WI62 65 WEBFrenchInfantryInWSS PDF
WI62 65 WEBFrenchInfantryInWSS PDF
IN-FA\ITRY
OFTHEWAROFTHE
- ---
SPANTSH
SUCCESSTON
1701-14
Par{One
By Mark Allen
This is the filst of two articles on the French infantry of degreeofun€ertaintyit secmslikely thatbothofficersandmen
Marlborought wafs. This first pan can be Iookedon as an in the majorityof Europeanarmieshadby the niddle yearsof
'update'ofthe previous
instalmentsasthe regimentsdescribed theWar ofthe SpanishSuccession adoptedsomeformoftricorn
belowwere all raisedbeforeor duringthe War of the Grand hat.
Alliance. This meansthat most of the information listed
previouslywill also be relevent for the post 1701period. SMALL CLOTHES
Therefore,after a short sectionon someof the chansesin
equipmenland dre,swhich affecredFrenchrroop. duniq the Amongst the fashionablemany changeshad been wrought
SpanishSuccession War. t will proceedwilh a li*r of the duringthisperiod,howeverasonlythe neckwearis parricularly
regiments showinganychangesinuniformsor colonels- relevant to the men and their officers I will confine my
A few cornnentsnight be appropriatehereon rhedevelop- comments to thlsarea,
mert of fashionable clothingduringthe twentyfive yearsfrom The'beau'of 1689wouldhavewom alacytabaf or'raban'(a
the beginningoftheNine YearsWarto theTreatiesofRastatt neckscarf)wrappedaroundand decoratedwith ribbons.The
and Baden.Between1689and 1714fashionablemale attire ribbonswere stiffenedand positionedbehind the raban to
wouldconsistof thefollowins: protrudeeithersidein a sortof'halo' effect.In1692theFrench
won the closelyfoughtbattle of Steenkirkand the 'folklore'
TIIEHAT arisingfromthebattle changed thedirecaionof Frenchcostume.
The soldiersofthe Frencharmyhadbeensurprisedin campby
In 1689thiswouldnormallybe felt orbeaverwitha largebrim the army of William III and had to hurriedlydressand equip
anda low crown.The sizeofthe brirnwasbeginningto reduce themselves- In their hastethey are supposed to haveleft rheir
afterthe excesses of the 1670s. The edgeof rhe brin wasoften neckcloths untiedandtheirclothesin a disorderlymanner.This
decoratedin gold or silverlaceand feafiers and ribbonwere gaverise to the Steenkirkstyle of wearingthe raban and a
addedfor further decoration.The ribbonshowev general adoption of more relded' forms of dress. The
less obtrusivethan previouslyand were often worn in an 'Steenkirk'was looselywrapped aroundtheneckandrhelonger
embdonicform of cockade.In the 1660sand 1670shatshad endpulledthroughthe seventhbuttonholeon rhecoat.By the
been wom in a multitudeof colours,grey and brown being endofthe centurya moreformalstylehadbeenre-established,
particularlypopular,howeverby the middleofthe lastdecade butwithout the ribbons.The endsofthe clothwerenow more
of the century black was the dominantcolour. During the often 'tucked in' and this led to the rank and file usins a
twentyyearperiodfollowing 1689there wasalsoagradualmove 'reversedform a. \hown on rhe plares.Yo'r qill ,ee
fromihe
towardstricorns.It is difficultto quantifyhow thiscameabout platesthatrheneckcloths areshownasbeingblack,theWagner
or how fastit occured,but by the endof the first decadeofthe platesshowthis for all infantryand whilslI havesomedoubrs
eighteenthcenturythe ticorn was finnly established as theabout the widespreaduse I have, in the absenceof much
pre-eminent form ofheadgear.Oneofrbe biggestproblemsin contradictoryevidence,usedblackfor my illustrations.
determining the process of€hangeis the difficultyof accurately
datingprimaryvisualsources.For examplethere are a great
numberof paintingsand other forms of illusaration depictinq THE COATAIID VEST
LouisXIV he'oicallyconducting sieger.ar rhe rhearreoi During the period the coat or'justaucorps'becamemore
playingbilliards,but veryfew canbe datedcloselyto the event obviouslystyled.The straight,shapeless
item of the 1680shad
they depict. The evidenceseemsto point to a fairly rapid by the lastyearsof the centurygainedrear pleatsand a more
adoptionof the tricom between1698and1702,bur th€sedates well definedsilhouette.The coat sleevesbecame
lonserand
arereallyonlyguesses basedon thefollowingobsewations: widerandthesleere(ot thevesror waistcoat couldno longerbe
1. IllustEtionsof Louis)(lV whichcanbe datedrobetween seen.The vestitself,whichhadaslateas 1698beenaslongas
1692 and 1695 show no parriculartricom rype hars the coat,becamenoticeablyshorterasthe eighteenthcentury
amongstrheking andhiscouniels.
