Table of Contents

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1
Objectives ....................................................................................................................................... 2
General objectives .................................................................................................................... 2
Specific Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2
Methodology................................................................................................................................... 3
Significance of the Study.............................................................................................................. 5
Scope and Limitation of the study .............................................................................................. 7
I. Setting of the Community ......................................................................................................... 9
Total Population, Land Area and Density .............................................................................. 9
Climate ...................................................................................................................................... 10
Medium of Communication .................................................................................................... 10
Means of Transportation ........................................................................................................ 12
Resources available in the Community ............................................................................... 13
History of Pinagbuhatan: “The ancient town center” ......................................................... 14
Spot Map of Ilugin Phase 1 and 2 of Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City .................... 16
II. Population ................................................................................................................................ 17
Total population of the Barangay .......................................................................................... 17
Total surveyed population ...................................................................................................... 17
Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................. 17
Age and Sex Distribution........................................................................................................ 18
Table 3. Age and Sex Distribution .................................................................................... 18
............................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 3. Pyramidal Presentation of the Age and Sex distribution .............................. 19
Civil Status ............................................................................................................................... 20
III. Economic Indices................................................................................................................... 22
Dependency Ratio................................................................................................................... 22
Occupation ............................................................................................................................... 23
Occupational Status ................................................................................................................ 25
Average Income ...................................................................................................................... 26
Prioritization of Expenditures................................................................................................. 28
Resources Allotted for Health Care ...................................................................................... 31
IV. Socio – Cultural Indices........................................................................................................ 33
 Literacy Rate ............................................................................................................................ 33
Educational Attainment .......................................................................................................... 34
Religion ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Population Movement ............................................................................................................. 42
B. House and Land Ownership ......................................................................................... 46
C. Ventilation ........................................................................................................................ 48
D. Overcrowding .................................................................................................................. 51
Table 17. Percentage Distribution showing the Overcrowding of houses of Families
Surveyed, Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City as of 2019 ......................................................... 51
V. Environmental Indices ........................................................................................................... 53
Water Supply ........................................................................................................................... 53
Refuse/Waste Disposal .......................................................................................................... 64
Breeding Sites ......................................................................................................................... 68
VI. Health Indices ........................................................................................................................ 76
Common Family History ......................................................................................................... 78
Common Illnesses............................................................................................................... 80
Table 32. Frequency Distribution Showing the Common Illnesses and Diseases of
the Families in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City ............................................................. 80
Common Vices .................................................................................................................... 82
Table 33. Frequency Distribution showing the Population of Smokers in Ilugin,
Pinagbuhatan Pasig City .................................................................................................... 82
Nutritional Status ................................................................................................................... 104
Table 48. Frequency and Percentage of Nutritional Status ............................................ 104
Health Center Programs, Awareness, and Utilization ..................................................... 109
Table 51. Breastfeeding program as Health Center programs and project Awareness
and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan ............................................................ 109
VII. Political and Leadership .................................................................................................... 132
Recognition of Authority ........................................................................................................... 132
Table 69. Perceived problems of people in Ilugin, Pasig city ......................................... 140
VIII. Summary and Conclusion................................................................................................ 142

2
 Introduction

Community is generally defined as a group of individuals, including family,

who share a common interest in terms of cultural and historical heritage, a

government, and a geographic location which makes them a single unit of

individuals. It follows the same policies, often having the same social state or

condition which binds them into a unified body of individuals in a specific region

or locality with the same goal or objective. From this standpoint, a community

functions like a family, with its members sharing the sense of belongingness,

culture, norms, and other traits with one another. Although not all communities

are the same

Community health Nursing is the synthesis of nursing and

public health practice applied to promote and protect the health of population. It

combines all the basic elements of professional, clinical nursing with

public health and community practice. The primary role of community health

nurses is to provide treatment to patients. Additionally, community health

nurses offer education to community members about maintaining their health so

that they can decrease the occurrence of diseases and deaths. Community

diagnosis generally refers to the identification and quantification of health

problems in a community as a whole in terms of mortality and morbidity rates and

ratios, and identification of their correlates for the purpose of defining those at

risk or those in need of health care.

As part of the requirement of the subject Community Health Nursing, the

2nd year nursing student had chosen Ilugin, Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Pasig City as

1
locale for their community diagnosis. Ilugin, Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Pasig City an

urban type of community located at the north of Pinagbuhatan, which is

composed of Phase I, Phase II and Riverside. The purpose of the researchers

was to conduct data that will help to identify community problem that the Ilugin

has.

Community assessment is a tool used to determine community problems

that student nurses need to have information to formulate diagnosis. After the

collection of data, student nurses will analyze the data and create a plan before

the health teaching in the community. They will have an evaluation of the

outcome after doing health teaching.

Objectives

General objectives

 The aim of this study is to assess the health needs of Ilugin

Brgy. Pinagbuhatan and through a comprehensive

community diagnosis. This is to make the community be

aware and educate on the various factors that directly and

indirectly influence their health.

Specific Objectives

a. Determine the present health condition of the community.

b. Identify the health behaviors as which factors that give rise

to the health problems.

2
 c. Provide analysis related to the socio-economic, cultural and

environmental factors.

d. Find a possible solution of the health problems based on the

capability and resources of the community through health

teaching.

Methodology

This study made use of the following methods and tools upon the data

collection:

Key Informants Interview

The whole process of the study; ocular survey, spot mapping, interview

and gathering of essential information are conducted with the knowledge and

supervision of the Barangay Captain of Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City and their

Barangay Health Workers on the aforementioned selected locale.

Ocular Survey

Inspection of Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City, the selected locale was

done on the first day of the community exposure before the actual interview in

order to determine the factors that may affect the people’s health status as well

as to familiarize with the setting of the community. This gives the researcher an

idea on how to deal with the possible respondents of this study.

3
Spot Mapping

The spot map of Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City indicates the

environmental hazards present in the area; and are categorized by the first level

of assessment; health deficit, health threat, and foreseeable crisis.

It also displayed the approximate distance of Ilugin Elementary and Health

Center to the area. Thus, assessing the access of people to health services

provided by the local government. Notable landmarks to determine the different

blocks are presented on the spot mapping; convenient store, basketball court,

main road, sari-sari stores and creek.

Records Review

The office Barangay Pinagbuhatan provided the researchers a copy of

their demography and essential statics. The barangay secretary gave access to

their documents concerning their community profile, geographical maps and

information regarding their programs like Dengue health teaching, feeding

programs, free school supplies, free haircut, vaccination and clean-up drive.

Sample

The respondents are composed of 508 families and 2345 individuals.

Families from Phase One and Two, Block 1 to 8 including the Riverside of Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. The family members interviewed in the study were

those present during the data collection and capable of answering the questions

of the researchers.

4
Data Gathering

The data gathering was conducted on September 25, 2019 until October

16, 2019 at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. A courtesy letter was given to the

secretary of barangay addressed to Barangay Captain by our clinical instructor

one week preceding the actual interview. The researchers planned the time and

date of the interview in order to adopt the time frame of the study and used the

provided questionnaire as the tool of the study. The researchers informed the

families about the interview that would be conducted including the objectives and

significance of the study.

The medium of instruction used by the researchers in conducting the

interview was Filipino. The researchers showed the questionnaire to the

respondents and allowed them to read and write unto it to know the literacy of the

respondents. It was made sure that every question that would be asked to the

respondents was explained well and their answers would be confidential.

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted in response to the health needs and problems

of the community and this aids in managing community resources and influence

decision that affects the delivery of the health services in the selected locale,

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. Furthermore, this study is expected to benefit

the following:

The Student Nurses

5
 Knowledge and skills in the community level will be strengthened as the

student nurses conduct this study. In addition, the students shall learn how to

build good rapport with the members of the community in order to enhance the

community members’ sense of participation and cooperation. Through this study,

student nurses as health provider will be able to apply their knowledge acquired

from principles of Community Health Nursing Course, which serves as guidelines

in establishing an effective and efficient health programs directed towards the

improvement of the community’s health.

The Community

This study will help to identify the existing problems within the community,

thus empowering them to realize their own health conditions and let them know

how to take necessary actions, which in turn could make the members of the

community responsible in managing their own health. It also helps building a self-

reliant community by giving information needed in community resource

management.

The Barangay Health Workers

As the primary health care team of the Barangay, the health workers are

one of the role models on health community. The health workers of Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City will be able to use the findings of this study as their

basis of formulating prioritized plans for health, among individuals in the

community. Problems that are commonly set aside because of lack of attention

6
and proper education will be deal properly. The aforementioned people will give

emphasis and prior attention to those problems.

The Barangay Officials

The information served by this study provides knowledge to the officials of

the barangay that could help in prioritization on creating programs for the people.

This also serves as a reliable source for the barangay to have a comparison and

a baseline data regarding the health status and living status of the community.

The Future Researchers

This study will serve as a basis for future researchers. Information cited in

this research could help them in their study by making this as their guide or

reference.

Scope and Limitation of the study

This community diagnosis was planned to bring together the community

and seek their contribution in solving their priority health problems, in addition to

endow the community to become self-sufficient and independent when it comes

to health care. The study was conducted in the community of Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City.

The community exposure will last from September 25, 2019 - November

20, 2019; whereas 4 days were assigned for data gathering which was 25 th of

7
September- 16th of October. Data gathering was held on the first 3 weeks of the

researchers’ community exposure. The researchers used the questionnaire

provided by our clinical instructors as the principal data gathering tool. The tool

scrutinized various facets of health of family members.

The researchers interviewed all families available on the data gathering

time and saturated the selected locale at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. The

information from the community was based on 508 families that are beyond the

target family number which is 500. This accounts 2,345 individuals that serve as

respondents of the study.

Student nurses who conducted the study encountered diverse problems

that delayed the data collection; Refusal of other families, unavailability of some

people to partake in the interview, and unfamiliarity to the aforesaid place.

Furthermore, only the present family members during the interview had their

health assessment with the researchers.

The population presented on this study is based on total population of

Barangay Pinagbuhtan due to the absence of total population of the selected

locale, Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City. The total land area of the Barangay

Pinagbuhatan was also used to compute for the density of the aforesaid place.

This is the reason why the density computed was aligned for the whole Barangay

PInagbuhatan. Data of mortality and morbidity of infants and adults are covered

not only the Ilugin area but also the other areas covered by one of the health

center in Pinagbuhatan named, Periculture. Great efforts were made by the

8
researchers to gather specific information about Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, to provide

reliable data written on this study.

I. Setting of the Community

Total Population, Land Area and Density

Pasig is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Its barangays are

grouped into two districts for city council representation purpose. Pinagbuhatan

belongs at District II Pasig City. The total population of Barangay Pinagbuhatan

as of 2018 is 179, 979 and encompasses 1,523,500 square meter of total land

area. There is one barangay hall and four health centers situated at the aforesaid

locale. Density of the aforementioned barangay was computed as follows:

Density= Total Land Area = Square

Total Population meter/ Person

1,523,500 = 8.26 m2/person

Density=
179, 979

The density of Barangay Pinagbuhatan based on 2018 total population is

8.26m2/person. This was derived by dividing the total land area of the

aforementioned barangay to the total population given by the barangay office.

Physical Features

9
 Ilugin, Pasig City is an urban community in the north of pinagbuhatan,

surrounder by factories, Its near A. Sandoval avenue and it is beside a river

called the Ilugin river. The place is flat with lowlying areas and does not have

areas that are elevated. This implies that iluginIs vulnerable to floods brought by

moderate yp heavy rains.

Climate

The climate in Ilugin, Pasig City is only composed of 2 seasons which is

the dry and the wet season. The length of each season varies each year but the

average dry season ranges from end of February up to the 1st Weeks of May

and it is wet season all the way. Also, every year when the northeast monsoon

blows in our direction a slight decrease in temperature is felt in the area.

Medium of Communication

Table 1. Medium of Communication used in Ilugin, Pasig City

10
 Medium of
Frequency Percentage
Communication
BHW Visit 390 54%
General Assembly 135 19%
Bulletin Board 101 14%
Gossip 95 13%
None 3 0.855555 %
Social Media 1 0.000004%
Total 725 99.9%

BHW visit -390 General Asembly-135 Bulletin Board-101

Gossip-95 None -3 Social Media- 1

13% 0%
0%

14%
54%

19%

Figure 1. Medium of Communication used in Ilugin, Pasig City

According to the data interpreted 390 people or 54% of the respondents

said that their medium of communication is through the visit of BHWs while 19%

or 135 said it was general assembly is their way. Next 14% or 101 percent said

they make use of bulletin boards. While 95 or 13% says gossip as their way and

11
less than one percent said that they use social media and 1 respondent said that

they use none.

This can be implied that the people from Ilugin are well aware of their

things for communication and relay of information to them but someone said that

one has no mode of communication can be a problem. Availability of health

information is vital in the overall health of the community. A good medium of

communication can reflect to a health community.

