CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT

THESIS REPORT - 2016

SUBMITTED BY-
MOKSHIKA BALANA
B.ARCH 10THSEM.
ROLLNO. 2011-ARA- 237
DEPARTMENT OF
ARCHITECTURE,
GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY,
CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT
 CONTENTS PG NO.
2-7
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION
1. Introduction
2. Validity
3. Aims and Objectives
4. Scope of project
5. Methodology
8-19
CHAPTER – 2 LIBRARY STUDY
CHAPTER – 3 CASE STUDIES AND LITERATURE STUDY
1. NEHRU PLACE , NEW DELHI
20-38
2. SAKET DISTRICT CENTER, NEW DELHI
3. Literature study 39-56
BHIKHAJI CAMA
57-63
CHAPTER-4 PROJECT BRIEF
4.1 Site Analysis 64-74
4.2 Design Criteria
4.3 Area Requirements

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 2

 SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION

Central Business District serves as a focal point for the city, providing a major retail and commercial services. It
maintains a special cultural status as historic centre of the city as well as serving as a community centre for the
surrounding region. It also maintains a pedestrian oriented character

 CHARACTERISTICS OF C.B.D  The shape and type of a CBD almost

 geographical land use patterns different always closely reflects the city's history.
from the surrounding area C.B.D. Provides economically viable
 Low residential population commercial areas which provide a range of
Open spaces for recreation

 High concentration of public buildings community business and service activities.

and offices.
 High rise buildings to maximize land use
Distinct land use patterns different from Skyline due to high-rise towers

surrounding areas.
Different land use within multi storey blocks
Concentration of retailing
 MAJOR CONCEPT REVOLVE IN C.B.D.
Pedestrian friendly
1) Role as public open space
2) Architectural characteristics
3) Role as the business

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 3

 SYNOPSIS
VALIDITY

ACCORDING TO MASTER PLAN OF AMRITSAR

Considering the nature and context of trade and its relationship with city and its activities , its proposed to shift wholesale food
grain trade presently being carried out at bhagatanwala outside
the city.
 SHIFTING GRAIN MARKET :-
 will help in minimizing the traffic congestion caused by influx of large number of vehicles.
 Considering the close proximity of bhagatanwala gate to walled city, it is proposed to develop the land as city market with
office spaces , retail markets ,eating joints and serve as market for tourist recreation .

KEY ISSUES FOR NEED

 The markets of the walled city are highly congested and have high density.
 Due to absence of adequate parking and organized commercial area the movement in these areas has been
hampered.
 The narrow streets and road encroachments have further degraded the aesthetic and potential of the area.
 This has affected the trade of the markets and thus their existence.
 No market is dedicated to selling of traditional industrial products of the city, like shawls, to achieve good
marketing of traditional products of the city.
 No commercial complex for banking, insurance and share market exists in the city

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 4

 SYNOPSIS
PROJECT BRIEF

The project CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT in AMRITSAR, PUNJAB that

would provide access to major commercial and retail services for the city. It would
form the node for holding and experiencing commercial, cultural and social
activities .
GENERAL FUNCTIONS
The main components of district centre are
• Commercial components
•Cultural components
• Recreational components
 SITE BRIEF
The proposed site for district center is located
at GRAIN MARKET,BHAGTANWALA GATE .
 SITE CONNECTIVITY
The proposed site for district center is
approached by 6m wide road . It lies close
to the major commercial center of the city i.e.
walled city. Site is 2.5 km from the GOLDEN TEMPLE , major tourist attraction in
the city and 5.5 km from the BUS STAND and 4km from the RAILWAY STATION

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 5

 SYNOPSIS

AIMS OF THE PROJECT

• To create an interactive relationship between visual avenue , moments and activity pattern .
• To create a barrier free environment
• To understand the overall space concept with respect to human scale and built environment.
• To create a space which can form the node for holding and experiencing commercial, cultural and social
activities .
OBJECTIVES ARE AS FOLLOWS
1) to provide open living spaces achieving the comfort ambience.
2) to blend architecture planning and structure and architecture
3) to ensure an all time engaging and vibrant environment for all the users by:
• mixed use zoning
• integration of movement and activity
• juxtaposition of formal and informal sector

ARCHITECTURAL CHALLENGES OF THE PROJECT:

1) To explore the symbiotic character of COMMERCE and CULTURE.
2) Explore the inter-relationships of the spaces and the challenges of disparities cause by design which restrict
spaces to particular segment of public .
3) To evolve a contemporary model of conventional Indian market.
4) The project would try to explore the possible integration of the functions which usually exist at larger distances

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 6

 SYNOPSIS
THRUST

 thrust area of the project is to provide an accessible environment

for mobility of disabled , women safety in complex and to work out
the conflict points in the movement pattern of vehicular and
pedestrian traffic

SCOPE
 The major role is to design the CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT in a series of integrated spaces and variety and
mix use giving unique identity to business streets and serve as hub of commercial activities. This includes :
Detailed layout scheme of project.
(parking , circulation , landscape , Pedestrian movement shall be dealt in detail)
Detailed design of office building, shops cum offices, piazzas and other buildings like library
Landscape plan for the proposed site .
Detailed structural grid drawings for office building, shop cum offices.

LIMITATION

 No detailed structural drawings and calculations.

Detailing of limited building modules out of all requirements.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 7

 SYNOPSIS
METHODOLOGY

• A review of various aspects of C.B.D

• How does such a COMPLEX will be able to produce real values pertaining to COMMERCIAL and SOCIAL
intentions

• Analytical study of activities and relative studies

• The realization of built form in relation with open spaces with the idea of producing enlivenment out of a holistic
approach and fulfilling, the aspirations of the users

• Analysis of site and response of proposed buildings to:

• Surroundings
• Establishment of functional criteria
• Culture and climate

• Relevant literature studies – context, case-studies, standards and anthropometric data.

• Analysis of literature and case studies and driving the inference and conclusions from each study, comparisons of
studies.

• Formulation of Spaces and the areas.

• Formulation of Development Controls.

• Design concept

• Ultimate design proposal.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 8

 LIBRARY STUDY
INTRODUCTION
The CBD or Central Business District is the focal point of a
•GENERAL OBJECTIVES
city. It is the commercial, office, retail, and cultural center of the
•Accessibility -District centre should be planned in a
city and usually is the center point for transportation networks. .
way so that every activity falls within the accessible
It maintains a special cultural status as historic centre of the
distance.
city as well as serving as a community centre for the surrounding
•Safety -By providing road side infrastructure
region. It also maintains a pedestrian oriented character.
encouraging pedestrian’s movement and less vehicular
traffic which help enhance safety.
•Comfort-Providing more sitting spaces in the parks,
facilities like public conveniences.
•Compatibility-Any two activities provided in
HISTORIC BACKGROUND
consecutively would be compatible with each other or
The CBD developed as the market square in ancient cities. On
buffer zone would be provided for the same.
market days, farmers, merchants and consumers would gather in
the center of the city to exchange, buy, and sell goods. This
ancient market is the forerunner to the CBD. As cities grew and
developed, CBDs became fixed location where retail and
commerce took place. The CBD is often near a major
transportation route that provided the site for the city's location,
such as a river, railroad, or highway.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 9

 LIBRARY STUDY
SITE PLANNING
The allocation of spaces for these and possibly others users should be guided by certain
planning principles in order to attain the highest feasible productivity of the land over an
extended period of time
1. Safeguard surrounding areas against the blind
2. Expose retail facilities to maximum foot traffic
3. Separate various mechanized traffic type from one another Barrier free environment
4. Create a maximum of comfort for the shoppers and merchants
5. Achieve order, unity and beauty.

