5-50 API STANDARD 650

5.8.2 Bottom Connections

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Connections to the tank bottom are permitted subject to agreement between the Purchaser and the Manufacturer with respect to
details that provide strength, tightness, and utility equal to the details of shell connections specified in this Standard.

5.8.3 Cover Plates

5.8.3.1 Unreinforced openings less than or equal to NPS 2 pipe size are permissible in flat cover plates without increasing the
cover plate thickness if the edges of the openings are not closer to the center of the cover plate than one-fourth the height or diam-
eter of the opening. Requirements for openings NPS 2 pipe size and smaller that do not satisfy the location requirement and for
larger reinforced openings are given in 5.8.3.2 through 5.8.3.4.
5.8.3.2 Reinforced openings in the cover plates of shell manholes and flush-type clean outs shall be limited to one-half the
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diameter of the manhole or one-half the least dimension of the flush-type clean out opening but shall not exceed NPS 12 pipe size.
The reinforcement added to an opening may be a reinforcing plate or an increased thickness of the cover plate, but in either case,
the reinforcement shall provide an added reinforcing area no less than the cutout area of the opening in the cover plate.
A cover plate with a nozzle attachment for product-mixing equipment shall have a thickness at least 1.4 times greater than the
thickness required by Tables 5-3a and 5-3b. The added thickness (or pad plate) for replacement of the opening cutout in the cover
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plate shall be based on Tables 5-3a and 5-3b. The 40% increase in thickness within a radius of one diameter of the opening may be
included as part of the area of replacement required. The mixer-nozzle attachment to the cover plate shall be a full-penetration
08 weld. The manhole bolting-flange thickness shall not be less than 1.4 times the thickness required by Tables 5-3a and 5-3b The
manhole nozzle neck shall be designed to support the mixer forces with a minimum thickness not less than the requirements of
08 Tables 5-4a and 5-4b without comparison to the increased bolting-flange thickness noted in this section.
5.8.3.3 When cover plates (or blind flanges) are required for shell nozzles, the minimum thickness shall be that given for
08 flanges in Tables 5-8a and 5-8b. Reinforced openings in the cover plates (or blind flanges) of shell nozzles shall be limited to one-
half the diameter of the nozzle. The reinforcement added to an opening may be an added pad plate or an increased thickness of the
cover plate, but in either case, the reinforcement shall provide an added reinforcing area no less than 50% of the cutout area of the
opening in the cover plate. Mixer nozzles may be attached to cover plates.
5.8.3.4 Openings in the cover plates of flush-type cleanout fittings shall be located on the vertical centerline of the cover plate
09 and shall be in accordance with 5.8.3.1 and 5.8.3.2. Adequate provisions should be made for free movement of connected piping
to minimize thrusts and moments on the cover plate to 2225 N (500 lbs) and 60 N-m (500 ft-lbs). Analysis or load leak test may
be used to accept greater loads or moments.
5.8.3.5 Shell manhole covers shall have two handles. Those covers weighing more than 34 kg (75 lb) shall be equipped with
07 either a hinge or davit to facilitate the handling of the manhole cover plate. The davit support arm shall not be welded directly to
the shell without a reinforcing plate.

5.8.4 Roof Manholes

Roof manholes shall conform to Figure 5-16 and Tables 5-13a and 5-13b. The effects of loads (other than normal personnel
access) applied at the roof manhole and supporting roof structure shall be considered. Examples of such loads may include fall
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protection anchorage, hoisting, or personnel retrieval. The roof structure and plate around the manhole shall be reinforced as
necessary.

5.8.5 Roof Venting

5.8.5.1 Tanks designed in accordance with this Standard and having a fixed roof shall be vented for both normal conditions
(resulting from operational requirements, including maximum filling and emptying rates, and atmospheric temperature changes)
and emergency conditions (resulting from exposure to an external fire). Tanks with both a fixed roof and a floating roof satisfy
these requirements when they comply with the circulation venting requirements of Appendix H. All other tanks designed in
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accordance with this Standard and having a fixed roof shall meet the venting requirements of 5.8.5.2 and 5.8.5.3.
5.8.5.2 Normal venting shall be adequate to prevent internal or external pressure from exceeding the corresponding tank design
pressures and shall meet the requirements specified in API Std 2000 for normal venting.