Means of Transportation

Table 2. Means of transportation used by people of Ilugin, Pasig City to have

access on healthcare

Tricycle 441 68%

Walking 112 17%
Jeep 61 9%
Boat 16 3%
Private Vehicle 15 2%
Bus 4 0.78888%
TOTAL 649 100%

12
 Medium of Transportation
Private
BoatBus
Vehicle
Jeep 3%2% 1%
9%

Walking
17%

Tricycle
68%

Tricycle Walking Jeep Boat Private Vehicle Bus

Figure 2. Medium of transportation used by people of Ilugin, Pasig City to have

access on healthcare

The graph shows that 411 people or 68% primarily uses tricycles to get to

a hospital or clinic. Next 112 people or 17 % said they are only walking to get to a

clinic or hospital. While 61 or 9% said they use jeeps, 16 people or 3 % makes

use of boats, 15 people or 2 % for private vehicles and 4 people or 0.79% uses

the bus. It implies that they make use of tricycles as mean of transportation

because it is the most available and cheapest option there is to directly go to a

healthcare provider.

Resources available in the Community

One major resource found in the Ilugin, Pasig City is a business in

butchering pig meat. People also employ themselves on factories nearby the

area which accounts for some source of financing in different families. A large

13
number of people are also employed in the slaughter house which produces 40

percent of the meat in the Pasig mega market. Also, sari-sari stores are

abundant in the area.

History of Pinagbuhatan: “The ancient town center”

The Augustians led by Fray Alonso de Lavarado and Encommedro Juan

Dela Isla reached the ancient town center of Pasig on the 20 th January 1572,

also the celebration of the feast day, Saint Sebastian.

After a year of stay in Pasig they found out that the ancient town center

was easily got flooded because of its being a low-pain and its proximity to

Laguna de Bay. With the conclusive assessment, Fray Alfonso moved town

center to its present site adjoin Barangay Malinao. The masses being held in

‘visita’ were then celebrated in its new site.

When some folks who attended the various religious activities such as

mass saint were asked “where they came from?” they would say, “sa

pinagbuhatan ng misa” or “sa pinagbuhatan ng simbahan”. From then on Pasig’s

ancient town center of religion and Catholicism.

Pinagbuhatan is a traditional Catholic barangay and almost all their people

are Catholics, with very active religious life. January 20, is the day where people

of the barangay is celebrating the feast day of their patron Saint, Mahal na Poong

San Sebastian. The most awaited of this event is the fluvial parade or the

dancers from Pagoda sa Kalsada where group of dancers from different purok of

barangay were featured and dancing to the to the old Carinosa. Grand

14
procession in the evening highlights the culmination activity. Pinagbuhatan has

rich cultural and religious heritage. Proof to this, were creativity and artistry of

their people who have joined hand in hand in staging various cultural and stage

plays like Moro-Moro, Zarzuela and Cenakulo.

In the year 1919, the Moro-Moro was founded and organized by Antonio

Sequena under the artistic leadership of Arcadio Asuncion, who directed the

stage play ‘Haring Garcelo” was the first ever production completed and

presented by group. Pablo Crux and Gilda Reyes led the cast. Using borrowed

costumes, more plays were staged until 1941 and were disbanded when the

Pacific War broke out.

Year 1947, the group was revived. They made and conceptualized

another stage play entitled “Ang haring gahaman” starring Juan Infante Jr., Primo

Cruz and Priscilla Carlos. The stage play was then shown not only in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan but as far as various places in Binangonan, Rizal.

It was in 1963, when Antonio Sequena and Fortunato Sequena organized

samahan ng mga Senakulista. This time the group wanted to stage the ‘life story

of Jesus Christ’. Artistic people like Sinfroso Santos, Buenaventure Vega, Leon

Fulgencio and Silvino Sequena were the backbone of this group.

People of Pinagbuhatan proved that their Catholic Christian Faith was

never to be questioned. Another significant chapter in the history of faith was in

the year of 1990, May 8-the blessing and the inauguration of the San Sebastian

15
Church as Parish and on June 12 the solemn installation of Rev. Fr. David

Colong, the very first Parish Priest of Pinagbuhatan.

Spot Map of Ilugin Phase 1 and 2 of Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

16
II. Population

Total population of the Barangay

The total population of Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) is 2,345.

Total surveyed population

Male population

The total number of males surveyed by the student nurse is 1,133.

Female Population

The total number of females surveyed by the student nurse is 1,212.

Sex Ratio

Number of males
Sex ratio = X 100
Number of females

1,133
Sex ratio = X 100
1,212

Sex ratio = 93.48%

The data above shows the sex ratio of males and females to the

individuals of Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). The overall sex ratio is 93.48%.

From 1,133 number of males in the population, it is equivalent to 48.32% and

51.68% of it comes from the 1,212-total number of females in the population.

There are more females than males in the community of Ilugin.

This implies that there is a lower employment rate in the community of

Ilugin due to the smaller number of males compared to the females because

17
traditionally in the Philippines, men are tasked to provide the basic needs of the

family.

Age and Sex Distribution

Table 3. Age and Sex Distribution

Age Male Percentage Female Percentage Total Percentage

0-4 134 11.83% 97 8.00% 231 9.85%
5-9 108 9.53% 125 10.31% 233 9.94%
10-14 99 8.74% 123 10.15% 222 9.47%
15-19 127 11.21% 133 10.97% 260 11.09%
20-24 112 9.89% 112 9.24% 224 9.55%
25-29 102 9.00% 126 10.40% 228 9.72%
30-34 76 6.71% 90 7.43% 166 7.08%
35-39 71 6.27% 88 7.26% 159 6.78%
40-44 78 6.88% 74 6.11% 152 6.48%
45-49 69 6.09% 79 6.52% 148 6.31%
50-54 48 4.24% 38 3.14% 86 3.67%
55-59 35 3.09% 42 3.47% 77 3.28%
60-64 30 2.65% 28 2.31% 58 2.47%
65-
35 3.09% 57 4.70% 92 3.92%
above
TOTAL 1133 100% 1212 100% 2345 100%

18
 65-above

60-64

55-59

50-54

45-49

40-44

35-39
Female %
30-34 Male %

25-29

20-24

15-19

10-14

5-9

0-4

15% 10% 5% 0% 5% 10% 15%

Figure 3. Pyramidal Presentation of the Age and Sex distribution

The bar graph above shows the age and sex distribution of the families of

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). It shows that the highest age population is

11.09% of the interviewed population ages 15-19 years old, 9.94% are aged 5-9

years old, 9.85% are aged 0-4 years old, 9.72% are aged 25-29 years old, 9.55

are aged 20-24 years old, 9.47% are aged 10-14 years old, 7.08% are aged 30-

19
34 years old, 6.78% are aged 35-39 years old, 6.48% are aged 40-44 years old,

6.31% are aged 45-49 years old, 3.92% are aged 65 and above years old, 3.67%

are aged 50-54 years old, 3.28% are aged 55-59 years old, and the lastly the

lowest age population 2.47% accounts to ages 60-64 years old.

We also found out that there are more males in the community than

females. Most of the population are teenagers (15-19 years old) and the smallest

age population comprise of old age (60-64 years old).

Civil Status

Table 4. Civil status’s Frequency and Percentage of people interviewed at Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Civil Status Frequency Percentage

Single 776 44.44 %

Married 551 31.56 %

Common Law 327 18.76 %

Widowed 65 3.72 %

Separated 23 1.32 %

Single Parent 4 0.20 %

Total 1,746 100 %

20
 Percentage Distribution Showing the Civil
Status of Individuals with the age of 15
years and above in Ilugin, Barangay
Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City as of October 2019
45.00% 44.44%

40.00%

35.00%
31.56%
30.00%
Single
25.00%
Married
20.00% 18.76%
Common Law
15.00% Widowed
Separated
10.00%
3.72% Single Parent
5.00%
1.32% 0.20%
0.00%

Figure 4. Civil Status

The table and pie chart above shows the data about the civil status of

individuals with the age of 15 years old and above in Ilugin, Barangay

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City as of October 2019. The largest percentage of

population accounts to those people who are single as their civil status,

comprising of 44.44 % of the total population of 1,746, next to it is the population

of married individuals comprising of 31.56%, while the 18.76% of the population

accounts to common law as their civil status. Minimal percentage lies under the

group of those individuals who are widowed, separated, and single parent as

21
their holding civil status having the results of 3.72%, 1.32% and 0.20 %

respectively.

III. Economic Indices

Dependency Ratio

DR =
no. of population 0 − 14 years old + 65 years old and above
𝑥 100
no. of population 15 years old to 64 years old
686+91
DR = 𝑥 100 = 49.55%
1568

The proportion of young individuals who are to be considered as

dependent (ages 0-14) was 29.25 %, while on the other hand, those proportion of

old dependents (ages 65 years and above) results to 3.88%. The proportion of

(ages 15-64) who happened to be considered as economically productive

population was 66.87%. The overall computed dependency rate is equivalent to

49.55%, which means that for every 100 individuals based on the surveyed

population in the community of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City; there

are 49 individuals who depend on those people who are working to meet their

basic needs.

The data also indicates that large numbers of individuals are economically

productive population. They are employed or working in the labor force, and

mostly those traditional/nuclear type of family in the community have at least one

person who works to supply the basic needs of their family. They depend on the

breadwinner in the family; usually the father takes this role. As a result, most

22
individuals in the community are of prone to stress related to their work, in some

unexpected cases, it might lead to accidents related to their careers.

Occupation

Table 5. Occupations frequency and percentage of people interviewed at Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Labourer 198 23.24 %
Vendor 146 17.14 %
Driver 118 13.85%
Factory Worker 67 7.86 %
Garbage Collector 67 7.86 %
Fast Food Worker 50 5.87 %
Office Worker (Private) 47 5.52 %
Businessman 39 4.58 %
Government Worker
29 3.40 %
(Public)
Maintenance/Utility 23 2.70 %
Security Guard 18 2.11 %
Overseas Filipino
11 1.29 %
Worker (OFW)
Professional Careers 11 1.29 %
Gasoline Crew 10 1.17 %
Health Care Worker 8 0.94 %
Traffic Enforcer 5 0.59 %
Beautician 5 0.59 %
Total 852 100 %

23
 Occupation
200 BEAUTICIAN
180 TRAFFIC ENFORCER
160 HEALTH CARE WORKER
140 GASOLINE CREW
120 PROFESSIONAL CAREERS

100 OFW

80 SECURITY GUARD

60 MAINTENANCE/UTILITY

40 GOVT. WORKER
BUSINESSMAN
20
OFFICE WORKER (PRIVATE)
0

Figure 5. Occupations of people interviewed at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Out of the total population of the 852 employed and self-employed

population, the majority population are labourers which is 198 individuals out of

852 population or 23.24% out of 100% most of labourers are construction

workers, masons and money collector inside public utility vehicles like jeepneys

and buses while the least ranking of occupation are traffic enforcers and

beauticians accounting 5 individuals over 852 population or 0.59% out of 100%.

24
Occupational Status

Table 6. Occupational Status of people interviewed at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig

City

Occupational Status Frequency Percentage

Employed 703 34.51%
Self-employed 149 7.31%
Unemployed 1179 57.88%
Retired 6 0.29%
Total 2037 100%

Occupational Status

34.51%

57.88%

7.31%

0.29%

Employed Self employed Retired Unemployed

Figure 6. Occupational Status of people interviewed at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan

Pasig City

The graph above shows the occupational status of the families in

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). From the pie chart it is clear that the majority of

25
the participants are unemployed with 57.88%. The employed are at 34.51%. Only

a few participants were said they were self-employed with 7.31%. And the

remaining, 0.29% of the families are retired.

It implies that the rate of unemployed individuals among the family

interviewed is greater than those who are employed that could lead to

inadequacy to maintain their health status because of less financial support on

their health and proper nutrition.

Average Income

Table 7. Percentage Distribution Showing the Average Income of Earning

Individuals, Barangay Ilugin Pinagbuhatnan Pasig City

MONTHLY INCOME FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below 1,000 26 5%
1,000-3,000 38 8%
3,000-5,000 91 18%
5,000-10,000 138 27%
Above 10,000 213 42%
TOTAL 506 100%

26
 Average Income

42%

27%

18%

8%
5%

Below 1,000 1,000-3,000 3,000-5,000 5,000-10,000 Above 10,000

Figure 7. Percentage Distribution Showing the Average Income of Earning

Individuals, Barangay Ilugin Pinagbuhatnan Pasig City

The monthly income is an important data in family assessment because it

is one of the bases if the family gets their needs or not. Since the majority of the

population of Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin), Pasig City are earning more than

10,000 pesos every month. It implies that majority of them are able to meet their

needs. They can afford the necessities like food, education and health needs.

The graph above shows the average monthly allowance of the families in

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin), Pasig City. 5% of the families earns below

1,000 pesos every month. 8% of them earns 1,000-3,000 pesos every month.

27
18% of them earn 3,000-5,000 every month. 27% of them earns 5,000-10,000

pesos every month. 42% of them earns above 10,000 pesos every month. It

shows that majority of the population earning more than 10,000 pesos every

month.