OBJECTIVES
• The entire complex shall be designed with proper orientation and maximum wind
N
movement. Building may be oriented along NW – SE orientation.
The shop units and the plazas
• Development of open spaces, nodes and transition spaces between main building
should be north facing to avoid the
and approach areas. glare

• Ensuring proper connection between public areas, semi public areas and services.
• While formal and informal areas shall be well connected, a sense of segregation
should be ensured as well.
• To create streets which are safe and attractive to pedestrians.
• To provide activity and interest along the street.
Pedestrian friendly complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 10

 LIBRARY STUDY
COMPONENTS OF C.B.D

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 11

 LIBRARY STUDY
POSSIBLE LAYOUTS POSSIBLE SECTIONS

OPTION 1 OPTION 2 Good sense of enclosure No sense of enclosure

This layout comprises of a This layout differs (45angle) (15angle)
separate area for from the first option
pedestrian in the form of by the introduction of
pedestrian mall activity areas like
museum or library.

Proper sense of enclosure No sense of enclosure

OPTION 3 OPTION 4
All blocks enclose a It is the simplest of all
common open space. It layouts. The centre is
leads to the creation of approached through
variety of spaces linear connectivity. When building When building When building
height is equal to height is equal height is equal to
the street height, a to the one third one fourth times
sense of enclosure of street width, of street width,
is generated. In the skyline the sense of
this case, building dominates over enclosure is
approach with one court & façade is more the building completely lost.
central parking with
peripheral buildings two magnets placed in detailed
and service roads. diagonal manner.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 12

 LIBRARY STUDY
PARKING
1)0° - parallel to road. Entry and exit to
• 2 wheeler parking: 1.2 x 2.1 m
parking bay difficult. Suitable for
• Car - Parking: 2.5 x 5 m -
narrow roads.
Turning Radius 5m
2) 30°- angle to access road. Easy entry to
• Bus - Parking: 3.5 x 12 m -
parking bay and exit. Uses a large area.
Turning Radius 12.2m
3) 45°- angle to access road. Good entry to
parking bay and exit. Relatively small
parking space.
4) 60°- angle to access road. Relatively good
entry and exit to parking bay; small
parking space. Arrangement often used.
5) Right angles to road (parking spaces 2.50
m wide). Sharp turn needed for entry and Parking type sqm

exit.requirement/E.C.S Open 23
Parking
6) Right angles to road (parking spaces 2.30 Ground floor covered 28
m wide). Small area needed for parking Basement 32
space. Ideal for compact parking layouts, Multilevel with ramps 30
used frequently. Automated multilevel with 16
lifts

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 13

 LIBRARY STUDY
PEDESTRIAN
GENERAL SITE DESIGN FOR PEDESTRIANS

 No shortage of sources for site furnishings

today.
 Range of well-designed & durable materials
in many styles from which the designer may Standing & Walking dimension
for wheelchair
choose.
 All of these furnishings comply with the
accepted standards of human dimensions &
behavior is necessary.
WALKWAYS

A fundamental element of design for the

pedestrian is the pathway or side-walk.
Pathway design
The sidewalk width must be designed to W=v(m/s)
provide the level of service suited to the user. I.E.
o W = the width of the
The parameters of sidewalk width are pathway or sidewalk,ft.
determined according to the : oV = the traffic volume,
persons /minute
-anticipated volume of foot traffic, oM = the space module
-the speed at which the pedestrians will be allowed/person,ft².
oS = the walking speed
walking ,and the desired density of traffic. o,ft/min
Rigid mortared paving detail

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 14

 LIBRARY STUDY
STREET FURNITURE

STREET FURNITURE :- Elements LITTER BINS:-These are of SITTING CHAIR:-

placed in a landscape or streetscape for three types
comfort, convenience, information, • Open types
circulation control, protection, and user • semi open type .
enjoyment are collectively referred to as • Hinged- door opening
site furniture (figure 510-1) .Benches, BARRIERS:- The purpose of
bollards, signage, lighting, tree grates, these barriers are
and utility boxes • Privacy
SIGN DESIGN. • Safety
Consider both pedestrian and vehicular  CHAIN AND BARRIERS:-
traffic in selecting and designing It should be 790mm in height
Litter bins
signage. When lower than 790 mm it is
.SIGNAGE AND THE BUILDING Difficult to detect by pedestrian ,
Signage should be low-key in order to cyclist, motorcyclist
avoid competition with the architecture of
the structure.
Materials and design should be
compatible with the building’s materials
and style Signage Chains and barriers

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 15

 LIBRARY STUDY
BARRIER FREE ENVIRONMENT.

Parking width of 3.6m instead of

Height and design of sill and hanging
normal 2.5m width requirement
hoarding for unobstructed shopping
Tactile warning marking on the
arcade.
Ground around the obstruction

Curb ramp at marked crossings detail

Street furniture at a uniform
Interval of 100-200m

Separate 1.5m side walkway for

combined walkway traffic of

Extra 1.2m to accommodate wheel wheelchair and the sightless Provision of curbstone along both
chair. person. sides to resist a slippage

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 16

 LIBRARY STUDY
LANDSCAPING

•Trees shall be provided along major pedestrian

corridors.
•Trees shall not be placed closer than 30 feet
from intersections. They shall remain out of the
clear vision triangle.
•Branch height of mature trees on traffic side Mature street trees shall be maintained for clear head clearance.

shall be no less than 13’-6” above the street. • Shady trees – sitting can be provided under shady trees
•Branch height on pedestrian side shall be no Neem – azadirachta indica
Peepal – ficus relegiosa
less than 8’above the sidewalk. Golden fig – ficus benjaminia
'Cooling path'
•Proper irrigation systems shall be installed to High branched
provided for breeze
• Flowering trees – for aesthetics trees provide shade
establish and maintain healthy growth. before it enters the
Amaltas – cassia fistula for the breeze
building.
•Tree species shall be selected that can Gulmohar – delonixx fistula
Kachnar – bauhinia frandosa
withstand the harsh conditions of the urban
environment. When an area is to be unified, • Ornamental trees – for aesthetics
Royal palm – oreodoxa regia
plant only one species. Palmyra – borassus flabellifer
•Mature tree height and canopy fullness shall
• Avenue trees –
not obscure important building features or Silver oak – gravilla robusta
business identification. Ashoka – polyalthia longifolia

Use of vegetation in redirecting air flows

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 17

 LIBRARY STUDY
RETAIL SHOPS AND STORES

Retail outlets can be broadly divided into

• Small Shops – 20 sq m

• Medium Shops – 50 sq m

• Large shops – 150 sq m

• Departmental Stores Or Fig. 1 - wide frontage columns Fig.2- Not Fig.3- Narrow
cause no interruption to display recommended frontage Max.
• Supermarkets – 350 sq m in arcade. should be avoided. Window Perimeter
PLANNING GUIDELINES

• Occupation in stores - 1 person per 5 to 6 sq m; 1 person per 1.8 sq m in peak hours

• Shelf Units - Shelf units should not be higher than 1.8m and not lesser than 0.3m.

SHOP WIDTH
• This is the most important dimension as it involves column spacing and frontage of stores.
• The most common used shop widths are 6 , 7.6, 9.14 m the last being the most flexible one.

SHOP DEPTH – It can vary according to the frontage

Covered verandahs
• Covered verandahs must be provided for shade and protection against sun and rain.
• Width can vary from 1.85m to 3.04 m depending upon the type of shop.
Fig.4- Narrow frontage
Flat front

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 18

 LIBRARY STUDY
RETAIL SHOPS AND STORES

STRUCTURAL GRID
Large units between 7.3m to 10.9m frontage & 9.14m depth.
Small units between 5.18m to 5.8m frontage and total depth.
BOOTHS
Booths are smaller in size than shops having min area 6sq.m.
Booths frontage vary from 2,2.5 & 3m .
SHOWROOMS
Showrooms are larger in size than shops having min area 95 sq m
DEPARMENTAL STORES
Department stores are large complex shops, invariably extending
over several floor levels, selling a wide variety of goods, particularly
clothes.
PLANNING
Minimum heights for shop spaces of the following are as follows:
Up to 400 sq m retail floor space 3.00 m
Over 400 sq m retail floor space 3.30 m
Over 1500 sq m retail floor space 3.50 m
LOCATIONS
The main aisles are 2.2 to 2.5m wide increasing to 2.8 to 3.2m.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 19

 LIBRARY STUDY
OFFICES
Modern office buildings are of the following types:

Close Plan offices – They have full height walls or partitions

dividing the space into offices with doors.

