Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model for Point Source

Do not change any blue colored numbers

Step 1 Determination of stability class
Stability classes
Day
Incoming Solar Radiation
Surface wind at 10m, m/s
Strong Moderate Slight

Range 1 2 3
<2 A A-B B
2-3 A-B B C
3-5 B B-C C
5-6 C C-D D
>6 C D D

Step 2 Calculation of wind speed at stack Height

p
zs
Formula

Inputs
us = u za ()
za
1 Value of exponent, p 0.07
2 Anemometer height (za , m) 10
3 Stack height (zs, m) 80
4 Wind speed at za (uza, m/s) 4
Output
1 Wind speed at zs (us, m/s) 4.6267527

Step 3 Plume rise: different empirical formula

Method 1 CONCAVE modified for TVA

π d s2 V s P Mw
Qh = C (T − T )
4 Ru T s p s a
 Qh
0 . 444 π d s2 V s P Mw
Δh = 4 . 71 Qh = C (T − T )
u 0.s 694 4 Ru T s p s a
Inputs
1 Molecular weight of flue gas (Mw) 64.00
2 Stack diameter (ds, m) 4.00
3 Flue gas exit velocity (Vs, m/s) 14.00
4 Temperature of flue gas (Ts, K) 363.00
5 Ambient Temperaure (Ta, K) 298.00
6 Atmospheric Pressure (P, atm.) 1.00
7 Wind speed at stack height (us,m/s) 5.65
Output
1 Heat emission rate (Qh, kj/s) 24692.22
2 Plume rise (Dh,m) 126.30

Method 2
Unstable or Neutral atmospheric conditions
Class A, B, C and D T s −T a
Buoyancy flux (Fb, m4/s3) Fb = g V s d 2s
( Ts )
Fb < 55 Fb > or = 55

1 /3 2 /3
(DT)c = ( ΔT ) c = 0 . 0297 T s
Vs (DT)c = ( ΔT ) = 0 . 00575 T V s
c s 1/3
d 2/3
s ds
DT = ΔT =( T s −T a ) DT = ΔT =( T s −T a )

1. If DT <(DT)C (momentum dominated) 1. If DT <(DT)C (momentum)

Vs Vs
Plume rise (Dh) = Δh = 3 d s Dh = Δh = 3 d s
us us

2. If DT> or = (DT)C (Buoyancy) 2. If DT> or = (DT)C (Buoyancy)

 3/ 4
F F 3/5
Plume rise (Dh) = Δh = 21 . 427 b Dh = Δh = 38 . 71
b
us us

For each case effective height (H, m) = H = Δh + hs

oint Source

Stability classes
Night
Cloud cover
Thinly overcast Mostly clear
(>or 50%, low cloud) (< or = 3/8)
4 5
G G
E F
D E
D D
D D

Value of exponent p in formula

Stability category Rural exponent Urban exponent
A 0.07 0.15
B 0.07 0.15
C 0.1 0.2
D 0.15 0.25
E 0.35 0.3
F 0.55 0.3
ns Stable atmospheric condition (E and F)

Stability class E Stability class F

( ΔT )c = 0 .019582 T s V s √ s ( ΔT )c = 0 .019582 T s V
(DT)c = (DT)c =
∂ θ/ ∂ z 0. 035
s=g =g
Ta Ta
DT =
Vs
2 /3 ΔT =( T s −T a )
) c = 0 . 00575 T s DT = ΔT =( T s −T a )
d 1/3 Ts −
T = ( T s −T a )
s Momentum flux
Fm = V 2s d 2s
Ta
( )
4 Ts
Buoyancy flux (Fb, m4/s3)
Fb = g V s d 2s
( Ts
1. If DT <(DT)C (momentum) 1. If DT <(DT)C (momentum)
(momentum) 1 /3
Fm 1 /3

( √)
C
Fm

Vs
Dh = Δh = 1 .5
us s
Pick
smaller
value
Dh = Δh = 1 .5
( √)
us s
= 3 ds or (Dh) Vs or Dh Vs
us Δh = 3 d s Δh = 3 d s
us us
2. If DT> or = (DT)C (Buoyancy) 2. If DT> or = (DT)C (Buoyancy)
(DT)C (Buoyancy) Dh = Dh = 1/3
Fb
( )
1/3
Fb
Δh = 2 .6
( )
us s
Δh = 2 .6
us s
 1/3
Fb
( )
1/3
Fb
= 38 . 71
F 3/5
b
us
Δh = 2 .6
( )
us s
Δh = 2 .6
us s
an exponent
0.15
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.3
bility class F