Prioritization of Expenditures

Table 8. Frequency Distribution showing the Prioritization of Expenditures of the

Families Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin Pasig City

Prioritization
Category TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6

Food 414 49 14 9 0 0 486

Shelter/Housing 17 80 100 97 97 72 463

Clothing 1 19 54 92 144 154 464

Education 12 131 101 95 55 102 496

Utilities 13 189 144 54 59 29 488

Healthcare 7 51 91 124 101 94 468

28
Table 9. Percentage Distribution showing the Prioritization of Expenditures of the

Families Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin Pasig City

Prioritization
Category TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6

Food 85% 10% 3% 2% 0% 0% 100%

Shelter/Housing 4% 17% 22% 21% 21% 16% 100%

Clothing 0% 4% 12% 20% 31% 33% 100%

Education 2% 26% 20% 19% 11% 23% 100%

Utilities 3% 39% 30% 11% 12% 6% 100%

Healthcare 1% 11% 19% 26% 22% 20% 100%

Prioritization of Expenditures
450

400

350

300
Nos. of Families

250 Prioritization 1

200 Prioritization 2
Prioritization 3
150
Prioritization 4
100 Prioritization 5
50 Prioritization 6

Category

29
 Figure 8. Prioritization of Expenditures of the Families Surveyed in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan Ilugin Pasig City

The bar graph shown above depicts the prioritization of expenditures of

508 families in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). It shows that out of 486 families,

85% of them have chosen food as their first priority of expenditures. Followed by

education and utilities, 26% out of 496 families have chosen education as their

second priority of expenditures as well as utilities that have chosen by 39% out of

488 families. The families’ third priority of expenditures is shelter/housing with a

percentage of 22% of the 463 families. Next, 26% of the 468 families have

chosen healthcare as the fourth priority of expenditures. Lastly is the clothing

with 22% out of 464 families.

The graph shows that the families’ first priority in terms of expenses is

food which got the biggest percentage while healthcare is their fourth priority. It

can be implied that most of the families in Ilugin prioritizes first the food other

than else and almost of the families can provide meal for breakfast, lunch, and

dinner. When it comes to healthcare, families do not think of it as one of their

major expenditures that needs to be prioritized.

30
Resources Allotted for Health Care

Table 10. Percentage Distribution showing the Resources Allotted for

Healthcare of the Families Surveyed, Barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin Pasig City

Resources Allotted for

Frequency Percentage
Healthcare

PhilHealth 372 47%

SSS 278 35%

GSIS 68 9%

None 25 3%

Pag-Ibig 22 3%

Medicard 19 2%

Senior Blue Card 6 1%

4 P’s 4 1%

PCSO 1 0%

TOTAL 795 100%

31
 Resources Allotted for Healthcare
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

PHILHEALTH SSS GSIS

NONE PAG-IBIG MEDICARD
SENIOR BLUE CARD 4 P's PCSO

Figure 9. Resources Allotted for Healthcare of the Families Surveyed,

Barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin Pasig City

The bar graph shown above depicts the resources allotted for healthcare

of 508 families in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). It shows that majority of

respondent has PhilHealth which accounts to 372 or 47% followed by SSS which

has 278 or 35% of the respondents. Next is GSIS which gained a no. of 68 or 9%

while 22 or 3% has PAGIBIG followed by Medicard which has 19 or 2% and the

other resources of healthcare are the Senior Blue Card which has 6 or 1%, 4P's

4 or 1%, and PCSO which has 1 or 0%. In addition, there are respondents who

do not have resources allotted for healthcare with the no. of 25 or 3%.

It implies that majority of the citizen in Barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin are

responsible, knowledgeable, and wise to utilize the allotted resources for

32
healthcare. It signifies that the residents of Ilugin are inclined with health

promotion and equipped in case of emergency.

IV. Socio – Cultural Indices

Literacy Rate

Literacy Rate among the families surveyed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan,

Pasig City

LR = No. of pop. 8 yrs. Old & Above who can read and write x 100

Total No. of pop. 8 Years. Old & Above

1959
LR = 𝑋 100
2058

LR = 95.19%

This group shows that majority of citizens in Ilugin, Barangay

Pinagbuhatan are Literate which accounts to 1959 or 95.19%, while the least is

Illiterate which encompasses 99 or 4.81% of the total population.

This implies that most of the citizens in Ilugin, Barangay Pinagbuhatan

that has the age ranging from 8 Years Old and Above can read and write,

therefore most of the population there prioritize primary education due to the

accessible and availability of the school which is the Ilugin Elementary school. It

33
also shows that citizens in Ilugin would be able to easily understand and follow

health teachings since they have a good primary education.

Educational Attainment

Table 11. Percentage Distribution Showing the Educational Attainment Among

the Families Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

Educational
Frequency Percentage
Attainment
High School Graduate 454 26.61
High School
368 21.57
Undergraduate
Elementary Graduate 274 16.06
Elementary
244 14.30
Undergraduate
College
141 8.26
Undergraduate
College Graduate 141 8.26

Out-of-School Youth 30 1.76

Vocational 25 1.47

Kinder 20 1.17

ALS 6 0.35

Pre-school 3 0.18

TOTAL 1, 706 100

34
 Educational Attainment
500

400

300

200

100

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE HIGH SCHOOL UNDERGRADUATE

ELEMENTARY GRADUATE ELEMENTARY UNDERGRADUATE
COLLEGE UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE
OUT-OF-SCHOOL YOUTH VOCATIONAL
KINDER ALS
PRE-SCHOOL

Figure 10. Percentage Distribution Showing the Educational Attainment Among

the Families Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

This graph shown above depicts the Educational Attainment of 508

families in Barangay Ilugin. The total population in the community is 1,706 in

which 26.61% of the families have attained (High School Graduate), 21.57% are

(High School Under Graduate), 16.06% are (Elementary Graduate), 14.30% are

(Elementary Under Graduate), 8.26% are (College Graduate) and (College

Under Graduate), 1.76% are (Out-of-School Youth), 1.47% are (Vocational),

1.17% are (Kinder), 0.35% are (ALS), 0.18% are (Pre-school) in the community.

According to data that we gathered it shows that the highest percentage is

High School Graduate, it means that most people in the community are High

35
School Graduate. Thus, it implies that being a High School Graduate affects

every individual perception of providing appropriate health care to their families,

being aware on the services offer in the barangay and the existence of

hazardous around them.

Next, it implies that the community has limited knowledge about the

procedures and practices should takes place when one member of the family has

illness or disease. Although, there are available health services in the barangay,

it seems that the community has limited access to the barangay as what the

interviewers revealed during the interview.

36
Religion

Table 12. Frequency Distribution Showing the Religion of Families Surveyed in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Religion Frequency Percentage

Roman Catholic 2069 88.49%

Christian 114 4.88%
Born Again 71 3.04%
Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) 44 1.88%
Protestant 11 0.47%
Seventh Day Adventist 9 0.38%
Baptist 7 0.29%
Islam 4 0.17%
Mormons 3 0.13%
Dating Daan 2 0.09%
Evangelist 2 0.09%
Atheist 2 0.09%
Total: 2338 100%

37
 Religion
2500

2000

1500

1000

500

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHRISTIAN BORN AGAIN

IGLESIA NI CRISTO PROTESTANT SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST
BAPTIST ISLAM MORMONS
DATING DAAN EVANGELIST ATHEIST

Figure 11. Percentage distribution showing the Religion of Families

Surveyed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

This graph shows that the majority of citizens interviewed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan

are Roman Catholic which accounts to 88.49% of the total population with 2069

respondents, followed by Christian that has 4.48% with 114 respondents, Born

Again 3.04% with 71 respondents, Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) 1.88% with 44

respondents, Protestant 0.47% with 11 respondents, Seventh Day Adventist

0.38% with 9 respondents, Baptist 0.29% with 7 respondents, Islam 0.17% with 4

respondents, Mormons 0.13% with 3 respondents, Dating Daan 0.09% with 2

respondents, Evangelist 0.09% with 2 respondents, and Atheist 0.09% with 2

respondents. This entails a number of differences in cultural beliefs and

practices.

Various religions in the community needs different approach from the

health workers. More effort to health management of different religions is

38
required, for specific considerations with regards to their cultural deeds. Clinical

significance of the aforementioned religions should be noted. According to

Swihart, D. (2018), Mormons may avoid drugs containing alcohol and caffeine,

and fasting is required once each month; ill people are not required to fast.

Islams are required to pray 5 times a day that makes patient not to be disturbed

on this time, they are prohibited to pork, shellfish and alcohol, their customs

prohibit handshakes or any contact between genders. Seventh Day Adventist are

vegetarians, many avoid stimulants or narcotics, and may require special

restricted diet. People’s response to health care has something to do with their

religious beliefs. This implies that cultural practices and customs have impact to

the health of the aforesaid respondents. Religion often provides spiritual

guidance as well as an emphasis on maintaining health. Thus, health care

providers should have plan of care that are aligned to the family’s beliefs and

practices.

39
Place of Origin

Table 13. Frequency Distribution Showing the Place of Origin of Families

Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) Pasig City

Place of Origin Frequency Percentage

NCR 260 51%
REGION V 69 14%
REGION III 36 7%
REGION VIII 32 6%
REGION I 24 5%
REGION VI 20 4%
REGION IV-A 14 3%
REGION II 12 2%
REGION IX 11 2%
MIMAROPA 6 1%
REGION XII 5 1%
REGION VII 4 1%
REGION X 4 1%
CAR 4 1%
ARMM 4 1%
REGION XIII 2 0%
REGION XI 1 0%
TOTAL 508 100%

40
 Place of Origin
300

250

200

150

100

50

NCR REGION V REGION III REGION VIII REGION I REGION VI

REGION IV-A REGION II REGION IX MIMAROPA REGION XII REGION VII
REGION X CAR ARMM REGION XIII REGION XI

Figure 12. Place of Origin of Families Surveyed in Barangay Pinagbuhatan

(Ilugin) Pasig City

The bar graph shown above represents the places of origin of the families

in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). It shows that 51% out of 508 families came

from Pasig. 5% is from Region I. 2% are come from Region II. 7% families are

come from Region III. 3% is from Region IV-A. 1% is from MIMAROPA. 14% of

the families comes from Region V. 4% is from Region VI. 1% is from Region VII.

6% comes from Region VIII. 2% is from Region IX. Region X is 1%. In Region XI

there is 0%. 1% comes from Region XII. 0% is from Region XIII. 3% is from NCR.

1% comes from CAR. And 1% of the families come from ARMM.

The data shows that the highest percentages of the families’ places of

origin are came from Pasig, because of the better opportunity in a job and have

the bigger salary. Having different types of people may affect them because of

41
their differences when in terms of tradition, cultures and beliefs. There is a

chance of having a conflict like misunderstandings. They are also not aware of

the programs that are implemented by the city government.

Population Movement

Table 14. Percentage Distribution showing the Length of Residency of the

Families Surveyed, Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

Length of Residency Frequency Percentage

21 – 25 years 75 15%
0 – 5 years 74 14%
16 – 20 years 70 14%
36 – 40 years 66 13%
6 – 10 years 58 11%
26 – 30 years 50 10%
41 and above 49 10%
11 – 15 years 35 7%
31 – 35 years 31 6%
Total 508 100%

42
 Length of Residency
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

21-25 years 0-5 years 16-20 years 36-40 years 6-10 years
26-30 years 41 and above 11-15 years 31-35 years

Figure 13. Percentage Distribution showing the Length of Residency of the

Families Surveyed, Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

The bar graph shown above depicts the length of residency of 508 families

in Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan. It shows that 15% are residents for about 21-

25 years, 14% are residents for 0-5 years and for 16-20 years, 13% are residents

for 36-40 years, 11% are residents for 6-10 years, 10% are residents for 26-30

years and for 41 and above years, 7% are residents for 11-15 years and lastly

6% are residents for 31-35 years.

43
 The graph shows that the highest percentage of the families’ length of

residency comes to the families that are residents for 21-25 years. It can be

implied that despite of congested area, the hazards and pollution in their

surroundings they still live for a long period of time on that place. Also, there

awareness on the health programs and cleanliness of their environment are still

unmet despite of their length of residency.

Housing

A. Type of Housing

Table 15. Percentage Distribution showing the Types of House Structure of

Families Surveyed in Brgy. Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin), Pasig City

Types of house
Frequency Percentage
structure
Mixed 314 61.81%
Wood 112 22.05%
Concrete 65 12.79%
Dilapidated 17 3.35%
TOTAL 508 100%

44
 House Structure
Mixed Wood Concrete Dilapidated

13% 3%

22%
62%

Figure 14. Types of House Structure of Families Surveyed in Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin), Pasig City

The figure above shows the construction material that is used to build the

community houses. 61.81% is made up of mixed materials; 22.05% are made up

wood; 12.79% of house furnished with concrete materials and 3.35% are made

up of dilapidated which implies the economic condition of some of the people in

this community.

Based on the interview with the families in the community having a fully

concrete house is so much expensive so they chose building with a mixed

constriction material. Enumeration materials used are mainly plywood, cement,

aggregate, metals, bricks, concrete, and wood. Especially along Phase II, Ilugin,

the location and the proximity of the houses added to the danger fire and may not

withstand if calamity like earthquake and flood should occur in the area. Ranked

45
least is the dilapidated house which also contributes to the danger to the

community, not to mention how the housing condition affects the health at the

family.

This may occur as the direct result of a hazard, such as a fire, shooting or

structural collapse, or from a crowd surge incident which may or may not be

triggered by such an emergency. Even a perceived or rumored threat can be

enough to trigger a crowd incident. Factors contributing to injury and death as

described obstructed, locked or compromised exits and entrances, overcrowding

and poor design and use of inappropriate materials.