Private offices – They are typically located along a window wall.

Open Plan Offices – In open plan offices, all workstations are l

located in an open space with no ceiling height division or doors.

Modified Open Plan Offices – They combine the feature private and

open plan offices. Partition, window, ceilings, window modules,

effect office layouts 1.5 sq m of area is required for circulation per

person

Single/ Group Office Normal Maximum

Depth of Office 3.75 – 7.50 mt 9.25 m
Dist. b/w Windows 1.00 – 3.25 mt 6.00 m
Dist. b/w Columns 1.75 – 7.50 mt 11.00 m
Main Corridor Width 1.75 – 2.50 mt 3.25 m
Side Corridor Width 1.50 – 2.00 mt 2.50 m
Height of Office 2.50 – 4.00 mt 5.00 m
Different modules for office layout

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 20

 CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY 1:-NEHRU PLACE . NEW DELHI

PROJECT BRIEF

PROJECT NAME NEHRU PLACE,

DELHI
TYPE OF COMMERCIAL
PROJECT
DEVELOPERS D.D.A

CLIENT D.D.A

YEAR OF START 1969

YEAR OF 1980
COMPLETION
INCLUDES SHOPS, OFFICE
BUILDING,
RECREATIONAL
AREAS
FOR OFFICE AND
COMMERCIAL
NO. OF STOREYS
BUILDING G+8
TOWERS G+17
TOTAL SITE 49 ACRES
AREA
NEHRU PLACE,NEW DELHI

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 21

 CASE STUDY
LOCATION
 It is located in South Delhi.
 Nehru Place lies next to the Outer
Ring Road.
 On one edge of the site, there lies the
road towards Iskon temple

APPROACH AND ACCESS

NEW DELHI
SOUTH DELHI

Delhi-metro station
on violet line.

Main access-
Lala Lajpath
Rai road which
is 100 ft wide.
ISCON
NEHRU PLACE TEMPLE
Own bus terminal-
Nehru place bus CHIRAG
terminal. ENCLAVE

Outer ring road

•Easy approach since located on prime location and proper transportation connection
METRO ST.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 22

 CASE STUDY
N N
SITE CHARACTER AND ORIENTATION

SITE AREA :- 49 ACRES

TOPOGRAPHY :- Site was built atop the
Aravalli mountain
W E
range. the hills were
blown and removed.
SHAPE :- Site is quadrilateral
ORIENTATION :- Site is east- west S S
commercial buildings oriented in east west direction allows more open spaces
oriented
to receive indirect sunlight and lesser heat gain
SITE ZONING
The site is divided in to three zones. LEGENDS

Commercial and office zone. Commercial

 Re-creational Zone and office
Public Building zone
Office towers at outer periphery to reduce Re-
creational
chaos
Zone
Recreational areas in front of shops in
form of piazza to cater informal activities.
Public zone
Piazzas created on levels to create interest

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 23

 CASE STUDY
SITE LAYOUT
The central business district
comprises of following :-
Nehru place Metro station Metro station
Satyam multiplex
Commercial building
Official building
Eros Tower
Multi level parking G+17 G+1
G+17
Bus terminal

G+3
Eros cooperation tower

G+5
Modi towers G+6 G+17 Multilevel parking
G+5
G+17
Informal shops

G+15
- Inadequate circulation G+7
G+3 G+5
space, congestion at G+5

the entry & exits G+18 G+5 G+7 Shops

G+9 G+5
points.

G18
G18
+ Pathways open to G+1
G+3
large piazzas which
are on levels to create
Paras cinema
interest
SITE LAYOUT :NEHRU PLACE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 24

 CASE STUDY
LAND USE PATTERN
The total site area is 49 acres the site
consists of :-

• Total Floor Area = 322695 sqm

• Total Commercial Area = 60650 sq
• Total Office Area = 222285 sqm
• Total Recreational Area = 12100 sq
• Total Public Area = 39760 sqm
• Ground coverage. = 39605 sq
• FAR = 1.5
Green areas – 27000 sq.mt i.e. 13.5% of the
site area
Parking area – 47000 sq.mt i.e. 23.5% of the
site area

COMMERCIAL
4% 12% AREA
18%
OFFICE AREA
Plan showing different land use pattern in complex

RECREATIONAL COMMERCIAL AND OFFICE Circulation of office

AREA BUILDING employees And users
COVERED PARKING
66% PUBLIC AREA
PADESTRIAN AND LANDSCAPE Circulation of
commercial shop
OPEN PARKING users
AREA DISTRIBUTION
INTERNAL SERVICE ROADS

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 25

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION (Lala Entrance to Nehru No vehicular access 15M wide
Lajpathrai place from metro to piazza for safety peripheral
marg) station of pedestrians vehicular roads
Parking area –
48000 sq.mt i.e.
23.5%
Vehicular movement Vehicular
– 2100SQMT i.e. Movement
11%
Pedestrian movement
area – 6400 i.e.
Pedestrian
32%
Movement
Width of pathways
Acc to NBC Parking
1.5m ≥30m
Spaces
Existing condition
pathways
Leading from metro
station = 15m Main roads
Leading from bus
terminal =18m
Central pathway
= 29m

Surface parking Large open piazzas provided Central pathway Continuous covered Entrance from
on peripheral at the intersecting nodes of with shops on corridors for pedestrian outer ring road
roads the central pathways both sides, movement in front of leading to shops
shops
Plan showing different circulation pattern in complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 26

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION

•VEHICULAR MOVEMENT The black arrows

show the highest
• vehicular roads are on periphery , thus reducing the
human movement
chaos in central piazza intensity path.
All the shops lie
•Width of vehicular road within site is 15m .
on this
movement
pattern.

Turning radius
i. Vehicular road leading to center + Vehicular roads are on periphery , thus
Acc to Norms
•PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT reducing the chaos in central piazza
Existing condition
• Two major pedestrian approaches . + Large open piazzas have been provided at
Radius of road-7m
the intersecting nodes of the central
•From metro station – 55’-0” wide
•From bus terminal – 60’-0” wide + Pathways of commercial areas to create
open spaces in order to segregate the crowd.
•Central pathway - 98’-0” wide
Width of inner
- Vast hard surfaces turn into unpleasant hot-
•Red sand stone paving in plaza and pedestrian vehicular road
- spots in summers. Acc to Norms
10-20m
Central pathways occupied by hawkers thus
Existing condition
- resulting in irregular movement Width of road
= 15m
No provision of sitting or benches along
Central pathway Interconnecting piazzas with the pedestrian.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 27

 CASE STUDY
PARKING
Type of parking provided in the centre:
 Open parking.
 Multi-level parking
 Basement parking.
 OPEN PARKING provided along the
periphery of the complex to reduce chaos
{Open – 1400 }
 BASEMENT PARKING has also
been provided. But it is not used much
since it is dark and dingy . {Basement –
400}
MULTILEVEL CAR PARKING
Owned by private company has solved
the parking problem in complex a lot Plan showing different type of parking in complex
{Multi level – 1000}
BASEMENT PARKING MULTILEVEL PARING SURFACE PARKING
Nehru place + Peripheral parking so
Total surface parking = 48,000sq.m.
•presently – 2800 less chaos in complex
• planned for 5500 ecs {but not achieved} Total basement parking =2,600sq.m.
•current demand: 6621 ecs - Complex is unable to
Total multi-level parking =24,000sq.m.
•projected demand in 2020: 9530 ecs meet the parking
•Esc = estimated car space Total parking area= 74,6000sq.m
requirements

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 28

 CASE STUDY
MASS SPACE RELATIONSHIP
Large open piazzas have been provided at the •Offices provided at the outskirts of the complex

intersecting nodes of the central pathways of to avoid the movement of the employees through

commercial areas to create open spaces in the commercial area, hence reducing chaos at

order to segregate the crowd. central piazza and walkways

•Central pathway - width of pathway equal to
height of surrounding building .