( ΔT ) c = 0. 019582 T s V s √ s
∂ θ/ ∂ z 0. 035
s=g =g
Ta Ta
ΔT =( T s −T a )
T s −T a
Fb = g V s d 2s
( Ts )
T)C (momentum)
1 /3
Fm
= 1 .5
( √)
us s Pick
smaller
value
Vs
= 3 ds
us
= (DT)C (Buoyancy)

1/3
Fb
= 2 .6
( )
us s
 1/3
Fb
= 2 .6
( )
us s
Step 4 Calculation of s y and s z

Following calculation is for Urban condition

Graphs are alternative for both Urban and Rural condition

Input
1 Downwind distance (X,m) 1,000.00
Outputs
Stability class
A B C D E F
1 sy (m) 270.449 270.449 185.9339 135.225 92.967 92.967
2 sz (m) 339.411 339.411 200 70 20 20
tion

Formulae McElroy-Pooler (URBAN CONDITION)

Stability sy sz
A 0.32X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.24X (1.0+0.001 X)1/2
B 0.32X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.24X (1.0+0.001 X)1/2
C 0.22X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.20 X
D 0.16X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.14X (1.0+0.003 X)-1/2
E 0.11X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.08X (1.0+0.015 X)-1/2
F 0.11X (1.0+0.0004 X)-1/2 0.08X (1.0+0.015 X)-1/2
 Gaussian Dispersion Model (with 100% reflection)

[ ( )] { [ ]
2 2
Q y (z − H)
C (x, y, z; H ) = Exp − 2 E xp − 2
2 π us σ y σ z 2 σy 2 σz
A1 A2
Please do not change any blue colored numbers

C(x,y,z,H) = A1*A2(A3+A4)
Result 1: Concentration C (mg/m3) at different vertical level (Z), cross wind Y and the down

X (m) sy (m) sz (m) y (m)

Inputs
1,000.00 270.00 339.00 0.00
A1 A2 A3 A4
1 z0= 0.00 61.55129598 1 0.8908343342 0.89083433
2 z1= 50.00 61.55129598 1 0.9459594689 0.82086869
3 z2= 150.00 61.55129598 1 0.9992649825 0.65295636
4 z3= 132.00 61.55129598 1 0.9958275956 0.68479917
5 z4= 200.00 61.55129598 1 0.9940614378 0.56366085
6 z5= 250.00 61.55129598 1 0.9676050143 0.47610629
7 z6= 300.00 61.55129598 1 0.9215848343 0.39349778
8 z7= 400.00 61.55129598 1 0.783189243 0.25181176
9 z8= 600.00 61.55129598 1 0.435669752 0.07942758
10 z9= 800.00 61.55129598 1 0.1711139082 0.01768903
11 z10= 1000.00 61.55129598 1 0.0474515519 0.00278147
 Result 2: Ground level (Z=0) concentration C (mg/m3) at different crosswind distan

[ ( )] { [ ] [ ( z − H )2
2
Q y (z + H
C (x, y, z; H ) = Exp− 2 E xp − 2
+ Exp − 2
2 π us σ y σ z 2 σy 2 σz 2σ z

X (m) sy (m) sz (m)

Inputs
1,000.00 270.00 339.00
1.00
y A1 A2 A3
1 y0= 0.00 61.55129598 1 0.89083433
2 y1= 400.00 61.55129598 0.3337397805 0.89083433
3 y2= 900.00 61.55129598 0.0038659201 0.89083433
4 y3= 500.00 61.55129598 0.1800217431 0.89083433
5 y4= 750.00 61.55129598 0.0211096565 0.89083433
6 y5= 1000.00 61.55129598 0.0010502673 0.89083433
7 y6= 1500.00 61.55129598 1.98575E-07 0.89083433
8 y7= 2000.00 61.55129598 1.216745E-12 0.89083433
9 y8= 2500.00 61.55129598 2.416151E-19 0.89083433
10 y9= 4000.00 61.55129598 2.191783E-48 0.89083433
11 y10= 6000.00 61.55129598 5.84514E-108 0.89083433
conc 6E-106 2.4036E-46 2.64965E-17 1.334331E-10 2.1777E-05
y 6000.00 4000.00 2500.00 2000.00 1500.00