B. House and Land Ownership

Table 16. Frequency and Percentage of House and Land Ownership in

Barangay Ilugin Pasig City 2019

Type of House
Frequency Percentage
Ownership
Owned Land and
212 42%
House
Rented 122 24%
Owned by Relatives 81 16%
Owned House 77 15%
Rented to Own 8 2%
Informal Settlers 4 1%
Total 504 100%

46
 House and Land Ownership
250

200

150

100

50

0
Informal Rent to Own Owned Houe Owned by Rented Owned Land
Settlers relatives and House

Figure 15. Percentage of House and Land Ownership in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan-Ilugin Pasig City, 2019

Based on the data gathered from the residents of Barangay Ilugin, Pasig

City, 2019, the table shows that most of the residents owns their Land and

Houses for about 212 families (42%), followed by those who is renting with 122

families (24%), third were their house was owned by a relative with 81 families

(16%) next in line were family’s houses owned with 77 families (15%), rent to

own with 8 families (2%) and lastly Illegal settlers for about 4 families (1%) out of

504 families interviewed.

Among the vast population of the residents in Ilugin, only 504 families

were chosen to become part of the study. Most of the interviewed families own

land and house which indicates that majority of the family interviewed affords to

47
buy a house and land. In addition, some families state that it was easier to own

house & land way back then than now. Although, there were areas such as the

families located at the riverside that yearns for proper housing with the help of

implementing a policy that incorporates social housing development.

A Journal conducted by Catherine Roween Almaden entitled International

Journal of Humanities and Social Science states that if it contends the

affordability in housing is to be properly and adequately addressed in the city,

there is need for policy initiatives and interventions to assist median income

earners as well as incorporate social housing as priority development policy

(Almaden, 2014). Meanwhile, the newly elected Pasig City Mayor, Vico Sotto

says that the government must help housing beneficiaries and only impose what

is in contracts instead of letting them get deep into debt as he ordered the City’s

housing that those with arrears will only pay a flat rate of 3% for every month

they missed a payment (Gotinga, 2019).

C. Ventilation

Table 16. Percentage Distribution of House Ventilation in Brgy.Pinagbuhatan

Ilugin, Pasig City

Ventilation Frequency Percentage

Well 257 51%
Poor 251 49%
TOTAL 508 100%

48
 Well and Poor Ventilation

Poor 49%
Well 51%

248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257

The figure above shows here the percentage of house ventilation. Where

in 51% are well ventilated and 49% are poor ventilated. There is a slight

difference in the percentage of ventilation, most of the people in the community

are aware about the importance of well ventilation. And some people are not

aware, 51% of the populations are well ventilated and 49% have poor ventilation

Elevated levels of carbon dioxide and low levels of oxygen can cause

fatigue and affect the family in the community to have good health condition.

Buildup of chemical and biological contaminants that cause poor indoor air

quality. Poor indoor air quality can lead to individual suffering from headaches,

fatigue, hypersensitivity and allergies, sinus congestion dizziness, shortness of

breath, coughing and nausea. Extreme temperature in the house causes fatigue,

discomfort and distraction and can increase accidents inside the house. Low

humidity can cause a dry throat, dry skin and static electricity build-up. High

humidity contributes to bacterial growth. This can make individual very sick. Poor

ventilation causes Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). The symptoms include

irritation of eyes, nose and throat, headaches, fatigue, and a susceptibility to

colds and flu.

49
 You may think that the air quality where you live isn't great, but it is often

the case that the air inside is more polluted than the air outside. A good

ventilation system will help expel a buildup of pollutants, bacteria, moisture and

nasty whiffs such as body odor Air regulation unless you have a ventilation

system in place, you have no control of the air flow in a building. Too much fresh

air can mean costly energy bills, which is why good ventilation makes perfect

sense in so many ways. Condensation can lead to mold and rotten surfaces -

something you want to avoid. Damp conditions and condensation can cause

health issues such as allergic reactions and respiratory problems for many

people.

Good ventilation will help reduce these risks. Reduce temperatures

when lots of people are in confined space, the environment can become hot and

stuffy. A ventilated room will instantly be more comfortable - making for a more

productive workplace. Indoor air pollution coupled with bad ventilation can lead to

a number of health problems including headaches, allergies, asthma, rashes and

sinusitis. All of which can be avoided with the installation of a good ventilation

system.

50
D. Overcrowding

Table 17. Percentage Distribution showing the Overcrowding of houses of

Families Surveyed, Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City as of 2019

Overcrowding Frequency Percentage

Over crowded 470 92.5%
Not crowded 38 7.5%
Total 508 100%

Overcrowding

7.5%

92.5%

Overcrowded Not overcrowded

Figure 16. Overcrowding of Houses of the families surveyed in Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan Ilugin, Pasig City

This section displays about the structure of each households’ living with

the family members present within the family. It was reflected from how many

number of rooms does the household has as it resulted to the overpopulation

members living in one house.

51
 The figure shows that most of the households in the community present

overcrowding as it reaches to 92.50% (470); while there were only 7.50% (38)

households in the community present as not-crowded living in their house with

few members in the family.

A sizeable number are overcrowded which is also a reflection on the

socio-economic status of the family which we can correlate to the tally results in

prioritization of every household in terms of food, housing, clothing, utilities,

education and healthcare, where housing falls 7th place in ranking.

For communities, inadequate shelter and overcrowding are major factors

in the transmission of diseases with epidemic potential such as acute respiratory

infection, meningitis, typhus cholera, scabies etc. (WHO, 2019)

It is very significant in every community that you have sufficient space for

every house because it can prevent or lessen the transfer of communicable

diseases and infections coming from unsanitary environment due to

overcrowding.

52
 V. Environmental Indices

Water Supply

Table 18. Frequency and Percentage on Distribution of Water Supply of Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan Ilugin, Pasig City

TYPES OF SOURCE OF
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
WATER
Nawasa 401 77%
Bottled Water 107 21%
Boiled Water 5 1%
Deepwell 4 1%
Artesian 1 0.19%
TOTAL 518 100%

Sources of Water
1% 1% 0.19%

21%

77%

Nawasa Bottled Water Boiled Water Deepwell Artesian

Figure 17. Percentage Distribution of Water Supply of Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Ilugin,

Pasig City 2019

53
 This shows the water supply of Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City. Wherein 401

(77%) of the population are using Nawasa, 107 (21%) bottled water, 5 (1%)

boiled water (1%) 4 (1%) Deep well and 1 (0.19%) are using artesian well.

Majority of the population have NAWASA as their source of water which

implies a safe source of drinking water for the residents of Barangay Ilugin.

Access to safe drinking-water is one of the most important public health

concerns in an emergency setting but the water quality usually does not meet the

standards set by the national government, specifically in urban areas. As a result,

waterborne diseases remain to be a public health concern when it comes to

drinking.

Health is wealth. Which is why, it is important that we should check if the

food and drinks we’re consuming can affect our wellness positively. We need to

know if these are safe, because we might end up contracting illness like in

barangay Ilugin some are still using deep well and artesian well which may not

be safe for drinking.

According to a Rappler interview with former Health secretary Enrique

Oña, (2016) “clear water is not necessarily safe to drink.” But if tap water is your

only choice, you can still do so as long as you purify it. When purifying, the water

should be filtered to remove any impurities that it may bring. The easiest way to

purify water is through boiling. When water is boiled, it kills the germs that you

may get if it is contaminated. Also, you can use chlorine solutions to help you

disinfect the water. The best thing to do is buy bottled water which is distilled or

54
purified. That way, you know the water has passed certain standards that make it

safe for drinking. Even though tap water can still be safe, you should take all

precautionary measures to ensure that you don’t harm yourself by drinking

contaminated water. (Advisory on safe drinking water, 2012)

Table 19. Frequency Distribution of Ways of Acquiring Water In Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan Ilugin, Pasig City 2019

WAYS OF ACQUIRING
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
WATER
OWNED 259 51%
SHARED 173 34%
BOUGHT 76 15%
TOTAL 508 100%

Ways of Acquiring Water

Bought
15%
Owned
Shared 51%
34%

Owned Shared Bought

55
 Figure 18. Frequency Distribution of Ways of Acquiring Water in Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan Ilugin, Pasig City 2019

The table and figure shows that in ways of acquiring water of the residents

in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) Pasig city 259 (51%) are owned, 173 (34%)

shared and 76 (15%) are bought.

This indicates that more than half of the population owned a line of

NAWASA while almost half of the population are either buying or sharing with

relatives. Those who have their own water supply of water have accessibility of

water for their everyday use as compared to those who are buying and sharing

water with their relatives. They spend much time and money to acquire their

water.

Almost half of the population in barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) don’t have

owned line of water because 173 (34%) are sharing with their relatives and 76

(15%) maybe because of some reasons like they don’t have enough money or

budget allotted to have their own line because maybe they think it is not that

important as long as they can survive their everyday use in sharing to relatives

and buying.

56
Table 20. Frequency Distribution of Water Storage of Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Ilugin,

Pasig City

WATER STORAGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Covered 475 94%
Uncovered 33 6%
TOTAL 508 100%

Water Storage
Uncovered
6%

Covered
94%

Covered Uncovered

Figure 19. Frequency Distribution of Water Storage of Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Ilugin,

Pasig City 2019

The table shows that 475 (94%) of water storage are covered and 33 (6%)

are uncovered.

57
 Majority of the residents are covering their water which indicates that the

water is safe and stored properly. Although 6% of the population are which not

may lead to a waterborne disease.

The presence of contaminants in water can lead to adverse health effects,

including gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and neurological

disorders. Infants, young children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people

whose immune systems are compromised because of AIDS, chemotherapy, or

transplant medications, may be especially susceptible to illness from some

contaminants. If the water is covered and of good quality to start with, in principle

it can last a thousand years. (Spilde, 2012)

Excreta Disposal

Table 21. Percentage Distribution Showing the Types of Latrine of Families

Surveyed in Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Ilugin, Pasig City

TYPES OF LATRINE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Water-sealed 428 84.25%
Flush type 76 14.96%
Pit hole 4 0.79%
TOTAL 508 100%

58
 Types of Latrine
0.79% 0%

14.96%

Water-sealed
Flush Type
Pit hole

84.25%

Figure 20. Types of Latrine of Families Surveyed in Brgy. Pinagbuhatan Ilugin,

Pasig City

Having access to sanitation is a basic human right. Without toilets,

untreated human waste can impact a whole community, affecting many aspects

of daily and ultimately posing a serious risk to health. Based on figure, 84.25%

(428) of households in Brgy. Ilugin have water-sealed toilet. 14.96% (46) of

households are flush type. 0.79% or 4 families with pit hole.

The DOH, through the National Sustainable Sanitation Plan (NSSP), has

set an ambitious target that by 2022; all barangays that are practicing open

defecation shall be declared Zero Open Defecation (ZOD) status. “But giving

away toilets alone will not solve our problem,” said Duque. “Households and

communities need to be prepared. They should also be responsible. When our

59
governors and mayors give toilets for free, household heads should also invest

their time and resources; however, limited they may be, in building their own

toilet facilities.” (Release, November 27, 2017)

Moving beyond the eradication of open defecation towards the safe

management of sanitation for all requires a continuous shift in the types of

approaches. That is, the shift from eradicating open defecation, to shared or

basic sanitation, to safely managed systems for all will need to be accompanied

by a shift in approaches from collective behavior change, towards strengthening

supply chains and improving public services. Across all of these steps there is a

need for the public regulation of the compliance of behavior, infrastructure and

services of individuals, collectives and corporations in order to protect the safety

of all concerned.

Table 22. Percentage Distribution showing the frequency of cleaning the comfort

rooms of houses of Families Surveyed, Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City

Sanitation Frequency Percentage

Everyday 415 81.69%
Once a week 61 12.00%
Twice a day 17 3.35%
Thrice a day 10 1.97%
4 times a day 3 0.59%
5 times a day 0 0%
6 times a day 1 0.20%
Never 1 0.20%

60
 Everyday

Once a week

Twice a week

Thrice a week

4 times a week

6 times a week

Never Cleaned

5 times a week

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Figure 21. Frequency of cleaning the comfort rooms of houses of Families

Surveyed, Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City

This section displays how frequently the families of the community clean

their comfort rooms. It reflected from how frequent the sanitation of comfort room

of every household that resulted in having good sanitation.

The figure shows that most of the households in the community clean their

comfort room everyday as it reaches to 81.69% (415), followed by those families

who clean their comfort room once in a week as it reaches to 12.00% (61), then

those families who clean their comfort rooms twice a week as it reaches to 3.35%

(17), subsequently those families who clean their comfort rooms 3 times a week

as it reaches to 1.97% (10), afterwards are those families who clean their comfort

rooms four times a week as it reaches to 0.59% (3), next are those families who

61
clean their comfort rooms 6 times a week as it reaches to 0.20% (1), and lastly,

are those families who does not clean their comfort room, 0.20% (1).

The DOH continues to promote the Zero Open Defecation Program

(ZODP) advocacy and health education campaign. The ZODP utilizes the

approaches and strategies of Community-Led Total Sanitation or CLTS. CLTS is

under the umbrella concept of total sanitation that includes a range of behaviors

such as stopping open defecation practices; ensuring that everyone uses a

sanitary toilet; frequent and proper hand washing; hygienic handling food and

water; safe disposal of animal and domestic waste; creation and maintenance of

a clean and safe environment.

“When our neighbors defecate in the open, in fields and waterways, our

children will more likely experience frequent bouts of diarrhea, have worm

infections, and grow up stunted and undernourished,” (Lotta Sylwander, 2017)

It is very significant in every community that in having adequate and clean

toilet facilities for every house because it can prevent or lessen the transfer of

communicable diseases and infections coming from unsanitary environment.