Open piazzas to segregate crowd and for informal shops

Office towers on outskirt to minimize chaos
R
ROAD LVL. +750
Equal distribution of mass
E
S
I
D
E
43
OFFICE TOWER
G+15 UNER CONST.
45
R

M
A EROS TOWER
G+15
+
N G+6 42 44
T
I
A
L PETROL
PUMP
41

40

39
46

47

48
P

and open spaces

38 PIAZZA LVL.+ 755 MOLTISTOREY
49
CAR PARK
37 36 35 34 50

51
I.F.C.I. TOWER
61

Sense of enclosure is
+
G+15 66 65 64 63 62
G+8
33 52 PIAZZA LVL.+ 760 G
32 O
NEHRU PLACE GREENS OFFICE TOWER 32 53 V
G+15 67 T.
31 PARKING
54
68 LVL.+ 753

R
E
S
30

29

28
G+8 55 56 57 58 59 60

G+5 70
69
B
U
I
L
D BUILT UP AREAS
maintained
22 23 24 25 26 I
I MICROSOFT
D 27 N
BUILDING G
E 71 72
N PARKING LVL.+ 740 21 G+3

Landscape elements
WIDE

T PIAZZA LVL.+ 755

I 20
73

+
A
L 19 G+8 74
Ft.

PIAZZA LVL.+ 760

ROAD LVL. +725

6 18 75
400

OFFICE TOWER
G+15 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 76
17

provided on the central

ROAD

77
14 15 16 B
5 7 8 9 10 11 13 G+15 G+15
TAXI STAND U
88 87 86 85
G+5 S
12 PARKING LVL.+ 744 84
PIAZZA LVL.+ 745 98 89
4 PARKING 83 T
PLOT No.1 LVL.+ 748 E
3 P/S-3 82 R
M
2
G+2 PARAS CINEMA

PIAZZA LVL.+ 745

78 79 80
81 I
N
A
L
axis creating vista

- Large hardscape area

OUTER RING ROAD

ROAD LVL. +755

Built up area 25% Even distribution of mass with open spaces leading to hotspots in
Open area 75%
summer

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 29

 CASE STUDY
STREET SECTION
lvl+68750

lvl+23550

Present skyline of Nehru place

+27000 mm. 29400mm

+750 mm.
±0 LVL
Section through central pathway xx’
+23550 mm Plaza are at different level to
create interest and segregate
crowd
Sense of enclosure is maintained.
Distance between the open space
1800lvl. cut out in slab ramp
approx Equal to height of building
Angle is nearly equal to 45º
Section through plaza yy’

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 30

 CASE STUDY
THE GREAT EASTERN CENTER

Structure system
Circulation is such Beam –column
that it easily handles structure
two way traffic Grid followed - 24’-0”
x 24’-0”

Natural ventilation is •Fire escape

totally excluded •No of staircase -1
Weather in building
controlled by •Central core
mechanical means. •No of staircase -1
•No. of lifts -2

•Width of staircase -6’-0” •Single entry exit point

•No of riser -24
•Riser height=6” core
•Width of riser -0’-11”
services
BUILDING TYPOLOGY = Office Use Ground floor plan
Area covered on all floors = 9638.77 sqm consider Acc to provided circulation
Ground coverage = 2410.9 sq.mt. ation norms
Area under vertical core =48.9115 sqm i.e.
2%
fire exit 2 (1 after 1
Horizontal circulation :-
required every 30 m)
Ground floor-437.1466 sqm. i.e. 18%
•No. of floors -5-floors Width of 2m 2m
•Floor height -12’-0” floor to floor staircase KEY PLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 31

 CASE STUDY
RETAIL SHOPS
TOTAL FORMAL RETAIL AREA : 12877.81 SQM

 Street pattern is followed

 Plots for offices/shops in a continuous row along

the pedestrian plazas, which are 4,6 and 9 storey
high.

 Shops cover 2 floors of the building block.

 Large distance between opposite shops sufficient Retail shops Retail shops
to cater crowd but hawkers in between the
pathway cases hindrance

 Staircase is provided after every 8 shop

ASPECT ACC TO Provided

(SHOPS) NORMS
(MIN)
LARGE 20’X66’ 25’X40’
MEDIUM 15’X 30’ 10’X 24’

SMALL 15’X10’ -
SHOPS

Plan showing areas of formal activities Key plan

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 32

 CASE STUDY
SHAKUNTALA TOWERS
BUILDING TYPOLOGY = Office Use •No. of floors -9-floors
Area covered on all floors = 21678.696 SQ.MT.
Ground coverage = 2408.744 sq.mt. •Floor height -12’-0” floor to floor

Provision
of 2 fire
escape

Off centered
vertical core

Mechanical
means to
maintain the
temp. within

•VERTICAL CIRCULATION HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION :-

•Area under vertical core =19.60 sqm Ground floor-791.379 SQ.MT.-
•No. of elevator – 6 Typical floor-183.8493 SQ.MT
KEY PLAN
•Size of elevators -80”x 54” SERVICE AREA: - 116.694 SQ.MT

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 33

 CASE STUDY
DEMOGRAPHICS

Age groups 0-12 13-18 19-24 25-35 35-50 50

(years) ONWARDS

No. Of people 0 0 68 206 64 0

COMPLEX USED BY DIFFERENT GROUPS

Morning 10 am Afternoon 2 pm Evening 6 pm

High density in office complex Office goers visit plaza for lunch Office goers leave
Sparse consumers Consumers increases Plaza heavily crowded

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 34

 CASE STUDY
ARCHITECTURE EXPRESSION & PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE
•Finishing the old phase development is finished in
•Public toilets in complex no provision of public
concrete. 4’-0” wide horizontal and vertical sunscreens
toilets within the complex. One has to go to metro station
have been placed on the façade of the buildings
or office to use toilets .
•The new phase development have glass facade, metallic
•Public toilets converted into shops
cladding, concrete as finishing material thus disturbing
harmony and architecture controls of complex •Street furniture no provision of dustbins in complex
• No provision of benches along the pedestrian
Street lights are provided at a distance of 60’ c/c.

- sunscreens provided appear, regardless of the orientation

of the building blocks.
- Difference in façade of old development and new
Difference in elevation of old development and new development
development disturbing harmony of complex
•Signage and advertising board. - Inadequate infrastructure facilities in complex
Lack of restrictions on size and location of hoarding used - Not safe at nights with no activity and poor lighting
by offices ,thus destroying the elevation of structure .
boards of varying sizes by offices (about 16’-0”,32’-0”)
 shopping areas had worked out the location of advertising
boards

Inadequate infrastructure facilities in complex

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 35

 CASE STUDY
SKYLINE
 Nehru place is having varying skyline. More variation could be seen because of the new buildings that have come up
with the passage of time.
 Commercial cum office block surrounding the central plaza have linear skyline
High rise corporate towers are placed on the outer periphery of the complex
lvl+68750

lvl+23550

lvl+15000

Present skyline of Nehru place

lvl+66150

lvl+30750
lvl+23550

skyline of Nehru place when designed

lvl+66150

lvl+23550

skyline of Nehru place when designed Different skyline of Nehru place

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 36

 CASE STUDY
LANDSCAPING
+ Green area provided in the north-
west corner of Nehru place, now
used as a recreational park, creating
macro climate vast
GREEN AREA + street light are provided Distance
PROVIDED IN THE
NORTH-WEST CORNER b/w poles: 60’-0” c/c.
- Vast hard landscaped area has been
provided in most of the complex
red sandstone paving in the plazas
and pedestrian pathways has been
ROW OF TREES done which change s into
PROVIDED IN CENTRE Green areas – 27000 sq.mt i.e. 13.5% of the site area
OFPATHWAY unpleasant hot-spots in summers.