2. The worksof Gifford and cuerard, whichdareftom the
endofthe War of the GrandAlliance.showa nixrure of SHOESAIID STOCKINGS
styles,with Gifford showingmosrofficersin tricomsand
No
the menin othertypesandcuerarddepictingtrico.nsofa 'heavier' major changes are apparenthere, the shoesbecame
panicular 'loose'styleb€ingwornby all. and shorter. in the processlosing some of their
The problem iscompounded arrheotherendofour historical elegance,
but werestill square toedandthe redheelsgenerally
periodasmostpicturesofMarlborough,Eugeneercdareftom fashionable fromthemiddleofthe centurywere stillretainedby
well after the original evenrs. The tapestriesshoutd be the Dutchamongstothers-
reasonably correct,giventhat the manhimsellhelpedin their
derign. burthewo'|5ofLaguerre andRo:(dalefromlaterand WIGS
should not be too heavily relied upon. Ironicatly Rosts Finally,inpassing,afewchanges weretakingplacein thedesign
paintingsof Marlborough's campaigns showharstumedup on of periwigs-As the pe od progressedthey continuedthe
oneor moresides. burno tncorns. Wherher hewasall€mtline process of lookinglesslik€ naturalhairwhichhadbegunin the
lo ponrayhisconcepL of rhedres<of 1704-Sor',\helherh; wd; late 1660s.They becametaller with. ftom the mid-1690s,
workingftorn 'eyewitness' accountsis unknown.Despirerhis considerable peaksdiscemableat rheir summits.The coloun
l5
too becamelessnatural,with greyandwhitebecomingpopular all but ceasedto exist.
after the centurvhad turned. To go $ith the fusil a new set of equipmentwasissuedto the
French soldier. The cartouchebox was now a smaller 'belly'
WEAPONS AND EQIIIPMENT pouchattachedto the waistbelt, the shoulderbeltwasthinner
The Frenchinfantry that energed to beginthe conflicts of 1?01 andonly held-upthe po\rder flask. The swordwasstill attached
hadchanged somewhat fromthe 'fantassins' of 1697.Firstly,the to the waist belt, but the bayonet, which had previously hung
musketeerwho hadretired into winter qua(ers for the last time alongside ihe cartouche box on the right hip, was now
afterthe Treatyof Ryswickhadbecomea tusilier.By 1702the positionedwith the sword.
re-equipingof the French anny with flintlock musketsor fusils
hadbeenalmostcompleted.They had not, however,adopted TIIE REGIMENT
the platoon methodsof fire control used by their Dutch, Below are listedall rcgrm€ntsformed before 1702who werestill
English,and Geman enemies.In the earlierwarsthe Grand in existenceon that date.Part Two of this articlewill detail those
Alliancehadbeensooufgenealledthatthe advantages of their units formed duing or after 1702.
superior tactical doctrine had not been appreciat€d,but t}lis Any changesin colonelsareshownandthe colour platesshow
time it would be different. Arso rnissing from the French all alterations in the uniforms or flags of these units. Unless
infantry battalion, and likewise from most other European statedotherwiseunits not illustrated rctained th€ samecolours
armies, was the pikeman. Th€ introduction of the flindock in their uniforms, but cut to the new style. (Seethe earlier pans
togetherwith the socket bayonet, which enabled fire to of this seriesfor detailsof these.)Likewisewere the C.O. of
continueevenwhenthe bayonetwas fixed, had soundedthe 1697 is still in command dudng the War of the Spanish
'deathknell' of the 'queenof battles'.Also contributingto the his detailswill be listedunderthe regimentin the
Succession
demiseof the pike werethe newtactics.Linear formationsthree earlier part.
to five ranksdeepweretrainedto delivermassedvolleysand Tables showing the war records of the regiments are also
without the offensivepole-armsof before the firepower of the
battalionbecamethe methodofdecidinginfantry engagements. (Some additional informatiion on drcss and flags has been
Socritical is the changein tacticsthat modemhistoriansse€mto providedby Mr- David Wilson. Where this h the casethe
be of the opinionthat with the exc€ptionof the disputingof relevant commenthasbeen marked DW. Many thanks to Mr.
built-up-areasand fortifications the infantry vs. infantry melee Wilsor for hisinterestandassistance).
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INFANTRY
OFTHEWAROF OURCHES/AOULAY/EPPEVILLE
1702:N. omre deourches
THESPANISH
SUCCESSION 1710,Francoi!deBo!.ll.s,l Epp€ville
LOI]VIGNIES/SIFFREDY
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VILLEMONT HEROUVILLEAHESIJT/CONFLAI\ISST.REMY
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CONFLANS.MENARS/d'ASTOUR/d'HERNOTON 1702:N. desGengerezor Fewerets l7l0: Alexandre'Philipp€-
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Sr.