It can be implied that they have lower risks of transfer of communicable

diseases and infections if they clean their own toilet facilities regularly, thus

preventing the disease.

62
 Table 23. Frequency and Percentage of Location of Toilet Of Brgy. Ilugin Pasig

City

Location of toilet Total Percentage

Inside 422 84%

Outside 86 16%

Total 508 100%

16%
Inside
outside
84%

Figure 22. Percentage of location of toilet at Brngy, Ilugin Pinagbuhatan Pasig

City

This shows the location of toilet of barangay ilugin, Pasig City where in

84% of the population is using toilet inside their house and 16% of the population

has their toilet location on outside.

This means that the greater number of population has toilet inside their

houses which give them easy access to their toilet and maintain cleanliness of

their comfort room. That who have toilet outside the possible health complication

63
they may acquire is cross contamination of infection they may lead to disease

and illness (centers of disease control prevention, December 17, 2015). Result in

an unhealthy environment contaminated by human waste. Without proper

sanitation facilities, waste from infected individuals can contaminate a

community’s land and water, increasing the risk of infection for other individuals.

Proper waste disposal can slow the infection cycle of many disease-causing

agents Contribute to the spread of many diseases/conditions that can cause

widespread illness and death. Without proper sanitation facilities, people often

have no choice but to live in and drink water from an environment contaminated

with waste from infected individuals, thereby putting themselves at risk for future

infection. Inadequate waste disposal drives the infection cycle of many agents

that can be spread through contaminated soil, food, water, and insects such as

flies.

Refuse/Waste Disposal

Table 24. Percentage Distribution of Refuse/Waste Disposal Ilugin, Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Garbage/ Waste
Frequency Percentage
Disposal
Collected 443 84%
Thrown 53 10%
Hog Feeding 11 2%
Recycling 9 1.7%
Open Burning 9 1.7%
Compost pit 2 0.38%
TOTAL 527 100%

64
 Waste Disposal
90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Collected Thrown Hog feeding Recycling Open Composit pit
Burning

Figure 23: Percentage Distribution of Garbage/Waste Disposal. Ilugin, Brgy.

Pinagbuhatan Pasig, City

This shows the ways the community dispose their waste, collected as the

highest, 443 families (84%), while 53 families (10%) throw their trash, 11 families

(2%) practice Hog feeding, both recycling and open burning got 9 families (1.7%

each 2 families), and lastly (0.38%) compost pit.

Based in this result, majority of household have their waste collected

which is an acceptable means of waste disposal. In collection, municipal solid

waste is taken by truck to a lined landfill or to a transfer station (holding area)

65
where it is collected and then transported via 18-wheeler to a landfill. Municipal

solid waste is collected in several ways: 1. House-to-House: Collection every

day. The most important reason for waste collection is the protection of the

environment and the health of the population. Rubbish and waste can cause air

and water pollution. Rotting garbage is also known to produce harmful gases that

mix with the air and can cause breathing problems in people. (Municipal Solid

Waste Management & Handling Rules 2010, Chandra, et al., 2016).

10% Most of the Household waste disposal are just thrown (10%) without

a proper disposal which is common in the residence residing near the Riverside.

Due to the lack of access, and distal location of their area. Garbage and liquid

waste that end up in water bodies negatively change the chemical composition of

the water. It affects all ecosystems existing in the water, including fish and other

animals that drink the polluted water. Hazardous household waste items such as

batteries, computer equipment and leftover paints can be particularly dangerous

for surface waters (van de Klundert and Anschutz, 2015)

2% of the population of the Brgy. Illugin practice the Hog Feeding (2%) as a

method of waste disposal and management. The disposal of food waste is a

large environmental problem. Incineration and composting also produce

greenhouse gases, and wastewater from anaerobic digestion causes

eutrophication and acidification of local ecosystems (Evangelisti et al., 2014,

Salemdeeb and Al-Tabbaa, 2015, Whiting and Azapagic, 2014. Though food

waste is the archetypal pig feed, if it contains meat wastes and is not heat-

66
treated it can transmit diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease and African

swine fever. (EU et al 2010)

Only 1.7% of the major population of the Brgy. Ilugin practice the

Recycling as a method of waste/garbage. Recycling transform the wastes into

products of their own genre through industrial processing. It reduces the amount

of waste sent to landfills and incinerators. Also, one of the good benefits of

recycling is Conserves resources such as timber, water and minerals. Increases

economic security by tapping a domestic source of materials. Prevents pollution

by reducing the need to collect new raw materials and saves energy. (Paterson

2015)

1.7% also of the population at Brgy Ilugin used Open Burning as a way of

waste disposal which indicates health risks to those exposed directly to the

smoke. It especially affects people with sensitive respiratory systems, as well as

children and the elderly. In the short term, exposure to smoke can cause

headaches, nausea, and rashes. Burning waste, either in an open fire or an

incinerator, releases toxic chemicals into the air as smoke, and into the soil and

groundwater as ashes. Repeated exposures to pollutants in burn barrel smoke

may occur when people burn trash on a regular basis and this may increase the

risk of chronic health problems. (Ballados, 2016)

The least method done by the residence at the Brgy Ilugin is the Compost

pit. Only 0.38%% of the population practice this kind of method. Compost pit is

one of the oldest form of sustainable method of waste and garbage disposal this

67
only poses that majority of the population didn't know about sustainable method

of proper waste disposal. Composting is a biological process in which micro-

organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into

humus like substance helped the soil retain more of the plant nutrients. Through

composting the amount of garbage sent to the landfill is reduced, the organic

matter is reused rather than dumped, and it is recycled into a useful soil

amendment. (Rose, 2017)

Breeding Sites

Table 25. Frequency distribution showing the presence of pests in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Presences of Pests Frequency Percentage

Present 504 99.21%
No presence 4 0.79%
TOTAL: 508 100%

Presence of Rodents
0.79%

99.21%

Present No presence

68
 Figure 24. Percentage Distribution Showing the Presence of Rodents in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

The graph shows that out of the total population of 508, 99.21% (504)

reported the presence of rodents and 0.79%(4) had seen no rodents .The data

indicates that the more people in the community are aware of their presence. But

throughout the interview some people said they had not seen the rodents in thier

place. The people frequently stated that its mostly seen at home than of thier

community , because of the dogs and cats present that aides them to keeping

this rodents guarded.

The community has high results with the presence of rodents which imply

that their health is much at greater risk regarding to the viruses and bacteria that

the rodents may harbor. The environment is an external factor to health so it is

connected to how the people may interact to their presence.

Knowing first the probable cause of thier existence, apply the appropriate

preventive measures to be regulated by each individuals and their families. It will

soon contribute to the minimized risks of this rodents to the community.

69
Table 26. Frequency distribution showing the types of pests present in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Types of Rodents Frequency Percentage

Mouse 252 14.77%
Rat 285 16.71%
Cockroaches 435 25.50%
Mosquito 441 25.85%
Flies 256 15.00%
Tick 35 2.05%
Bedbugs 2 0.12%
Total 1706 100%

Types of Pests
30
Bedbug
25
Tick
20 Mouse
Fly
15
Rat
10 Cockroach
Mosquito
5

Figure 25. Percentage distribution showing the types of pests present in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

70
 The result shows among the types of pests, mosquitoes 20.85% (441) has

the highest number, cockroaches with 25.50% (435), rats with 16.71% (285), flies

with 15% (256), mouse with 14.77% (252), ticks with 2.05% (35) and bed bugs

with 0.13 % (2) from the total population of 100%(1706). It indicates that many

families are in high risk due to this type of pests causes different disease.

The presence of having the pests are harmful to the residents and to the

environment. Specifically, the mosquitoes which are present the most. The

viruses carried by mosquitoes may result to the following malaria, dengue and

elephantiasis. The Department of Health presented goals contributing its

prevention specifically to the dengue outbreak that happened. The community is

located beside the river which increases the risk in the presence of mosquitoes.

In addition to that, the stagnant waters, scattered stool of the dogs, cats and

humans also serve to be factors of the high percentage of mosquito. People

affected by the presence of these pests must practice preventive interventions.

The barangay and the health center at Pinagbuhatan is monitoring in sanitation

projects that must be a routine of every individual in the community. But due to

the results of the survey it may not be effective as we interviewed each people

suggested they need help to have this action be done.

71
 Table 27. Frequency Distribution Showing the Effect Pests to Living in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Effect to Living Frequency Percentage

50% 222 43.79%
100% 101 19.92%
Not at all 184 36.29%
TOTAL: 307 100%

Effect to Living

36.26%
43.79%

19.92%

50% 100% Not at all

Figure 26. Percentage Distribution Showing the Effect of Pests to Living in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City from 2016 to 2019

The data shows that 222 respondents (43.79%) said that the pests affect

their living with the rate of 50%, 101 respondents (19.92%) are completely

affected and 36.29% 184 respondents (36.29%) are not affected at all. Their

72
daily living constitutes many factors. They differ on how they handle their specific

situation in their homes or communities.

Their affectivity to living are only 19. 92 percent of the individuals are

disturbed by these pests. Within their community, agendas are planned but not

always met because of some short comings including the people that do not

participate. But the environment is also an external factor that contributes to the

health. For the barangay it’s their priority that needs more attention due to the

lapses that can cause harmful risk to the families and community. The Health

sanitation has begun within their project of Clean Green, but we have to deal with

the individual's responsibilities first the family and then the community. As stated

throughout the interviews, not all are active to the program and some are just

contributing to the pollution. Having this kind of Health Advocacy shall empower

first individuals then their families and later on the whole community to not just

doing but having it as a part of their daily lives.

Table 28. Frequency Distribution Showing the Kinds of Domestic Animals

Present in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Domestic Animals Frequency Percenatage

Dog 149 38.6%
Cat 102 26.42%
Bird 80 20.73%
Duck 31 8.03%
Chicken 20 5.18%
Others 4 1.04%
TOTAL 386 100%

73
 1.04%
Others

Chicken 5.18%

Duck 8.03%

Bird 20.73%

Cat 26.42%

Dog 38.60%

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00%

Figure 27. Percentage Distribution Showing the Kinds of Domestic Animals

Present in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

The graph shows that 38.6% (149) of the respondents have dog in their

homes, 26.42% (102) have cat, 20.73% (80) have bird, 8.03% (31) have duck,

5.18% (20) have chicken, and 1.04% (4) have other domestic animals which

includes rabbit and pig.

Presence of these animals may bring different effects to the respondents.

High percentage of respondents have dog at home which shows that this kind of

domestic animal may have been used for some purposes such as security. But

such high percentages for dog and cat may indicate harm. Rabies viruses are

innate to both kinds that may cause death in a worse scenario. Presence of

chicken, pig and duck also has advantage which could be a source of income,

though it is usual to attract flies when there are animals of these kinds. The smell

may also bring negative effects to the health of the people around or near these

74
animals. Moreover, safety and preventive measures must be practiced by the

owners in keeping these animals as pets or so.

Table 29. Frequency Distribution Showing the Vaccination of Dogs in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Vaccination Frequency Percentage

Unvaccinated 99 59.28%
Vaccinated 68 40.72%
TOTAL: 167 100%

Vaccination of Dogs

40.72%
59.28%

Unvaccinated Vaccinated

Figure 28. Percentage Distribution Showing the Vaccination of Dogs in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

The graph shows that more than half, comprising 59.28% (99), of the dogs

in the community are not vaccinated and 40.72% (68) of those are vaccinated.

75
 The result showing a high percentage of unvaccinated dogs in the

community can be alarming because it may bring an increase in the rate of

rabies cases if not addressed. This indicates that there is a presence of harm

among the residents regarding the disadvantages that the dogs in the community

have.

VI. Health Indices

Table 30. Frequency Distribution Showing Food Storage Facility in Barangay

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Food Storage Frequency Percentage

Covered 320 62.62%
Refrigerator 177 34.63%
Uncovered 14 2.73%
TOTAL 511 100%

Food Storage
3%

35%
62%

Covered Refrigerated Uncovered

Figure 29. Percentage Distribution Showing Food Storage Facility in Barangay

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

76
 The figure above shows that, out of 100% (511) of the population in

Barangay Ilugin, Pasig City, 62% (320) are in practice of covering or sealing as a

way of preserving their foods and 35% (177) are using refrigerator as a food

storage while about 3% (14) chose not to cover or uncover their foods.

This implies that a large number of family respondents are not at risk for

health problems. Unless, the food is uncovered or If the food is covered already

took a long, problem may arise regarding health and sanitation such as food

spoilage or contamination.