- There is no system in place to

Trees in Satpatti, manage waste. Complex lacks
parking Peepal
infrastructure to manage the waste
Trees along Jamun , a, Acc to norms:- it produces
pedestrian Satpatti All new or expanding development shall designate
soka a min, of 15% of total site area for green space - No provision of benches along
Trees in Australian Acc. to site :- pedestrian.
plazas wattle, Silver 13.5% of area is allocated to green which is less
oak acc to norms

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 37

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES

ELECTRIC
•The electric supply to the complex from an electrical unit
installed in the complex itself.
•Underground wiring system has been employed for the
supply of electricity.
•For street lighting electricity poles are provided at a distance Main electric supply from electric unit Sub distribution system
within building
of 60’-100c-c.
consideration required achieved analysis
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Min dia. of 150mm Observed
•Combined system for the disposal of human excreta and rain sewer pipe (NBC) from open
duct
water has been used.
Min dia. of 100mm observed
•No separate system for rainwater harvesting has been employed.
rainwater pipe
•Gutters are provided along the pedestrian walk as well as roads..
Max spacing 45m Spacing
•The manholes are located at a distance of about 50’-0” c-c. b/w manholes (NBC) b/w
for 150mm manholes
-• No proper water 15.25 m
Disposal in
Location of generators in
Complex water gets complex
Generators are placed on terrace
stagnant after rain
Acc to norms it should be above
Rain water pipes Rain water accumulation 6m from the terrace
no such norms followed

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 38

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES

FIRE FIGHTING
•All the buildings
are planned as per
the fire safety
norms.

•Fire escape •Fire station

staircases are which serve
provided in almost all the complex
•Hose reels are provided
in all the buildings. the buildings.

•Fire escapes are Nearest fire station which supply

provided as per the services t o complex is on behron
rules and mandir bus terminal
regulations laid by No Provision of onsite under ground
dda, ndmc and water tank for fire fighting services
other governing capacity
authorities. No provision of fire hydrants on site

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 39

 CASE STUDY
INFERENCES
WEAKNESS
STRENGTH
Since it was not planned to accommodate these
• Nehru place is located on the Outer Ring Road so it
numbers, the result is congestion, lack of
can be easily accessible by the other parts of the Delhi.
sanitation, and a degenerating infrastructure in
• Being an IT Hub, the market caters more to the people
and around the areas surrounding Nehru Place.
of age group 25-35 years because of there shops or job
The market is not so User Friendly, i.e. can’t be
or shopping, etc.
easily accessed by handicaps and senior citizens
• Nehru Place is designed in such a way that large open find it difficult to climb the stairs
spaces are there between the towers, in form of Lack of cultural and recreational spaces
courtyards and parking. Due to long courtyard Make highly extensive shopping plaza.
connectivity fresh air enter these corridors with a thrust. Heavy and rigid concrete boxes and linear
• Parking are designed near to the Towers which makes it Planning.
easy for the crowd and the employees and also to the The centre has not been able to attract local
transporters. shoppers, since it is not located on an existing
• Office blocks are on the second floor which are totally commercial spine
segregated from the loud and the crowd. The centre stays dead in the night, save some
homeless laborers who find the shelter of the
corridors adequate to pitch in at night.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 40

 CASE
CASE STUDY
STUDY

CASE STUDY 2: SAKET DISTICT CENTER

PROJECT BRIEF
Project Name District Center Saket

Location Saket, South Delhi

Type of project commercial

Type of development Mixed use

development
Developers D.D.A

Year Of Completion 2007

Comprises of Retail podium,

cinemas, office
building, service
apartments

Surrounding mostly residential,

some of commercial
Office Building G+8
No. Of Storey's Retail G+2

Total Site Area 54 Acres

SAKET DISTRICT CENTER,SITE PROFILE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 41

 CASE STUDY
LOCATION
 It is located in South Delhi.
 It is situated on Press Enclave Road
on the way to Qutab Minar.
ACCESSIBILITY
 Direct connectivity to Mehrauli-Badarpur Road
 It is situated 18 km away from International
and National Airport
 15 km away from New Delhi Railway Station.
DELHI SAKET, SOUTH DELHI
 8 km away from South Extension.
 4 km away from Greater Kailash.

SURROUNDINGS Press enclave road

 Modi Hospital is located on the right side of

the site.

30 m wide road

26 m wide road
 Residential area is on the left side of the site.
Modi
 Existing nala on the rear side of the site hospital
CATCHMENT AREA
affluent neighboring colonies like C C.R. Park,
Sainik Farms, Haus Khas, Panchsheel Enclave

Easy access since Saket forms the gateway to south Delhi SAKET DISTRICT CENTER,SITE PROFILE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 42

 CASE STUDY
ACCESSIBILITY & ENTRANCES,EXIT
SITE AREA :-
54 ACRES
TOPOGRAPHY :-
site has flat terrain
SHAPE :-
Site is quadrilateral
ORIENTATION :-
Site is north- south
oriented

LEGEND
Entry/Exit
Traffic
Conflict Area
Traffic
Movement
MGF Mall N
DLF Mall
• It is easily accessible through PUBLIC TRANSPORT i.e. DTC buses, Metro rail, Auto
Select City rickshaws, And through private vehicles.
Mall
• There is problem in crossing of road as no Pedestrian facility like FOB, Subway is provided
Southern Park
Mall near by to it. So, number of modal conflicts are more.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 43

 CASE STUDY
SITE ZONING

The Whole Site Is Divided In LEGENDS G+3

To Four Zones.
Re-creational zone G+2
COMMERCIAL ZONE.
Public Building zone
OFFICE ZONE
G+8 G+2
RE-CREATIONAL ZONE Commercial zone
PUBLIC BUILDING Office zone G+1
G+2
1. Office buildings on
AREA PROGRAMME G+8 G+8 G+8 G+8
periphery to avoid chaos
Proposed areas:
in complex
Total site area 21.8 ha. 2% 1% 3%
2. Interconnected zones-
Total built up area 20. 8 ha. 6% Retail
office zone and
Total retail 91287 sq. m. 10% Offices
commercial zones
Total offices 91613 sq. m.
segregated still remains mandatory green
Hotel 2797 sq.m. 48%
interconnected. residential
Service apartments 15079 sq.m.
3. Open plazas in front of
Multiplexes 7650 sq.m. cultural
commercial zone act as 34%
Cultural center 6360 sq.m. hotel
breathing space .
Far 1 mltiplexes

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 44

 CASE STUDY
CIRCULATION
30 m wide road
Vehicular movement
Pedestrian movement Pedestrian along
with buildings
•20 m wide road within
complex for vehicular common open
space 150x130
movement around all
•5m wide pedestrian
20 m wide
along with building service lane
•Peepal and Satpatti
trees along pathways.
•Piazza forming main
circulation in front of
30 m wide road
commercial zone

Circulation movement within and outside complex Vehicular

Vehicular Service Lane Pedestrian circulation circulation
Circulation Circulation

Area under 26513.8 sqm i.e.

