horseplay or similar • Slippery surfaces
conduct that may endanger others
• Clutter
• Do not work if you are impaired (for
example, by drugs or alcohol)
• Use a ladder or stepstool to reach
items on higher shelves.
• Use safe lifting techniques.
• Use dollies whenever possible.
 REFERENCE
• WINETECH, MARCH 2005,GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF WASTEWATER AND SOLID WASTE AT EXISTING
WINhttp://www.ipw.co.za/content/guidelines/WastewaterApril05English.pdfERIES

• Sally , September 19, 2016, Sally on September 19, 2016, http://www.winewisdom.com/articles/greenish/winery-waste-to-winery-

profit/?fbclid=IwAR2dn9L27MWxBBbWpaquJy29TvPSLY5Jv7Yd2g0UFBSnEXQx9_yUNeYuIJQ

• Myrto-Panagiota Zacharof , 27 August 2016, Grape Winery Waste as Feedstock for Bioconversions: Applying the Biorefinery Concept,
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12649-016-9674-
2?fbclid=IwAR1trhCPhTT8TsXrfwJDkC2MnwKABilVb6_GwUlIJsCtRnzxUrS8Ne10zc0

• Peter R Day Resource Strategies Pty Ltd, 2011, Winery Wastewater Management & RecyclingOperational Guidelines,
https://www.wineaustralia.com/WineAustralia/media/WineAustralia/PDF/Growing-and-making/Winery-wastewater-
management/Operational-Guidelines.pdf

• Printed in Canada SP , November 2007, Health and Safety for Small and Medium-SizedWineries
https://depts.washington.edu/wineryhs/Content/wineries_h&s%20(worksafe%20BC).pdf

• GRAPHIC PRODUCTS STAFF , Winery Safety: Common Violations and How to Stay Safe,
https://www.graphicproducts.com/articles/winery-safety-common-violations-and-how-to-stay-safe/