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1707: F.dcois du Prat de Nanrouiller. conre de
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l7L6:Chanes.omre deMonreson
SeFice:FlandeE(dnbandedtn1709) FROULAY LETORIEI{E5
BRYAS/CROLtsOURNONvILLE {Wrlloo.) 1702:Charre5Francopk.comrede Froulay
tTll: N. chcvalierdeL.roric*\
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Senie Flandes, Sp.y!.ba.h KERGOSON I705: .rean.Francois.Ch.volier d. R.diq d. Bib.rqA
BANDEvILII 1702,N chevalicrdeSr Simon r 706r Giles Genais de ra Rfthe Lonag.e
l7U2: N. maiqun de Bandeville 1705rPhirippeA4use..omrede votune
Senice:Blenheim(colonel killed. lear disbandedl Sepicc: ftaly. Sp.in & AInaMr. Flrgshown isoncof
CHABRILLAN'T l7l l: Franeh.lhevalierdevarenne! Kereoson rsopo$iblede5igns-theorherwill be illEtared in pan
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Senice:Blenhcin lcoldnelkilled-re!r disbanded) 1702:CuvClaude Rolandde Monhorcncy. omre de SCEVE/CHOISEUUMURAT
U.ifo.m lnor lusrated), Grev coar. rcd cufis. ven. 1702:N. chevalierdeS.e!c
breeche\and lockinss Yellos burons Jnd hd la.e. 1705:Jean-Chanesde ta Fene. narouisde Sennecrere l70l: N. ChoiseulSrain!ille
Drumme.,red od lirh!re\ culG Nodek:hofl&e. Selvice Flande^ & Bou.hili
CASTELET l70l: N Chonenl Franciercs
t70?:N. che\alierd Atbarcr 1701,ChallesFelir H!acinrhsdc calean des hsan6.
s e r ! n e : B l e n h c i m ( c o l o n el el kd . r e F r . d i s b a n d e d ) senice: Rhine. F cdlingen. Lrndau & Sptyerba.h
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INFANTRY
OFTHEWARS
OFTHESPANISH
succEssloN
1701-15
PartThree
By MarkAllen
This is the third and iinal parl of the seriesand coversmore LA FEUILLADE
regimentsformed betwccnl70l and1709.Allapanfrom Royal 1704:Louisd'Aubusson.ducde la Feuillade
Baviereweredisbanded al the endof the conflict. Service:ltaly andTurin.
Beforegoingonlo the regiments themselves in moredetail.l
TESSE(Savoy)
wouldlike to makea fewcommenlson the regiments listedin 1704:Renede Froulay.comtedeTesse.
thisarticleandthe previouspan (seeWI64).
Service:Alps.
The flagfor the regimentSt. Germain'Beaupre (WI64.plate
one) hasalsobeenshownby other sourcesas havinga whik
saltireon thebluefieldin I and4. andalsoashavingthefieldsof MONTENEGRE(Piedmontais)
2 and 3 and the saltiresin I and 4 red. The flag for Brancas 1704:Jean-Baptiste, marquisde Montenegre
(WI64, plate one) shouldshow an arm. in naturalcolours, (Disbanded in 1705).
protrudingfrom the top of the red towers.The flagshownfor
BELTRAMBI (halian)
tbesecondregimentFroulay(WI64,platetwo) mightbereadas
1705:N. de Beltrarnbi
havingwhat I haveshownaslhe entirefield ofthe flagin each
(Disbanded in 1706).
canton,minus.of coursethe whitecross.For both Vigier and
Reding(WI64.platetwo) the colonelscolouris showflasthese RANGONI (Italian)
differfrom the rest.who all. I believe.carriedthe normalplain 1705:N. de Rangoni
whiteflag. (Fornedfrom the MiliciaofModena).
RoyalBavierewasformedfromnembersof theold Bavarian FUSILIERSDE MONTAGNES 4 baltalions
armywhichhadbeenalmostdeslrovedafterBlenheimandthe d'Orffa de Villeplana(from the Roussillon
U05: Bonaventure
remnanlsof whichwercnow€xiled. alongwith rheirsovereign.Milicia)
in Flanders. Service:Pyrenees.
Anywayhere\ the nextbalchofregiments:
SEGURTDANOIS
LA RAIMBAUDIERE 1705:N. de Segur
1702:Alexafldrede Goyon.marquisde la Raimbaudiere 1706:Henri-Francois, comtede Segur
Ser.r'ice:Garrisons. 170q. I ours-Francoi.de Cemay.comledeDanois
BOUFTLERS.RFMIANCOUR'] CHOI5FUT Service:Spain(villaviciosa).