•The circulation pattern is constant throughout the CBD. road 12.3%
•The pedestrian traffic and the vehicular traffic is segregated.
Area under 38487.5 sqm i.e.
•Interconnected vehicular roads within complex connecting various zones pedestrian 17.6%

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 45

 CASE STUDY
PARKING

Type of parking parking

provided in complex provided at
front for
• Surface parking people
• Basement parking visiting in
malls

Pedestrian
entry

each building
is provided
with its own
parking in
Parking provided order to reduce
for offices the chaos in
complex.
Width of
ramp- 2.5m
Slope of
ramp 1:10 ramp
Plan showing parking in complex
Size of bay Surface parking
provided on Total no of parking in complex-5650 • Saket district can take the load of
surface 5x2.5m Total no. of surface parking- 1600 traffic but its surrounding areas are not.
• Complex don't have adequate parking
Total no. of parking provided in basement –4050 for two wheelers

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 46

 CASE STUDY
MASS SPACE RELATIONSHIP

 The Heights in the entire site have been  Piazza's provided at the Scio graphic studies of the
restricted according to the use. Hence the front facade to create a entire area show that the degree
open space-built form relationship has been interesting visual experience. of enclosure increases around the
maintained in a controlled manner. The spaces enclosed by office buildings whereas there is
office buildings pose the practically no sense of enclosure
maximum sense of enclosure. in the case of the piazza that
forms the frontage to the
shopping and commercial areas.

 G+8 for office tower Offices provided at the

G+1/G+2 for shopping /commercial outskirts of the complex to

building avoid the movement of the

 Overall ,the varied enclosure gives the employees through the The piazza acts as a common
visitor a rich, interesting experience, as the commercial area open space for the shopping and
spaces open out into each other according commercial areas. The visitor
to the usage of the respective block. There experiences a full panoramic view
is dynamism and clarity in the layout. of the entire district centre.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 47

 CASE STUDY
LAND USE

Saket district center basically comprise 5 major mall namely

1. DLF place  SOUTHERN PARK  SELECT CITYWALK

2. Select city walk • Southern park - mall cum • Select city walk - shopping mall.

3. The south court commercial complex . • Developed by - select group

4. Metropolitan mall • Developed by -TDI group • Area -1,300,000 sq ft

5. Southern park • Area - (9,000 m2) • Retail, a multiplex, serviced

• Spread over five floors + Apartments, offices, and public space
 DLF PLACE
• two tiers of basement  THE SOUTH COURT
• The DLF place - shopping mall
parking • The south court- shopping mall under
• Developed by- DLF group
construction.
• Total area - 400,000 sq ft
• Developed by -DLF group
• six-screen DT cinemas multiplex
• Total area - 400,000 sq ft
& diner, A food court, hard rock
(37,000 m2).
cafe, gourmet outlets, office
• Will have a lifestyle and a landmark
complex and Hilton hotel.  METROPOLITAN MALL
anchor store, retail arcade with many
•Metropolitan Mall -shopping mall
major Indian brands of clothes and
•Developed by - MGF Group
apparel, a food court, gourmet outlets,
•total area - 11000 sq. metres.
office complex and a hotel

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 48

 LIBRARY STUDY
DLF MALL

Project profile: Dlf Place Mall

Developers: DLF infrastructure DLF
MAL
Year of completion : 2007 L

No of storey's: for retail G +2

Architect: mohit gujral
 Linear atriums at all places in the
Area of mall 37000 sqm
mall referred to as courtyards.
Grid 8x8 m
 Open spaces at the junctions
breaking the linearity.
 The shops are aligned to the atrium
and are rectangular in shape with
length to width ratio of 3.5:1.
 For vertical transportation mall has
16 staircases(most of them acting
as fire escapes also), 15 elevators
which go to the basements and 8 Bridge connecting Kiosk and Entrance
upper levels Exhibition space
escalators which are provided at
the end of atriums Shopping area
Horizontal circulation
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
Vertical circulation

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 49

 CASE STUDY

DLF MALL
Shopping Area
Horizontal Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Re-creational Area

 First floor level of mall are visible

through atriums.
 The opposite ends are connected A view of High Street
through bridges in court 1 and court
three, moreover a circular atrium is
provided between court1 and court 2 at
the corner of the mall.
Smaller size of shops because of the
corridor The High street gives an experience of
European shopping streets as these are being
used as terraces for coffee shop, shops open
on to these streets and there are structures on
the piazza side of the street which acts as
Circular Atrium
Retail Store at
first floor level kiosks on certain days
FIRST FLOOR PLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 50

 CASE STUDY
DLF MALL

Food Courts
Horizontal
Circulation
Vertical Circulation
Re-creational Area

 When we come to the second floor

level there is a major change in the
layout of the mall. The shops and service
cores on the piazza side of the mall are
discontinued and a terrace takes their
place.
 Second floor mainly consists of food
court and restaurants

 The large terraces that are being formed at

this level give a magnificent look of the plaza
area, also they provide a beautiful setting for
the food court users in the evenings whereby
Food courts
they can eat in the open in the evenings.
SECOND FLOOR PLAN

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 51

 CASE STUDY
BASEMENT FLOORS

Ramp to basement Ticketing at entry

from service road

 3 level basement for parking

and services
 Parking space collectively
1000-1200 cars Stairs coming out of Lift lobby entrance
 The clear height of these basement
basements are:
 3950 mm for
basement 1
 4050 mm for
basement 2
 3050 mm for
basement 3
 Mall lifts continued till the
basement
 16 staircases

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 52

 CASE STUDY
ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION
At the upper level on the front The lower levels glazing
Finishing. The entire complex is finished with
facade, space provided for is treated with granite
combination of granite, composite metallic
advertisements, forthcoming bands making a striking
cladding, acrylic paint and structural glazing.
attractions and cinema posters, ideally bold impression on the
visible from a distance governing the lower shopping level and
external elevation. also relates itself with the
mall elevation

 The lower levels of the building have been

given a more transparent look with large
glazed part being offered to foyer/food
court/retail. This has been done also keeping
in mind the commercial aspect for shops to
have maximum frontage and making the
shops more visible and lively for the crowd To conceal the

visiting the building. services, 1.5m projection

has been extended at the
roof level beneath the
service floor on the
terrace.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 53

 CASE STUDY
LANDSCAPING
PLAZA
 It covers the large area of green cover(upto 4 acres)
 Open plaza, having an open air theatre
 Saanskriti, for art festivals, fairs, exhibitions, performances, and al
fresco dining.
 The plaza is landscaped extensively in timber, water, stone and
steel and has an
 Open–air amphitheater, along with trees and water features
 Street furniture is provided at various places.
 Dustbins are not provided for security reasons.
 The open areas is also seen with water bodies including
fountains.
 It is designed with beautiful inviting landscapes.
LANDSCAPE FEATURE IN PLAZA
Shady Tree Along Road
Peepal Ficus religiosa
Satparni Alstoniascholaris
Parking
TOTAL Trees
GREEN AREA
Pilkan Ficus infectorija
2.18 Hectares
Satparni Alstoniascholaris •Landscaped area •Pedestrian path
10% of the site area •corridor

Parks/Gardens
Asoka Saraca indica
Bottle brush Callistemon viminalis
SECTION THROUGH LANDSCAPED AREA

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 54

 CASE STUDY
SERVICES
Service core comprises of:
•Water supply pipes
•Drainage
At 45 m.
•Telecommunication wires
Fire sprinklers at Dist. Between 2 Fire hydrants Sluice valve
•Fire safety pipes regular grid fire hydrants. placed along the at each level to
periphery of the control water
•Electrical supply pipes
building flow
•Fire fighting system is
installed for each building.

HVAC System:
The main air conditioning plant room is Underground Electrical Service pipes concealed in
room the projected canopy at
situated in the basement and cooling towers are
the top
on the terrace. Each shop has been provided
with their own A.H.U.’s so that they can
maintain temperature individually. For the
purpose of air conditioning of atriums ducts are
provided along the atrium with water nozzles.
To impart a natural flow of air large exhausts
Exhaust Cooling plant at Service corridor running at
are installed at terrace along the atrium along atrium terrace the rear side of the building

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 55

 LIBRARY STUDY
SERVICES
•Services at different floors:
•There are well placed lift cores, providing or
more than adequate elevators, for both passengers
and freight. Electric panels
•Individual AHU and FCU have been
provided for individual shops.
•AHU rooms provided for common area.
5 ac plant rooms
•BASEMENT1:
•5 nos DG SETS
•3nos 2000kva+2nos 1000kva
•Garbage dumping rooms provided at basement.
•BASEMENT2:
•4 water supply tanks- fire water tank
•Domestic, raw water , fire water , soft water tanks.
•The help desk is also provided in second basement.
•Staff dinning and changing rooms also provided at second basement.
•Fire alarms are provided at regular intervals in the basement.
•Control room provided in basement.
• Big exhaust fans provided
Water pump room

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 56

 CASE STUDY
INFERENCES
 South Delhi: Prime location
 The Saket district centre provides large public and landscaped open spaces. The public realm has being given a
thought!