77
Health Assessment

Common Family History

Table 31. Frequency Distribution Showing the Past Illnesses and

Diseases of the Families in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Illness Frequency Percentage

Hypertension 170 25.88
Asthma 106 16.13
Heart disease 58 8.83
Diabetes 58 8.83
Tuberculosis 47 7.15
Skin disease 47 7.15
Anemia 44 6.70
Diarrhea 41 6.24
Pneumonia 37 5.63
Cancer 20 3.04
Fracture 10 1.52
Kidney disease 4 0.61
Hepatitis A 4 0.61
Hepatitis B 3 0.46
UTI 3 0.46
Amoeba 2 0.30
Hernia 1 0.15
Arthritis 1 0.15
Liver disease 1 0.15
Total 657 100%

78
 Illness
30

25

20

15

10

Hypertension Asthma Heart disease Diabetes Tuberculosis

Skin disease Anemia Diarrhea Pneumonia Cancer
Fracture Kidney disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis B UTI
Amoeba Hernia Arthritis Liver disease Total

Figure 30. Percentage Distribution Showing the Past Illnesses and Diseases of

the Families in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the past illnesses and diseases of the families of

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) Pasig City. Mostly of the families we interviewed,

had said that they had history of illnesses and diseases. 25.88% said that they

had a history of Hypertension. And the second illness/disease that got the higher

percentage is the asthma that have 16.13% and next to it is the heart disease

79
and diabetes who had the same percentage of 8.83% and the disease/illness

that got the lowest score are the liver disease, hernia and arthritis that had 0.15%

We had gathered 19 illnesses/diseases that the families of Barangay

Pinagbuhatan had history of it. And one fourth of the population of the families

had a history illness/disease of hypertension. And the least of the

diseases/illnesses we gathered are the hernia, arthritis and liver disease, which

means that most of the population of the families had no history of said diseases.

Common Illnesses

Table 32. Frequency Distribution Showing the Common Illnesses and Diseases

of the Families in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

ILLNESS/DISEASE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Fever 6 50
Flu 4 33.33
Colds 1 8.33
Tonsillitis 1 8.33
TOTAL: 12 100%

80
 8% 8%

34%

50%

Colds Fever Flu Tonsillitis

Figure 31. Percentage Distribution Showing the Common Illnesses and

Diseases of the Families in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the common

illnesses/diseases of the population of the families in Brgy. Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin).

According to the families we interviewed, the most common illness is the fever

who got 50% of the population, and flu got the 34% and the common colds and

tonsillitis who got the same 8%.

It can be said that fever is the most common illness in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) and next to it is the flu and the least common diseases are

the colds and tonsillitis.

81
Common Vices

Table 33. Frequency Distribution showing the Population of Smokers in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Frequency Percentage
Non-smoker 2160 92.11%
Smoker 185 7.89%
Total 2345 100%

Smoker
8%

Non-smoker
92%

Smoker Non-smoker

Figure 32. Percentage Distribution Showing the Population of Smokers in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the population of the smokers and non-smokers in

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). In 2345 peoples we interviewed, 92% of it said

that they are non-smokers while the 8% of it said that they are smokers.

82
 It can be implied that almost of the population of the Barangay

Pinagbuhatan are non-smokers.

Table 34. Frequency Distribution Showing the Number of Sticks of the Smokers’

Smoke in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

No of sticks per day Frequency Percentage

1-5 sticks 110 59.46
6-10 sticks 34 18.38
11-20 sticks 36 19.46
21 and more sticks 5 2.70
Total 185 100

21 and more sticks 2.7

11-20 sticks 19.46

6-10 sticks 18.38

1-5 sticks 59.46

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Figure 33. Percentage Distribution Showing the Number of Sticks of the

Smokers’ Smoke in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

83
 The data shows the number of sticks per day the smokers in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan smoke. In 185 people said they are smokers, 59.46% of is said

that they smoke 1-5 sticks per day, 18.38% of the smokers’ population said that

they smoke 6-10 sticks per day. While the 19.46% of the population said that

they smoke 11-20 sticks per day. And the left 2.7% population said that they

smoke 21 sticks or more per day.

We can conclude that more than half of the smokers’ population are

smoking just to relieve stress and they smoke controllably.

Table 35. Frequency Distribution Showing the ages of the smokers in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

AGES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES

11 and below 3 1.62
12-20 years old 149 80.54
21 and above 33 17.84
TOTAL 185 100

84
 18% 2%

80%

11 and below 12-20 years old 21 and above

Figure 34. Percentage Distribution Showing the ages of the smokers in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the ages of the smokers they start smoking in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). In 185 people said that they are smokers, 80% of it said

that they learn to smoke when they are in their 12-20 years old. 8% of the

smokers’ population said that they learn how to smoke when they are in21 or

above years old. And the remaining 2% of the smokers’ population said that they

learn how to smoke whey they are in 11 or below years old.

It shows that most of the smokers learn how to smoke in their teenager

years because this is the time when the curiosity is on the peak.

85
 Table 36. Frequency Distribution Showing the numbers of alcohol bottles per

session the alcohol drinkers’ drink in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

No. of bottles Frequency Percentages

1-5 bottles 70 44.59
6-10 bottles 87 55.41
TOTAL 157 100

45%
55%

1-5 bottles 6-10 bottles

Figure 35. Percentage Distribution Showing the numbers of alcohol bottles per

session the alcohol drinkers’ drink in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the number of the bottles the alcohol the alcohol drinkers

drinks in every session. In 157 people said that they drink alcohol, 55% said that

they drink 6-10 bottles every session and the remaining 45% of the alcohol

drinkers’ population said that they drink 1-5 bottles every time they drink.

We can tell that mostly of the drinkers’ populations are heavy drinker and

the remaining alcohol drinkers said that they drink just to help them to have a

better sleep.

86
Table 37. Frequency Distribution Showing the frequency of drinking of alcohol in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES
Once a day 30 19.11
Once a week 18 11.46
Twice a week 15 9.55
Every 2 weeks 8 5.10
Occasionally 86 54.78
TOTAL 157 100

19%

11%
55%
10%
5%

Once a day Once a week Twice a week Every 2 weeks occassionally

Figure 36. Percentage Distribution Showing the frequency of drinking alcohol in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the frequency of drinking of alcohol of the alcohol

drinkers’ population. In 157 people said that they are drinking alcohol, 55 % of

87
them said that they drink occasionally. 19% of them drink once a day. And 11%

of the drinkers’ population said that they drink once a day. 10% of the population

of alcohol drinkers said that they drink twice a week and the remaining 5% said

that they drink every 2 weeks

We can tell that half of the drinkers’ population are occasionally drinkers, if

there is an occasion they drink just to bond with their neighbours and friends.

Table 38. Frequency Distribution Showing the ages of the Alcohol drinkers in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

AGES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES

11 and below 6 3.82
12-20 years old 121 77.07
21 and above 30 19.11
TOTAL 157 100
AGES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES

88
 4%
19%

77%

11 and below 12-20 years old 21 and above

Figure 37. Frequency Distribution Showing the ages of the Alcohol drinkers in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the ages of the drinkers when they learn how to drink.

And in 157 people said that they are alcohol drinker, 77% said that they learn

how to drink alcohol when they are 12-20 years old and 19% of the drinkers’

population said that they learn how to drink alcohol when they are 21 or above

years old and the remaining 4% of the drinkers’ population said that they learn

when they are 11 or below years old.

We can conclude that mostly of the drinkers learned how to drink when

they are in their teenage years because this is the time the curiosity is at peak.

89
Table 39. Frequency Distribution Showing the numbers of drug users’ families in

Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES
Non-drug user 506 99.61
Drug users 2 0.39
TOTAL 508 100

0%

Drug users
100% Non-drug user

Figure 38. Percentage Distribution Showing the numbers of drug users’ families

in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The data shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the families

that used drugs in Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin). And in 508 families we

interviewed, 0.39% confessed that they used drugs. And the 99.61% said that

they are not using drugs.

90
 It implies that the majority of the interviewed respondents said that they

are non-drug users.

Family Planning

Table 40. Frequency Distribution showing Couples Practicing Family Planning

Methods

Family Planning Usage Frequency Percentage

Acceptor 171 33.66%
Non- Acceptor 337 66.34%
TOTAL 508 100%

34%

66%

Non- Acceptor Acceptor

Figure 39. Percentage Distribution Showing Families Who Practice Family

Planning Methods

91
 The data shows the family planning status of Barangay Pinagbuhatan

(Ilugin) Pasig City. In the 508 families surveyed, 66.34% of them said they are

Acceptor of Family Planning. While 33.66% said that they are Non- Acceptor of

Family Planning.

It can be implied that more than half of the population of the families in

Barangay Pinagbuhatan (Ilugin) are not aware of the availability of the family

planning program, and they are not inclined using it.

Methods of Family Planning

Table 41. Percentage Distribution showing what Family Planning Method is

being used by the Families Surveyed at Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Natural Methods: 32 Frequency Percentage

Withdrawal 20 62.5%
Abstinence 2 6.25%
Calendar Method 5 15.63%
LAM 5 15.63%
TOTAL 32 100%

Artificial Method Frequency Percentage

Condom 11 8.53%
Pills 57 44.19%
Injectables 30 23.26%
IUD 22 17.05%
Implantation 9 6.98%
TOTAL 129 100%

92
Permanent Method Frequency Percentage
BTL 10 100%
Vasectomy 0 0%
TOTAL 10 100%

Natural Method

16%

16%
62%
6%

Withdrawal Abstinence Calendar Method LAM

93
Implantation

Condom

IUD

Injectables

Pills

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00%
Pills Injectables IUD Condom Implantation

Permanent Method

0%

100%

BTL Vasectomy

Figure 40. Percentage Distribution Showing What Family Planning Method is

being used by the Families Surveyed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

94
 This table shows that out of 508 respondents interviewed in the Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City, 129 respondents use Artificial method such as

Condom, Pills, Injectable, IUD, and Implantation. 32 respondents use Natural

method such as Withdrawal, Abstinence, Calendar Method and LAM.10

respondents or 5.85% use Permanent method such as BTL.

This implies that Artificial method is the most common used by the

community for family planning. They tend to use this method because it is readily

accessible, cheaper in price or even free such as Pills that is commonly advised

to use to women for effective contraception even doing sex.

Table 42. Percentage Distribution Showing What Family Planning Method is

being used by the Families Surveyed, Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Methods Frequency Percentage

Temporary Method 32 18.71%
Permanent Method 129 75.44%
Natural Family
10 5.85%
Planning
Total 171 100%

95
 Methods

6% 19%

75%

Temporary Method Permanent Method Natural Family Planning

Figure 41. Percentage Distribution Showing What Family Planning Method is

being used by the Families Surveyed, Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

This table shows that out of 171 respondents answered interviewed about

family planning use in the Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City, 5.85% or 10 people

use Natural Family Planning method, 18.71% or 32 people use Temporary

method, and 75.44% or 129 people use Permanent Method.

This implies that more family use permanent method than temporary and

natural family planning because it guarantees 100% birth control.

96
Reproductive System Assessment

Preferred Place of Delivery

Table 43. Preferred Childbirth place

Preferred Place of
Number Percentage
delivery
Hospital 12 80%
Lying-in 1 13%
House 2 7%
TOTAL 15 100%

Preffered ChildBirth Place

Hospital Lying-in House

13%

7%

80%

Figure 42. Preferred Childbirth Place Distribution of 15 pregnant women

interviewed in Barangay Ilguin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

97
 The pie chart above shows the distribution of preferred place of delivery of

15 pregnant women out of 2345 population of individuals. The chart shows that

80% or 12 out of 100% of the interviewed pregnant mother preferred to give birth

on hospital, (2 out of 15) 13 % prepares the delivery to happen on house, and the

last (1 out of 15) 7% of these pregnant women preferred to delivery his child on a

lying-in center.

This finding presents the vast variety of choices mothers have during

pregnancy and is directly proportional to the mother’s preparation for their

birthing. As the chart also entails that the greater proportion of pregnant woman

preferred to have the hospital which is actually required for first time mommy’s

who need a more prompt observation or if the mother wants a more technically

equipped facility. Some even chose house despite of the risk because of the lack

of resource that would support them. Lying-in centers are of choice but the least

of them.

Preferred Birth Attendant

Table 44. Preferred Birth Attendant

Preferred Birth
Number Percentage
Attendant
Doctor 11 72%
Midwife 2 14%
Hilot 2 14%
TOTAL 15 100%

98
 Preffered Childbirth Attendant

14%

14%

72%

Doctor Midwife Hilot

Figure 43. Preferred Childbirth Attendant Distribution of 15 pregnant mother

interviewed in Barangay Ilguin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of preferred childbirth

attendance of delivery of 15 pregnant women out of 2345 population of

individuals. The chart shows that 72% (11 out of 15) of the interviewed pregnant

mother preferred to give birth on doctor, (2 out of 15) 13 % prepares the delivery

with a midwife, and the last (2 out of 15)7% of these pregnant women preferred

to deliver his child with the aid of a hilot.

The variety of attendant during labor is a real dilemma to some mothers

and different choices of different perspective usually is affected by previous

experiences or is either required, in such cases that the mother is a first timer.

Doctor’s stands alone to be the highest of choice since the trust for their

99
knowledge and skills are extremely high. Midwife, alongside the doctors are the

most common birth attendant since even though not as technically equipped as

hospitals but also performs delivery in a method of promoting facility-based

skilled. Community people also even preferred the hilot (least of number of

choice) in delivery due to lack of knowledge and awareness about service

delivery points and risks.

Infant Feeding Practice

Table 45. Types of infant feeding

Type Of Infant Feeding Number Percentage

Breast Feeding 24 51%
Bottle Feeding 7 15%
Mixed Feeding 7 15%
Powder Milk 7 15%
AM 2 4%
TOTAL 47 100%

100
 Types of infant feeding
60.00%
51.00%
50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00% 15.00% 15.00% 15.00%

10.00%
4%

0.00%
Breast Feeding Mixed Feeding Bottle Feeding Powdered Milk Am

Figure 44. Types of infant feeding distribution by 47 mothers of infant

interviewed in Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The over-all population of Barangay Ilugin Pinagbuhatan Pasig City was

2,345 individuals that include children and adults. Only 47 infant mothers had

been interviewed and participated. The types of infant feeding are Breast

feeding, Mixed feeding and Bottled feeding (includes powdered milk and Am).