• 5.8.5.3 Emergency venting requirements are satisfied if the tank is equipped with a weak roof-to-shell attachment (frangible joint)
in accordance with 5.10.2.6, or if the tank is equipped with pressure relief devices meeting the requirements specified in API Std
 WELDED TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE 5-51

08 16-mm (5/8-in.) diameter bolts in 20-mm (3/4 in.)

diameter holes (see Tables 5-13a and 5-13b for number
of bolts; bolt holes shall straddle centerlines)

A 150 mm (6") A

6 mm (1/4") cover plate

150 mm (6")

6 mm (1/4")
cover plate 6 mm
(1/4")
DC
DB 6 mm (1/4")
16 mm (5/8")
diameter rod 5 mm (3/16")

Alternative Flange Detail

75 mm (3") 150 mm
(6")
1.5 mm (1/16") 6 mm (1/4")
thick gasket

Reinforcing plate Axis always or 150 mm (6") min

1
vertical
6 mm ( /4") 6 mm (1/4") 5 mm (3/16")
6 mm (1/4")

ID
Roof plate
DP
DR

SECTION A-A—ROOF MANHOLE WITH REINFORCING PLATE

Alternative Neck-to-
Roof-Plate Joint

6 mm (1/4")
6 mm (1/4")

Roof plate
ID
DP

BASE FOR ROOF MANHOLE WITHOUT REINFORCING PLATE

08 Figure 5-16—Roof Manholes (See Tables 5-13a and 5-13b)

 5-52 API STANDARD 650

Table 5-13a—(SI) Dimensions for Roof Manholes (mm)

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Column 8 Column 9
Diameter of
Hole in Roof Outside
Diameter Diameter Plate or Diameter of
Diameter of Cover of Bolt Diameter of Gasket Reinforcing Reinforcing
Size of of Neck Plate Circle Number Plate Plate
Manhole IDa DC DB of Bolts Inside Outside DP DR
500 500 660 597 16 500 660 524 1050
600 600 762 699 20 600 762 625 1150
aPipe may be used for neck, providing the minimum nominal wall thickness is 6 mm (ID and D shall be adjusted accordingly.)
p
Note: See Figure 5-18.

Table 5-13b—(USC) Dimensions for Roof Manholes (in.)

08
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Column 8 Column 9
Diameter of
Hole in Roof Outside
Diameter Diameter Plate or Diameter of
Diameter of Cover of Bolt Diameter of Gasket Reinforcing Reinforcing
Size of of Neck Plate Circle Number Plate Plate
Manhole IDa DC DB of Bolts Inside Outside DP DR
20 20 26 231/2 16 20 26 205/8 42

24 24 30 271/2 20 24 30 245/8 46
aPipe may be used for neck, providing the minimum nominal wall thickness is 1/ in. (ID and D shall be adjusted accordingly.)
4 p
Note: See Figure 5-18.

2000 for emergency venting. When pressure relief devices are used to satisfy the emergency venting requirements, they shall achieve
the flow rates specified in API Std 2000 without exceeding the following limits on internal pressure:
a. For unanchored tanks, the pressure relief devices shall be adequate to prevent internal pressure from exceeding the tank design pres-
sure as determined in F.4.1 (subject to the limitations in F.4.2 and F.4.3, as applicable). In calculating limitations per F.4.2, use M = 0.
b. For anchored tanks, except those designed to F.1.3, the pressure relief devices shall be adequate to prevent internal pressure
from exceeding the tank design pressure as determined in F.4.1 (subject to the limitations in F.4.3, as applicable).
c. For tanks designed to F.1.3 (anchored tanks), the pressure relief devices shall be adequate to prevent internal pressure from
07 exceeding the design pressure specified by the Purchaser.
• 5.8.5.4 The filling and emptying rates are specified on the Data Sheet, Line 7. See the Data Sheet, Table 3 for venting devices,
which shall be specified by the Purchaser and verified by the Manufacturer.
5.8.5.5 Corrosion-resistant coarse-mesh bird screens (13 mm [1/2 in.] nominal openings) shall protect all free vents.
08 5.8.5.6 Flanged roof nozzles shall conform to Figure 5-19 and Tables 5-14a and 5-14b. Slip-on flanges and weld neck flanges
shall conform to the requirements of ASME B16.5 for Class 150 plate-ring flanges shall conform to all of the dimensional
requirements for slip-on welding flanges with the exception that it is acceptable to omit the extended hub on the back of the slip-
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on or weld neck flanges. Raised face flanges shall be provided for nozzles with attached piping. Flat face flanges shall be pro-
vided for roof nozzles used for the mounting of tank accessories.

08 5.8.5.7 Threaded roof nozzles shall conform to Figure 5-20 and Tables 5-15a and 5-15b.
5.8.6 Rectangular Roof Openings
5.8.6.1 Rectangular roof openings shall conform to Figures 5-17 and 5-18 and/or this section. The effects of loads (other than
normal personnel access) applied at the roof opening and supporting roof structure shall be considered. Examples of such loads
08
may include fall protection anchorage, hoisting, or personnel retrieval. The roof structure and plate around the opening shall be
reinforced as necessary.