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Trigonometric Identities and Formulas PDF

This document provides a summary of important definitions, identities, and formulas in trigonometry. It covers trigonometric functions of acute and arbitrary angles, special triangles, sine and cosine laws, relations between trig functions, Pythagorean and negative angle identities, cofunctions, addition and subtraction formulas, sum and difference to product formulas, double, multiple and half angle formulas, and the periodicity of the trig functions.

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Wagih Nabil
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329 views15 pages

Trigonometric Identities and Formulas PDF

This document provides a summary of important definitions, identities, and formulas in trigonometry. It covers trigonometric functions of acute and arbitrary angles, special triangles, sine and cosine laws, relations between trig functions, Pythagorean and negative angle identities, cofunctions, addition and subtraction formulas, sum and difference to product formulas, double, multiple and half angle formulas, and the periodicity of the trig functions.

Uploaded by

Wagih Nabil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometric
Identities and
Formulas

Below are some of the most

important definitions, identities


and formulas in trigonometry.

1.

Trigonometric
Functions of Acute
Angles

sin X = opp / hyp = a / c , csc X

= hyp / opp = c / a

tan X = opp / adj = a / b , cot X

= adj / opp = b / a

cos X = adj / hyp = b / c , sec X

= hyp / adj = c / b ,
2.

Trigonometric
Functions of
Arbitrary Angles

sin X = b / r , csc X = r / b

tan X = b / a , cot X = a / b

cos X = a / r , sec X = r / a

3.

Special Triangles
Special triangles may be used

to find trigonometric functions

of special angles: 30, 45 and

60 degress.

4.

Sine and Cosine


Laws in Triangles

In any triangle we have:

1 - The sine law

sin A / a = sin B / b = sin C / c

2 - The cosine laws

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2 b c cos A

b 2 = a 2 + c 2 - 2 a c cos B

c 2 = a 2 + b 2 - 2 a b cos C
5.

Relations Between
Trigonometric
Functions

cscX = 1 / sinX

sinX = 1 / cscX

secX = 1 / cosX

cosX = 1 / secX

tanX = 1 / cotX

cotX = 1 / tanX
tanX = sinX / cosX

cotX = cosX / sinX

6.

Pythagorean
Identities

sin 2X + cos 2X = 1

1 + tan 2X = sec 2X

1 + cot 2X = csc 2X

7.

Negative Angle
Identities

sin(-X) = - sinX , odd function

csc(-X) = - cscX , odd function

cos(-X) = cosX , even function

sec(-X) = secX , even function

tan(-X) = - tanX , odd function

cot(-X) = - cotX , odd function

8.
Cofunctions
Identities

sin(π/2 - X) = cosX

cos(π/2 - X) = sinX

tan(π/2 - X) = cotX

cot(π/2 - X) = tanX

sec(π/2 - X) = cscX

csc(π/2 - X) = secX

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9.

Addition Formulas
cos(X + Y) = cosX cosY - sinX

sinY

cos(X - Y) = cosX cosY + sinX

sinY

sin(X + Y) = sinX cosY + cosX

sinY

sin(X - Y) = sinX cosY - cosX

sinY

tan(X + Y) = [ tanX + tanY ] / [ 1

- tanX tanY]

tan(X - Y) = [ tanX - tanY ] / [ 1

+ tanX tanY]

cot(X + Y) = [ cotX cotY - 1 ] / [

cotX + cotY]

cot(X - Y) = [ cotX cotY + 1 ] / [

cotY - cotX]

10.

Sum to Product
Formulas
cosX + cosY = 2cos[ (X + Y) /

2 ] cos[ (X - Y) / 2 ]

sinX + sinY = 2sin[ (X + Y) / 2 ]

cos[ (X - Y) / 2 ]

11.

Difference to
Product Formulas

cosX - cosY = - 2sin[ (X + Y) /

2 ] sin[ (X - Y) / 2 ]

sinX - sinY = 2cos[ (X + Y) / 2 ]

sin[ (X - Y) / 2 ]

12.

Product to
Sum/Difference
Formulas

cosX cosY = (1/2) [ cos (X - Y)

+ cos (X + Y) ]

sinX cosY = (1/2) [ sin (X + Y)

+ sin (X - Y) ]
cosX sinY = (1/2) [ sin (X + Y) -

sin[ (X - Y) ]

sinX sinY = (1/2) [ cos (X - Y) -

cos (X + Y) ]

13.

Difference of
Squares Formulas

sin 2X - sin 2Y = sin(X + Y)sin(X

- Y)

cos 2X - cos 2Y = - sin(X +

Y)sin(X - Y)

cos 2X - sin 2Y = cos(X +

Y)cos(X - Y)

14.

Double Angle
Formulas

sin(2X) = 2 sinX cosX

cos(2X) = 1 - 2sin 2X = 2cos 2X


-1

tan(2X) = 2tanX / [ 1 - tan 2X ]

15.

Multiple Angle
Formulas

sin(3X) = 3sinX - 4sin 3X

cos(3X) = 4cos 3X - 3cosX

sin(4X) = 4sinXcosX - 8sin

3XcosX

cos(4X) = 8cos 4X - 8cos 2X +

16.

Half Angle Formulas

sin (X/2) = + or - √ ( (1 - cosX)

/2)

cos (X/2) = + or - √ ( (1 +

cosX) / 2 )

tan (X/2) = + or - √ ( (1 - cosX)


/ (1 + cosX) )

= sinX / (1 + cosX) = (1 - cosX)

/ sinX

17.

Power Reducing
Formulas

sin 2X = 1/2 - (1/2)cos(2X))

cos 2X = 1/2 + (1/2)cos(2X))

sin 3X = (3/4)sinX -

(1/4)sin(3X)

cos 3X = (3/4)cosX +

(1/4)cos(3X)

sin 4X = (3/8) - (1/2)cos(2X) +

(1/8)cos(4X)

cos 4X = (3/8) + (1/2)cos(2X)

+ (1/8)cos(4X)

sin 5X = (5/8)sinX -

(5/16)sin(3X) + (1/16)sin(5X)

cos 5X = (5/8)cosX +
(5/16)cos(3X) +

(1/16)cos(5X)

sin 6X = 5/16 - (15/32)cos(2X)

+ (6/32)cos(4X) -

(1/32)cos(6X)

cos 6X = 5/16 +

(15/32)cos(2X) +

(6/32)cos(4X) +

(1/32)cos(6X)

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18.

Trigonometric
Functions
Periodicity

sin (X + 2π) = sin X , period 2π

cos (X + 2π) = cos X , period

2π

sec (X + 2π) = sec X , period

2π
csc (X + 2π) = csc X , period

2π

tan (X + π) = tan X , period π

cot (X + π) = cot X , period π

19. Trigonometric Tables.

20. Properties of The Six

Trigonometric Functions.

Graph, domain, range,

asymptotes (if any), symmetry,

x and y intercepts and

maximum and minimum

points of each of the 6

trigonometric functions.

More References and links

on Trigonometry

Trigonometry .

Solve Trigonometry Problems .

Free Trigonometry Questions with

Answers .
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