Based on the data gathered, first it shows that 25% (24 out of 47) of mothers are

using the breast feeding or feeding the baby through the breast milk. Second, it

states that mixed feeding, bottle feeding and powdered milk have the same

percentage of 19% or 7 out of 47 choose to feed their baby through bottle, mixed

(breast milk and bottle) and powdered milk. Lastly, it shows that 18% (2 out of

47) of the mothers choose to feed the baby with Am.

101
 Table 46. Reason for not Breast Feeding

Reason for not Breast

Number Percentage
Feeding
Medical Reasons 0 0%
Work 4 40%
Personal Preference 6 60%
TOTAL 10 100%

Reasons for not breast feeding

0%

40% Medical Reasons

Working

60% Personal Preference

Figure 45. Distribution of Reasons for not breast feeding by 10 mothers

interviewed in Barangay Ilugin Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The total population of Barangay Ilugin Pinagbuhatan Pasig City is 2,345

individuals that include children and adults. Only 10 infant mothers had been

interviewed and participated. Based on the data that was shown, it explains that

60% (6 out of 10) of mothers says that personal preference is the reason why

102
they can’t do Breast feeding. 40% (4 out of 10) of mothers says that working is

the reason why they can’t do the breast feeding. And lastly, 0% or none of them

says that medical situations are the reason why they can’t have breast feeding.

Immunization Status

Table 47. Immunization Status of Children 0-12 months old in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

Immunization Status Frequency Percentage

Complete 21 42%
Incomplete 29 58%
Total 50 100%

42%
58%

Complete Incomplete

Figure 46. Immunization Status of Children 0-12 months old in Barangay

Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

103
 The chart above shows the immunization status of children aged 0-12

months old in Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin. It shows that 42% of children have

complete immunization while 58% of children have incomplete immunization.

The data above shows that majority of children aged 0-12 months old

have incomplete immunization. It may be implied that some mothers are lack of

knowledge about the immunization benefits and/or have negative perception on

immunization that may lead children to be at risk to health problem. It may also

have implied that some children are incomplete because they are too young to

receive the immunization.

Nutritional Status

Table 48. Frequency and Percentage of Nutritional Status

0-6 year old Frequency Percentage

Underweight 58 23%
Normal 146 57%
Overweight 31 12%
Obese 20 8%
TOTAL 255 100%

104
 Obese
Overweight 8%
12% Underweight
23%

Normal
57%

Underweight Normal Overweight Obese

Figure 47. Frequency and Percentage of Nutritional Status of Barangay

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City 2019

As interpreted on the table above, almost half the population with a range

of 0-6 years old, falls down under the category of Normal with a population of 146

and a percentage of 57%. Second, falls down under the category of Underweight

with a population of 58 and a percentage of 23%. Next to these, are Overweight

with 20 (8%), and Obese with 20 (8%).

This indicates that children with ranges of 0-6 years old, are in normal

state. It means that their age only fit or is just right for the range of their age.

Then, second largest number falls down under the underweight category, which

means that some children's Body Mass Index does not match or fit on their age.

In addition to this, this may entail that there may be problem with food specifically

food shortage in physical and financial stability. Same goes with those who fall

under overweight and obese.

105
Adult Nutritional Status

Table 49. Nutritional Status of Individual Aged 7 years old and above

7 and Above FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Underweight 182 19%
Normal 601 62%
Overweight 150 15%
Obese 41 4%
TOTAL 974 100%

Obese
Overweight 4% Underweight
15% 19%

Normal
62%

Underweight Normal Overweight Obese

Figure 48. Nutritional Status of Individual Aged 7 years old and above in

Barangay Pinagbuhatan, Ilugin Pasig City

As interpreted on the table above, almost half the population with a range

of 7 and Above, falls down under the category of Normal with a population of 601

and a percentage of 62%. Second, falls down under the category of Underweight
106
with a population of 182 and a percentage of 19%. Next to these, are Overweight

with 150 (15%), and Obese with 41 (4%).

This indicates that children range 7 years old and above, are in normal

state. It means that their age only equates or is just right for their range in age.

Then, second largest number falls down under the underweight category, which

means that some children's Body Mass Index does not match with their age.

Same goes with those who fall under overweight and obese. This implies that

many populations maintain healthy weight that is proportional with their height

which can reduce the risk for the development of diseases such as heart disease

and cancer.

Source of Health Information/Care

Table 50. Frequency and percentage of sources of health information/care

SOURCES OF HEALTH
FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
INFORMATION/CARE
Health Center 369 50%
Private Hospital 76 10%
Government Hospital 278 38%
Others 8 1%
TOTAL 731 100%

107
 400 369
350

300 278

250

200

150

100 76

50
8
0
Health Center Government hospital Private hospital others

Figure 49. Frequency and Percentage of Sources of Health Information/Care of

Brgy. Ilugin, Pasig City 2019

As interpreted on the table above, most of the people of Ilugin utilize the

Health Centers more than other health care facilities. The table shows data of

Health Centers with 369 votes, with a percentage of 50%. Second category next

to the most utilized facility is the Government Hospitals with a population of 278

and a percentage of 38%. Next is the Private Hospital with 76 in population and a

percentage of 10%.

This indicates that most visited, and utilized health care facility in the Ilugin

is the Health Center, since it is most convenient for them -- knowing the state of

their living, Health Center would be of great choice. Free medications and check-

ups are also done in here. Second, is the Government Hospital when Health

Center cannot sustain for the illness of community. Lastly, the Private Hospital

and others are said to be the least visited and utilized health care facility.

108
Health Center Programs, Awareness, and Utilization

Table 51. Breastfeeding program as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 219 43%
Aware and utilized 208 41%
Not aware, does not
81 16%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

BREASTFEEDING PROGRAM

16%

43%

41%

aware, not utilized aware & utilized not aware, did not utilize

Figure 50. Breastfeeding as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the breastfeeding program out of 2345 population of

individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 16% or 81 out of 508 of the
109
interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (208 out of 508) 41 %

knows and uses it, and the last (219 out of 508) 43% of these people are not

aware neither utilizing it.

The breast-feeding program best suits the lactating and breast-feeding

mothers, with the sum total of 209 interviewed that had utilized the program due

to their concurrent situation in which they are to breastfeed their infants,

newborn, etc. although some are aware but did not utilize because of their

present situation where they have no opportunity to utilize the program.

Table 52. Expanded Program on Immunization as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 134 26%
Aware and utilized 304 60%
Not aware, does not
70 14%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

110
 Expanded Program on Immunization

14%
26%

60%

aware & not utilized aware & utilized not aware & not utilized

Figure 51. Expanded Program on Immuniztion as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the Expanded Program on Immunization out of 2345

population of individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 14% or 70 out of

508 of the interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (304 out of 508)

60 % knows and uses it, and the last (134 out of 508) 26% of these people are

not aware neither utilizing it.

The Expanded Program on Immunization ay aims to vaccinate every child

to lessen the risk of complications of some illnesses. With the situation at Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, only a few are unaware and unable to utilize the program. On the

other hand, there were many among the totality of the population who knew

111
about the program but had no opportunity to utilize the program, maybe because

the children are already fully immunized.

Table 53. Child health as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 146 29%
Aware and utilized 262 51%
Not aware, does not
100 20%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

Child Health Program

20%
29%

51%

Aware & not utilized aware & utilized not aware & not utilized

Figure 52. Child health as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

112
 The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the Child Health program out of 2345 population of

individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 20% or 100 out of 508 of the

interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (262 out of 508) 51 %

knows and uses it, and the last (146 out of 508) 29% of these people are not

aware neither utilizing it.

Most of the families in the barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin are well informed

about the Child health program of the health center that may imply the effective

health teaching and information dissemination of the barangay health workers.

Table 54. Family Planning Awareness as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 183 36%
Aware and utilized 232 46%
Not aware, does not
93 18%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

113
 Program on Family Planning

18%
36%

46%

aware & not utilized aware & utilized not aware & not utilized

Figure 53. Percentage of Family Planning as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the Family Planning program out of 2345 population

of individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 18% or 93 out of 508 of the

interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (232 out of 508) 46 %

knows and uses it, and the last (183 out of 508) 36% of these people are not

aware neither utilizing it.

This data above implies that the effectiveness of the health center way of

teaching parents on how and why families should consider family planning

because most of the families in barangay Pinagbuhatan Ilugin have done family

planning.

114
Table 55. Diabetes Mellitus prevention program as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 154 30%
Aware and utilized 105 21%
Not aware, does not
249 49%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program

30%
49%

21%

aware & not utilized aware & utilized not aware & not utilized

Figure 54. Percentage of Diabetes Mellitus prevention program as Health Center

programs and project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the Diabetes Mellitus Prevention program out of

115
2345 population of individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 49% or 249

out of 508 of the interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (105 out of

508) 29 % knows and uses it, and the last (154 out of 508) 30% of these people

are not aware neither utilizing it.

Diabetes is a disease in which if a person diagnosed with this condition

would not control their lifestyle, could lead to complications. Everyone should be

taught of the signs, symptoms, and how to prevent someone from acquiring type

2 diabetes.

In the graph above, we could already see a potential problem, with half of

the population unaware and are not utilizing the program for the prevention of

diabetes mellitus. And only a few of the population is aware and utilizes the

program.

Table 56. Dengue Prevention as Health Center programs and project Awareness

and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 141 28%
Aware and utilized 245 48%
Not aware, does not
122 24%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

116
 Dengue Prevention Program

24% 28%

48%

aware & not utilized aware & utilized not aware & not utilized

Figure 55. Dengue Prevention as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of community people’s

knowledge and utilization of the Dengue Prevention program out of 2345

population of individuals and 508 families. The chart shows that 24% or 122 out

of 508 of the interviewed families are not aware and not utilizing it, (245 out of

508) 48 % knows and uses it, and the last (141 out of 508) 28% of these people

are not aware neither utilizing it.

In the case of Ilugin, almost half of the population are aware and utilizes

the dengue prevention program. And only 24 percent of the population are not

aware and does not utilize the said program.

117
 This implies the effective campaign of the health center about the

eradication of Dengue in the barangay because most of the families are well

informed about the dengue control program.

Table 57. Tuberculosis control as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 183 36%
Aware and utilized 142 28%
Not aware, does not
183 36%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAM

36% 36%

28%

Aware but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, does not utilized

Figure 56. Percentage of Tuberculosis control as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

118
 In the graph above, the data shows that out of 508 families 36% or 183

are familiar with the program but not been able to properly utilize the program,

next is 36% or 183 who are not well informed and does not participate, and the

last is 28% or 142 are knowledgeable enough to participate and make use of the

program.

Even though the TB is an easily spread disease through coughing, sneezing and

talking, the findings show that only 54% of the population are aware of the

program and almost a half of it utilizes the program. There are 35 percent that

are not knowledgeable about this.

Table 58. Nutrition program as Health Center programs and project Awareness

and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

PROGRAMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 141 28
Aware and utilized 255 50
Not aware, does not
112 22
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

119
 NUTRITION PROGRAM

22% 28%

50%

Aware but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, does not utilized

Figure 57. Percentage on Nutrition program as Health Center programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

In the graph above, the data shows that 50% or 255 have a common

knowledge about the program and make their kids participate, next is 28% or 141

are familiar but does not utilize this program, and the last is 22% or 112 do not

have any idea that the program is available to the families that result to them not

utilizing the program.

These findings show that 78 percent or most of the population are aware

of this program and a half of it utilizes this. This is most likely to information that

even the school requires for the children. Also, this means that 22 percent of the

population are not yet informed that this program exist in Ilugin.

120
Table 59. Rabies control as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

PROGRAMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 183 36
Aware and utilized 160 31
Not aware, does not
165 33
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

RABIES CONTROL PROGRAM

33% 36%

31%

Aware but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, does not utilized

Figure 58. Percentage on Rabies control as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

In the graph above, the data shows that 36% or 183 have a gist on what

the program is all about but unable to utilize the program, the next is 33% or 165

does not have no idea about the program resulting to inability for them to utilize

121
the program. And 31% or 160 are well informed about the program and utilizing

the said program.

These finding means that 68 percent of the population is aware about this

program and almost a half are utilizing this program. The 32 percent has no

knowledge about the present rabies control being there for a long time.

Table 60. UNDER FIVE as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

PROGRAMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 117 23%
Aware and utilized 121 24%
Not aware, does not
270 53%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

122
 UNDER FIVE PROGRAM

23%

53%

24%

Aware but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, does not utilized

Figure 59. Percentage on UNDER FIVE as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

In the graph above, the data shows that out of 508 families, 53% or 270

do not know about the under-five program, the next is 24% or 121 have an

awareness about the program and making use of it, and the last is 23% or 117

have uncommon knowledge about the program that result in cease on using this

program.

These findings mean that almost all of the population are not familiar to

the program and only a quarter of them barely know the program. Only 24% are

taking advantage of the said program, hypothetical it is because of knowledge

deficit about the program.