 Instead of having shopping malls stand as isolated entities – disjoint from one another – the development at Saket is
planned in a manner where the multiple buildings are tied together with a common colonnade and uninterrupted access
and transition, making it vibrant, dynamic and friendly.

 Saket Place is projected to employ close to 30,000 people, and attract about 1,00,000 cars in the vicinity every hour

 A district centre goes dead after work-hours – Saket district center devoid of this scenario.

 Too much of rigidity imparted on the developer in terms of the design of buildings and
elevation kills the creativity of the architect involved.

 Saket District centre may be ready to take the huge volume of traffic, but the surrounding
transportation arteries are still not!

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 57

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
LITERATURE STUDY: BHIKHAJI CAMA PLACE

LOCATION
situated at the intersection of INNER RING
ROAD and AFRICA AVENUE ROAD
just opposite to NETA JI NAGAR.

APPROACH AND ACCESS

• The distance of the nearest metro station i.e
AIIMS is 2.24 kms.
• The Distt. Center is designed to cater Neta Ji
Nagar, Nauro Ji and Safdarjung Enclave RK
Puram and Sarojini Nagar.

AFRICA AVENUE ROAD

•There are two vehicular
approaches: one from the Ring
Road and the other from the
Africa road.
BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE
CATCHMENT AREA
• The main catchment areas are:
• Netaji Nagar
• Sarojini Nagar
• Safdarjung Enclave
• RK Puram
• Krishna Nagar
• Hauz Khas BHIKHAJI CAMA PLACE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 58

 LITERATURE STUDY
SITE LAYOUT
LEGEND: 13. R I N G R O A D
1. HYATT REGENY CHAIN ROAD

G
2. E.I. HOUSE.

AR
2.

DM
3. E.I. ANNEXE.
12.

AN
4. ANSAL CHAMBER1 14. CAR PARK 3. SERVICE
COURT

AN
SERVICE
5. MOHTA CHAMBER. 1. 11. COURT 4.

EK
VIV
6. SOMDATT CHAMBER1
15. 10. 5.
7. ANSAL CHAMBER2
8. TELEPHNE EXCHANGE. SERVICE
CAR PARK SERVICE
COURT COURT
9. SOMDATT CHAMBER2 9.
16. 7.

AFRICA AVENUE ROAD

10. P.N.B. 8.
17. 18.
11. SANRAKSHAN BHAWAN
DISTRIBUTARY ROAD
13 JINDAL HOUSE
14 GAIL N 19.
15 CIVICSTRUCTURE
16 NBCC TOWER
17 HUDCO BHAWAN
18 PETRO PUMP
19 HUDCO BAZAAR

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 59

 LITERATURE STUDY
ZONING
The plan shows courtyard planning and spatial zoning.
• The basic zoning in the complex is Commercial,
Business and Administrative.
• The offices dominate over the shopping area.
• The hotel and the informal sector have been designed
as separate zones which give them an identity.
SPACE USAGE
SITE AREA: 1,31,320 sq. mt = 14,11,690 sq. ft
GROUND COVERAGE: 30%
F.A.R. : 1:4
reserved was 1,40,000 sq. mt.
Also, initially 300 shops were proposed.
Not only 100 are left. Rest have been
converted into offices.
Commercial Parking Services Recreational

% 40% 40% 15% 5%

Parts Offices 35% Basement Fire station, service block petrol pump Hotel
Shops 4% Parking 15% Police station telephone exchange Eating joints
Banks 1% Surface Open space electrical substation
Parking 25%

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 60

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
INTERNAL PLANNING
ENGINEERS INDIA HOUSE

•India Engineer House forms a part of commercial district

center at Bhikaji Cama Centre NEW DELHI
• houses administrative, design, financial, and public
relations offices of a public
CONCEPT.
•The concept is based on four cores on the corners
containing lifts, staircase and services, resulting in a large
Hall in the middle for flexible office planning.
• These cores act as major structure element and along
with four central shear walls support an average office floor plan for engineer’s India house
floor of 54mts by 24.6mts.
• The form of the building is derived from the point of
view of saving energy. The structural cores are designed
in such a way that they also serve a dual purpose of cutting
down the effect of harsh climate.
• It was also decided to face larger parameter of the
building north-south and further use the structural elements
of the core and floor overhangs to create micro-climate
engineer’s India house

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 61

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
ENGINEERS INDIA HOUSE
The EIL house is entered on the ground floor directly
from the road by car and has two level of parking
• Pedestrian enter the upper ground floor by mean of
external steps or directly from central plaza.
• The central part of the entrance has the height of
10 mts and give access to the mezzanine at 3 levels
providing changing views of information and
exhibition spaces.
• The shear walls and structural cores are clad,
externally and internally with 2.5cm thick beige
sandstone.
• The internal stone cladding is polished to harmonies
with flooring and teak wood paneling.
• The partition with in the hall are demountable and
vary according to the functional requirement of
typical floors.
• The lower two floors are used as public relation offices
and contain exhibition space and small conference
rooms

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 62

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
HUDCO BAZAAR
" One side of complex facing the bhikaji cama place contains large shops and offices in 3 stories stepped building.
" The building developed has one basement and 4 floors above it.
• The front elevation has the concept of offsetting, which is the basic architectural character of the complex
The central courtyard is very well landscaped, unlike the rest of the open spaces.

A"(ABDUL"KALAM")"WING B"("BHAGAT"SINGH")"WING" C"("CHANDER"SHAKER"AZAD) WING

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 63

 LITERATURE
CASE STUDY
CLIMATIC CONCERN

Delhi’s climate is in fact characterized by extremes.

The sky is overcast during monsoons. Maximum
temperature touches 45 degree every year and
minimum may touch 4 degree.
•Taking in consideration the climate of Delhi, the
P.N.B. Building Canopy in front of the Trikoot-1
main
feature in the center is the “offsetting” which allows
maximum sunlight to enter from the North Side and
avoids the South sunlight.
• Screening is provided in the North-West direction to
protect against the cold winter winds by use of
evergreen trees. HUDCO Bazaar
Bikaji Cama Bhawan
• The buildings have protection from the over head
summer sun but on the other hand, in winters, the
sunlight is captured.
• There is a provision of roof overhangs on the south
side of the buildings.

Sunken court amidst the building blocks Offsetting in the Hyatt Regency

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 64

 CASE STUDY
COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE CASE STUDY, SAKET CRITICAL ANALYSIS
DISTRICT CENTER

LOCATION located on the Outer Ring Road so it Located on press enclave road, easily accessible by the
can be easily accessible by the other forms the main gate to south other parts of the Delhi.
parts of the Delhi. Delhi on prime location.

SITE Area =49 acres heights =for office Area =54 acres office building
and commercial building g+8 towers =g+8 retail g+2
g+17
CIRCULATION Mainly peripheral traffic. Parking on Interconnected roads within site Segregation of vehicular
ground and basement( not properly for circulation . Ground and and pedestrian traffic is
utilized), also multi storied parking basement parking. Surface important aspect for
has been built. Free flowing traffic as parking along with the buildings. separating silent and noisy
street width is adequate. Proper flow of traffic. zones.