Result 3 Calculating maximum concentration at ground level

C us
( ) Q max
= Exp [ a + b ln H +c ( ln H )2 + d ( ln H )3 ]

Input Efective height (H, m) 163

Emission rate (Q,g/s) 100
Wind speed (us,m/s) 5.65
Example of output for class A
[CUs/Q]max = 9.02481E-06 Go to graphs to find XCmax
 Stability class Cmax (mg/m3)
A 159.7312295
B 113.398763
This is demonstration of
C 93.40195697 Qmax for diferrent cases. Do
D 43.99594831 not touch these boxes to
change data
E 23.74048629
F 7.499158631

Alternatively the value of [CUs/Q]max can be read from graph

Result 4 Alternative method for estimation of X Cmax

H
σz =
√2
Input Effective height (H,m) 163

Output sz = 115.2584053 m

"After calculating sz find XCmax from the graph sigma Z vs. X

for the specified stability class"

Xmax = 400 m (for class D)

 0% reflection)

{ [ ] [ ]}
2 2
(z − H) (z + H)
E xp − 2
+ Exp − 2
2 σz 2σ z
A3 A4

Z), cross wind Y and the downwind distance X of

H (m) Q (g/s) us (m/s)

163.00 200.00 5.65
Ve rtic a l d ista n c e (z ,m )

Conc Plot
109.664016 conc z
108.750563 109.66401554 0.00
101.696365 108.75056295 50.00
Vertical distribution of conc.
103.444755 101.69636473 150.00
1200.00
95.8798259 103.44475544 132.00
1000.00
88.8623019 95.879825887 200.00
800.00
80.9450395 88.8623019007 250.00
600.00
63.7056531 80.9450395193 300.00
400.00
31.7049086 63.7056531409
200.00
400.00
11.6210652 31.7049085966 600.00
0.00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
3.09190731 11.6210652448 800.00
Conc (mg/m3)
3.091907314 1000.00
at different crosswind distances Y, at the downwind distance X of

] [ ]}
2
z − H) ( z + H )2
2
+ Exp − 2
2 σz 2σ z

z (m) H (m) Q (g/s) us (m/s)

0.00 163.00 Cros s wind dis tanc e (y,m ) 200.00 5.65

A4 Conc, ug/m3
0.89083433 109.664016
0.89083433 36.5992445 Crosswind distribution of concentration

0.89083433 0.42395233 8000.00

0.89083433 19.7419072 6000.00

0.89083433 2.31496969 4000.00

2000.00
0.89083433 0.11517653
0.00
0.89083433 2.1777E-05 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-2000.00
0.89083433 1.3343E-10 -4000.00
0.89083433 2.6496E-17 -6000.00

0.89083433 2.4036E-46 -8000.00

conc. (mg/m3)
0.89083433 6.41E-106
0.115176531 2.31496969 19.7419072289 0.4239523 36.5992 109.664 36.5992 0.42395
1000.00 750.00 500.00 900.00 400.00 0.00 -400.00 -900.00

ound level

Note: here [CUs/Q] max is calculated for A only. For other classes,

Coefficients

Stability class
 Stability class

a b c d
A -1.0563 -2.7153 0.1261 0
B -1.806 -2.1912 0.0389 0
onstration of
errent cases. Do C -1.9748 -1.998 0 0
ese boxes to D -2.5302 -1.561 -0.0934 0
E -1.4496 -2.591 0.2181 -0.0343
F -1.0488 -3.2252 0.4977 -0.0765
 19.74191 2.31497 0.1151765 2.178E-05 1.334E-10 2.6496E-17 2.4036E-46 6.41E-106
-500.00 -750.00 -1000.00 -1500.00 -2000.00 -2500.00 -4000.00 -6000.00

For other classes, not shown the value