123
 Table 61. IMCI as Health Center programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

PROGRAMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 111 22
Aware and utilized 124 24
Not aware, does not
273 54
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

IMCI

22%

54%
24%

Aware but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, does not utilized

Figure 60. Percentage on IMCI as Health Center programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

In the graph above, the data shows that out of 508 family 54% or 273 are

not knowledgeable about what kind of program this is, thus they are not

participating to the program, the next is 24% or 124 are well informed about what

124
the program details and participated to the program, and the last is 22% or 111

are familiar but not used this program.

These finding means that there are many people who are not aware and

does not know that this exist in their barangay health center. Many are still

confused about this program and lacks knowledge to infant and child care.

Livelihood Programs, Utilizations and Awareness

Table 62. Livelihood Project as barangay programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 178 35%
Aware and utilized 198 39%
Not aware, does not
132 26%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

125
 Livelihood Program

26% 35%

39%

Aware, but not utilized Aware and utilize Not aware, Not utilize

Figure 61. Percentage on Livelihood Project as barangay programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above show the distribution of the awareness and

participation of barangay ilugin to the livelihood project. The chart show that Out

of 508 participants 39% or 198 are acknowledging the program of the barangay

and able to make use of it. For the 35% or 178 are familiar of the program but

they are not taking advantage of it. And lastly 26% or 132 of the participants said

that they are not well informed about the programs thus they cannot participate to

the program.

The findings may imply that most of the population in barangay Ilugin are

well informed about to the barangay program (livelihood project) that they can

able to use or utilize the said project. That the official can further expand the

reaching ability so that all of the people in Ilugin can be aware and have the

126
ability to utilize the program. And it can be caused by the low employment rate in

barangay pinagbuhatan ilugin.

Table 63. Clean and Green Sanitation Program as barangay programs and

project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 161 32%
Aware and utilized 269 53%
Not aware, does not
78 15%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

127
 Clean and Green Sanitation Program

15%
32%

53%

Aware, but not utilized Awre and utilized Not aware, Not utilized

Figure 62. Percentage on Clean and Green Sanitation Program as barangay

programs and project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin,

Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of the awareness and

participation of barangay Ilugin to the Clean and Green Sanitation Program as

barangay programs. The chart shows that out of 508 participants 53% or 269 are

able to recognize the program and they are practicing the program. For the 32%

or 161 are familiar to the program but cannot participate to program. And lastly

15% or 78 of the participants said that they are unfamiliar to the programs that

they are not exercising the program.

128
 This implies that most of the population in barangay ilugin are

knowledgeable to the barangay program (Clean and Green Sanitation Program),

that they are able to put it into action with the help of the barangay officials. This

entails for the need of the families to have good sanitation in their community.

Table 64. Liga/Sports Oriented program as barangay programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 223 45%
Aware and utilized 179 36%
Not aware, does not
106 19%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

Liga/Sport Oriented

19%
45%

36%

Aware, but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, Not utilized

Figure 63. Percentage on Liga/Sports Oriented program as barangay programs

and project Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig

City

129
 The pie chart above shows the distribution of the awareness and

participation of Brgy. Ilugin to the Liga/ Sports oriented program as barangay

programs. The chart shows that out of 508 participants, 45% or 223 are well

informed about the program but cannot participate to the program. For the 36%

or 179, they said that they have knowledge about the program and able to join

the program. And lastly 19% or 106 of the participants said that they do not know

that such programs exist, thus, result to inability to join the program.

This implies that most of the population in barangay Ilugin have the

knowledge to the barangay program (Liga/ Sports Oriented program) but cannot

participate to the said project. The reason behind might be the gossip about the

program among teenagers that have details about the program that spread the

information to the neighbourhood.

Table 65. Medical Mission as barangay programs and project Awareness and

Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

AWARENESS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Aware but not utilized 173 33%
Aware and utilized 260 53%
Not aware, does not
56 14%
utilized
TOTAL 508 100%

130
 Medical Missions

12%
35%

53%

Aware, but not utilized Aware and utilized Not aware, Not utilized

Figure 64. Percentage on Medical Mission as barangay programs and project

Awareness and Participation of Barangay Ilugin, Pinagbutan Pasig City

The pie chart above shows the distribution of the awareness and

participation of barangay Ilugin to the Medical Mission as barangay programs.

The graph shows that out of 508 participants 53% or 260 are well informed about

the medical missions and able to make us of the program. For the 33% or 173

are familiar of the program but not able to avail one to utilize the program. And

lastly 14% or 56 of the participants said that they are unfamiliar to the programs

and that result to the participants’ inability to make use of the program.

This implies that most of the population in barangay ilugin are

knowledgeable about the barangay program (Medical Mission) and can able to

attend the said project. And because of the efforts of the barangay health

workers in disseminating the information of the details on the medical mission.

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VII. Political and Leadership

Recognition of Authority

Table 66. Recognition of Authority of the people in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig

City

Recognition of
Frequency Percentage
Authority
Barangay Chairman 263 46%
Kagawad for Peace and
72 13%
Order and HCP
President of Home
65 12%
Owners
Tanod 55 10%
BHW 30 6%
Kagawad for Health 25 5%
Council Members 17 4%
DSWD and Kagawad for
livelihood and 6 3%
Infrastructure
Family 3 1%

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 Brgy. Chairman
300

250
Kagawad for
Peace and Order
200 and HCP

150 President of
Homeowner
100
Tanod
50

0
Brgy.
Kagawad
Chairman
for Peace and
President
Order of
andHomeowner
HCP Tanod BHW KagawadDSWD
for health
Council
and Kagawad
membersfor livelihood and
Family
Infrastructure

Figure 65. Percentage on Recognition of Authority of the people in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

According to the table and graph above it shows a significant difference

between the percentages on the recognition of authority from Barangay

Chairman with the percentage of 46% to least which is the Family with 1%.

This data indicates that if there’s a misunderstanding in the community the

authority that they seek help to is the Barangay Chairman who performs official

government duties and execute minor judicial powers as part of Barangay Justice

System, such as settling disputes between neighbors. Viewed as village elders,

they also work informally with a number of organizations to maintain peace and

order. Followed by the Kagawad for peace and order and HCP 13%, President of

home owners 12%, Tanod with10%, BHW (Barangay Health Workers) 6%,

Kagawad for Health 5%, Council Members 4%, DSWD and Kagawad for

livelihood and infrastructure 3% and lastly which is the family with 1%.

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 Despite the big gap or differences, it also shows that their neighborhood /

community recognizes and believes their respective authorities within the vicinity

to keep the peace and order within their community. This data also implies that

their Barangay Chairman provides comfort to their community and provides their

necessities accordingly like having a Lingap and many health programs that

helps the community to be active and healthy.

Utilizations of Barangay programs and services

Conditions/Issues that cause social conflicts/upheavals

Table 67. Frequency distribution showing the conditions that causes social

conflicts in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Social conflicts Frequency Percentage

Gossips 109 27.46%
Alcohol drinking 54 13.6%
Drug use 94 23.68%
Misunderstanding 29 7.3%
Gambling 7 1.76%
Theft 18 4.53%
Noise 38 9.57%
Curfew 2 0.5%
Debt 7 1.76%
Garbage management 22 5.54%
Crowd 3 0.75%
None 14 3.52%
TOTAL 397 100%

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 Gossips Drug use Alcohol drinking
Noise Misunderstanding Garbage management
Theft None Gambling
Debt Crowd Curfew

Curfew 0.50%
Crowd 0.75%
Debt 1.76%
Gambling 1.76%
None 3.52%

Theft 4.53%

Garbage management 5.54%

Misunderstanding 7.30%

Noise 9.57%

Alcohol drinking 13.60%

Drug use 23.68%

Gossips 27.46%

Figure 66. Percentage distribution showing the conditions that causes social

conflicts in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Results show that among all the gathered conditions that cause social

conflict as given by the interviewed residents, gossips is the leading cause that is

27.46%. Next to this is drug use with 23.68%, alcohol drinking with 13.6%, noise

with 9.57%, misunderstanding with 7.3%, garbage management with 5.54%, theft

with 4.53%, some said there’s none with 3.52%, both gambling and debt with

1.76% each, crowd with 0.75%, and curfew with 0.5%.

It can be implied that the residents do not have unity and cooperation.

They lack to support each member of their community. They seem to be afraid all

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the time because of the rampant drug use. It also shows that the community

needs further understanding on how to properly segregate their garbage;

gambling and theft is present that contributed to the social conflicts.

Conditions Leading to Social Unification/Bonding

Table 68. Frequency of Conditions Leading to Social Unification in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Conditions Leading to
Frequency Percentage
unification
Birthday 128 25%
Christmas 99 20%
Events/Progrmas/Meetings in
96 19%
Brngy.
Fiesta 81 16%
Typhoon 35 7%
Lingap 32 6%
None 17 3%
Boodle Fight 11 2%
Fire Incident 10 2%

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 Fire Incident 10
Boodle Fight 11
None 17
Lingap 32
Typhoon 35
Fiesta 81
Events/Programs/Meetings in Brngy. 96
Christmas 99
Birthday 128

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Figure 67. Percentage of Conditions Leading to Social Unification in Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

The graph and table above shows about the conditions leading to social

unification of Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Paig City. Birthdays comes first with the

percentage of 25% (128), followed by Christmas with 20% (99),

Events/Meetings/Programs in Brgy 19% (96) and Fiesta with 16% (81). These

conditions do not have a wide gap between them and it seems like people at

Ilugin loves to celebrate together with their family and neighbour that clearly

shows on the data above.

They also answered some unexpected events such as Typhoon with 7%

(35), and a fire incident with 2% (10) of the population. This can imply that even a

tragedy can bring peace and unity to their residence. We are usually a divisive

people but when tragedy strikes, we set aside our cultural, political differences

and show unity and compassion. Spirit of communal unity or effort to achieve

137
particular objective or purpose. Filipinos have displayed the bayanihan spirit

since time immemorial (Velasco & Todcor, 2018).

These data suggest that Filipinos loves to celebrate or to be festive as

their way of uniting and even if there is an incident or calamity, this can’t stop

people from having a good and unified community.

Practices/Approaches effective in settling issues and concerns within the

community

home owners
2%

tanod
16%
Pnp
14% lupong
tagapamayapa
68%

lupong tagapamayapa Pnp tanod home owners

Figure 68. Effectiveness of approaches in settling issues within the Ilugin,

Pinagbuhatan, Pasig City

Based on the data that we have gathered, 345 people or 68% of the

population said that the “lupong tagapamayapa” is the most effective in settling

issues while 80 people or 16% of the population said that “tanod” or security

138
force was the most effective in settling issue while 73 people or 14% of the

population also said that the “PNP” was the most effective for them and the least

was the “home owners” answered by 10 people or 2% of the population.

Lupong tagapamayapa gained the highest in terms of most effective

person in settling issues in the community. They are the ordinary people from

Ilugin that are being assigned by the brgy. officers to promote peace in the area.

Based on the result and from the people of Ilugin, Lupong Tagapamayapa are

always accessible and available for them that’s why Lupong Tagapamayapa top

as being the most effective in settling issues.

While the least effective are the homeowners which is only 2%. Familiarity

among the community might be the one reason that prevents them to be

effective.

139
Perceived Problems in the Community

Table 69. Perceived problems of people in Ilugin, Pasig city

Social and Discipline 196 41%

Illegal 135 32%
Political 106 22%
Environment 20 4%
Health 15 3%
Total 472 100%

Health-4
3% Problems
Environment-20
4%

Political-106
Illegal-135 22%
29%

Socail Discipline-
196
42%

Political-106 Socail Discipline-196 Illegal-135 Environment-20 Health-4

Figure 69. Percentage of Perceived problems of people in Ilugin, Pasig city

A larger percentage was scored in the category of social and

discipline which is a 196 or 41 % of the respondents while the next are illegal

crimes made up of 135 or 32 % of the share. Political problems are 106 and 22%

on the political issue which brings us back to environment with 20 people or 4 %

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and 4 people or 3 % appeared which is the smallest score for the perceived

problem.

Table 70. Frequency Distribution Showing the Perceived Solution of the Families

Surveyed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

Classification Frequency Percentage

Social Discipline 164 34.75%
Political 146 30.93%
Illegal / Crimes 105 22.25%
Environmental 53 11.22%
Health 4 0.85%
Total 472 100%

Health

Environmental 53
Social Discipline
Political
Illegal/Crimes 105
Illegal/Crimes
Environmental
Political 146 Health

Social Discipline 164

0 50 100 150 200

Figure 70. Percentage distribution showing the Perceived Solution of the

Surveyed in Ilugin, Pinagbuhatan Pasig City

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 Majority of the respondents perceives social discipline as a solution that

accounts 164 respondents which is 34.79% of the population. Next to it, is the

political solution that has 140 respondents which is 30.93% of the population,

Illegal/Crime related solution that has 105 respondents which is 22.25% of the

population, environmental-related solution that has 53 respondents which is

11.22% of the population, health related solution that has 4respondents which is

0.85% of the population.

The information above matches the data on the perceived problems

presented on the previous discussion. The social discipline has the majority of

concern, of the members of community. The respondents answered that

guidance of parents, proper teaching of attitude to the bystanders on the street,

strict monitoring of children, can be the solution of their problem on social

discipline, specifically; gossips, alcohol drinking, loud voice while playing,

bystanders blocking the way of the people and vehicles and quarrels in front of

neighbor’s house.

VIII. Summary and Conclusion

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