PEDESTRIAN Large piazzas have been created on Entire site is pedestrianized . Demarcation between
multiple levels to segregate vehicular Pedestrian and vehicular pedestrian and vehicular
and pedestrian traffic. movement is segregated. Piazza movement, using level
created to accommodate crowd. difference is a good
solution
LAND USE The basic land use is the commercial Basic landuse is retail shops, recreational areas like open
having shops, offices, and lacks offices, mall, multiplex, spaces courts for informal
recreational areas for recreational areas provided shopping should be
provided

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 65

 CASE STUDY
COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE CASE STUDY, SAKET CRITICAL ANALYSIS
DISTRICT CENTER

BUILT UP- OPEN The built form rises in height from The built form rises in height Sense of enclosure is
SPACE the south to north side. Ground from north to south far is preserved by virtue of
RELATIONSHIP cover is around30%..Open spaces in 1.Ground coverage is 33.3% high rise buildings
form of piazzas provided and sense Open spaces provided in front surrounding the open
of enclosure is maintained of commercial areas. courts and piazza

CLIMATIC Buildings rise in height from south Retail shops and office The buildings should
ANALYSIS to north to capture max southern sun buildings north –south oriented adapt to the climatic
providing shade to pedestrian Buildings are designed needs to create a
piazzas. Buildings are provided with according to climate and comfortable environment
horizontal and vertical louvers. proper sunshades are provided and also to save energy
which is an important

ARCHITECTURAL The retail offices and shops do not . The entire complex is architectural control is an
CHARACTER confirm to the architectural controls finished with combination of important aspect of
in respect to signage and haphazard granite, composite metallic design and should be
placement of air conditioners, cladding, acrylic paint and enforced to provide
coolers etc. structural glazing. overall harmony on site,
Architectural character care should be taken that
maintained. its use does not create
monotonous and dull
environment.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 66

 CASE STUDY
COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS

ASPECTS CASE STUDY, NEHRU PLACE CASE STUDY, SAKET CRITICAL ANALYSIS
DISTRICT CENTER

ACTIVITY The city center has both corporate The piazzas and the area Recreational areas and
PATTERN offices as well as shops and food surrounding the mall are the shopping plazas are the
plazas and a cinema. The piazzas and main activity nodes. main activity centers and
the area surrounding the cinema are should be spread evenly
the main activity nodes. all over the site.

LANDSCAPING Hardscape is in much larger Landscape is given due Landscaping should be

proportion as compared to Softscape. importance. Trees along soft whenever possible to
Planters have been provided at pedestrian and roads. minimize heat gains.
frequent intervals but are poorly Green pockets in central piazza Street fixtures and
maintained and used for lettering. .built in furniture is provided furniture are very
Street furniture is lacking. Adequate important components of
lighting. a lively complex.

BARRIER FREE Ramps are not provided in the center Ramps are provided at every Barrier free norms are
ENVIRONMENT for mobility disabled level difference mandatory in building
design.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 67

 SYNOPSIS
SITE BRIEF

• The main approach road to the site crosses Bhagatanwala railway line.
• Approach road is 5.5m wide with on one side of mandi shops and on other side commercial shops cum private
• The road ahead goes to MULLE CHAK VILLAGE AREA .

PUNJAB AMRITSAR

To MullechakGRAIN MARKET
GRAIN MARKET
village WALLED CITY

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 68

 SYNOPSIS
SITE BRIEF
• LOCATION ;- Grain market, Bhagatanwala gate, Amritsar
• SITE AREA:- 90acres
• TERRAIN:- The site has relatively flat topography. The type
of soil found in the area is coarse or sandy loam.
Flat topography of site Featuring godowns
• CLIMATE:-Site experiences extreme weather conditions
N
from 45° c in summer to 1° c in winter.

W E

• RAINFALL:-Average rainfall received during each year is 114 cm.

S
• ADJACENT LAND USE:- agricultural and residential.
• WIND DIRECTION:- Prevailing wind direction is North West to South East with velocity of
16-18 mph.
• HUMIDITY:- minimum humidity during last year is 56.28% where as maximum is 81.50%
• SITE FEATURES :- the grain godowns and the shops of godown holders

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 69

 SYNOPSIS
SITE CONTEX
 OPPORTUNITIES
Well connected with public transport there is a
opportunity to create universal and culturally
rich commercial and public place
 Location
Near main commercial hub of the city i.e.
walled city and adjoining residential area
 Approach
Connected to major transport road and
proximity to bhagtavala railway line
 THREATS
1) city’s main sewerage drain near the site
.

approach road 6m wide Govt . godowns Adjoining Railway track

Water tank near sheds

SITE SECTIONS

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 70

 AREA STATEMENT
AREA STATEMENT
AREA OF THE SITE = 90 ACRE
AREA FOR DEVELOPMENT = 90 ACRE =364217.4SQ M
Acc. To MC BYE LAWS
FAR allowed – 1.75 Ground coverage -40% ECS =2 PER 100 SQM

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL AREA

COMPONENTS PUDA DERIVED NO. OF TOTAL AREA
(Area in acres) (area in acres) UNITS (INACRE)

Hotel 2.2 1.5 1 1.5

Restaurant 0.8 0.8 4 3.2
Banks .50 0.50 3 1.5
Malls and multiplex 1-1.25 1.25 3 3.75
Large/ S.C.O - 100 3.0
Shops

Medium shops - 250 2.5

Small shops - 150 0.5
Booths - 50 0.1
Local govt. Offices/ administrative 3-4 4 - 4
Weekly market/ exhibition hall 5-10 3+2 - 5

Total 24.65 acres

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 71

 AREA STATEMENT
AREA STATEMENT

Public/ semi public

Components PUDA Derived No. Of units Total area

(Area in acres) (Area in acres) (In acre)

Community hall 0.5-1 1 1 1

Auditorium 1.2 1.2 1 1.2

Library 0.8 0.8 1 0.8

Post office 0.5-0.8 0.8 1 0.5

Police post 1 0.5 1 0.5

Fire station - 0.5 1 0.5

Electric sub station 0.5- 1 0.5 1 0.5

Public toilets 0.008 .008 12 0.096

Petrol pump 0.5-1 0.5 1 0.5

Museum 1-2 2 1 2

TOTAL= 7ACRE

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 72

 AREA STATEMENT
AREA STATEMENT

OPEN SPACES

Components PUDA Derived No. Of Total area

(Area in acres) (Area in acres) units (In acre)

District park 5-10 10 1 10

Other parks 0.5-1 0.5 6 3

LAND USE % AREA ( ACRE )

Commercial 27 24.65

Public/semi public 8 7
Circulation 25 22.5
Parks / open spaces 15 13.5
Parking 25 22.5
Total 100 90

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 73

 DESIGN CRITERIA
While designing the district center following factors will be taken into consideration
•TO DESIGN A CENTER RICH IN RHYTHM WITH MODERN

Center will reflect the introvert character

in some area, hence giving importance to
the pedestrian areas. Variety of spaces
showing transition from narrow spaces to
open spaces.
•CREATING VISUAL CONTINUITY AND CONNECTIVITY IN SPACES.
Visual continuity and connectivity would be created in spaces, at the same time it will give a public the sense of direction

•SEGREGATION OF VEHICULAR AND PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT

Peripheral vehicular movement would be encouraged to reduce the
pollution and disturbance to the inner belt of center
Buffer through landscape between commercial and parking areas .
It blocks the smoke omitted by vehicles from entering the interiors.
Landscaped pedestrian piazza with visual parameters and space along with design elements of urban plaza to include in design.

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 74

 DESIGN CRITERIA
WOMEN SAFETY
Easy movement within the location. General visibility of the entire space, , free from hiding places where a person could
wait unseen
Includes mixed uses – many places to hangout, walk, play, eat, exercise, etc. for diverse user groups at different times of day
Concept of pink parking- parking provided for females to increase safety

ZONING
While designing the complex zoning will be taken into account so as to segregate the contrasting combination of two
activities. design separately both silent and noisy zones.

ORIENTATION
It is most important point to be kept in mind while designing district center. the orientation will be worked while designing the
building with respect to their use

|| CENTRAL BUISNESS DISTRICT 75