1702:CharlesFrancois.narquisdc BoufflersRemiancourl NOE
1710:N. chevalierde Choiseul 1706:Marc Roger,marquisde Noe
Service:Flanders.Lille andMalplaquet. Service:RoussillonandSpain.
Other details: Drummers maf' have dressedin grecn as
Boumers. THORIGNY/CHAMBAUD
1706:N. de Thorigny
PlSANCON/LESQUENDE VILLEMENEUST 1706:N. de Chambaud
1702:N. de Pisancon (2 battalionsformedfrom the MiliciaofCaen)
1707:N. de Lesquende Villerneneust Service:Flanders.
Service:Italy andthe Alps.
JAUCOURT/MANCINI/CHASTES/CLERMONT-
AUBIGNE/NOGARET MONTOISON
1702:tnuis'Francois.comted AubignedeTign, 1706:N. de Jaucourt
1705:Francoisde Calvisson. marquisdeNogaret 1?08:N. de Mancini
Scrvice:FIanders. 1709:LouisdeClermonl-Tonnerre,marquisde Chastes
VAUDREUIL/BRANCAS/LOSTANGES 1710:N. de Clermont-Montoison
1702:N. de Vaudreuil DUC DE NOAILLES/'I-ABAUME
1706:Henri Anloine-Thomas. chevalierde Brancas-Courdon 1706:Adrien-Maurice, ducde Noailles
1710:N. marquisde Lostanges-Beduer 1713:N. de la Baume
Service:Flanders. Service:Roussillon.
ARGINY/AUBUSSON/VARENNESGOURNAY MARECHAL DE NOAILLES/BOUHYER
1702:AnloineCamus,comted Arginy 1706:Anne-Jules,marechalde Noailles
1706:N.d Aubusson 1709:Benignede Bouhyer
1708:Jean'BaptisledeVarennes-Goumay Servi€e:RoussillonandDauphine
Service:Garrisons.
CHAMILLYA4ORNAC
LACHAU-MONTAUBAN 1706:NoelBouton,marechalde Chanilly
1702:Francois-Heclor
de la Tour du Pin. comt€de Lachau- 1707:Charles-Leon
BoscaldeReals,comtede Mornac
Senice:Garrisons.
Servicc:RhineandFlanders
Presenls
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21stMARCH
1993
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t; I h e f , u t l q n dH o f e l ,S h r f f i e l d .I e l ! ( 0 7 4 2 )6 5 { 4 l l
GRIGNAN/BELLAFFAIRE URBAN/AMBRESoTUMBRES/GUIGNONVILLE
1706:N.de Gngnan 1706:N. d'Urban
lT0TrJosephdu Guaslde Bellaffaire l7l0: Daniel-FrancoisdeGelasdeVoisins,chevalierd'Ambres
ServiceiSpain(Almanza). l7l2: N. Lenainde Guignonviue
service:Flanders( Defenceor Ouesnoy).
BOUFFLERSEOMBELLES
1706:Anloine-CharlesLouis.comtede Bouffle,s BRAGNY,^./IELLEVIGNE/GRANDLIEU/ARROSDES
lTtl: Henri-Francois,
comtede Bombelles HAYES
Service:Flanders(Oudenarde.Malplaquet,Denain). 1706:N.. chevalierde Bragny
1707:N.de Cruxde Vi€llevigne
VILLEQUIERT'I-E TELLIEfu LA MOTTE 1708:N.de Cruxde Grandlieu
1706:N. d Aumontde Villequier l7l0:Jean-Armand.comted Arros d Argelos
1709:N. Le Tellier 1712:N. DesHayes
1712:N. deLa Motte Service:FlandersGanisons.
Service:FlandersGarrisons.
CHOISEI-/HOUDETOT
CLAIRFONTAINE/TALLYRAND,A,IAULEVRIER 1706rN.. chevalierde Choisel
1706:N. de Clairfontaine 1712iN.. chevalierd'Houdetot
1712: N. deTallyrand Service:Spa'n.
l7i4: N. deMaulevrier KAERGROETo' KEROUARTZSEBBEVILLE
Scrvice:Spain. 1706:N. de Kaergroet
ROMAINVAL/CORMIS 1708:FrancoisCadot.chevalierde Sebbeville
1706:N. de Romainval Service:FlandersGarrisons.
1712:N. de Cormis LA LONDE
Service:Alps. 1706:N-. chevalierdela Londe
CONFLANS/LAVAL/RUYS Service:Garrisons.
1706:N. de Conflans BRUSCART/GOELLO
1709:N.. comtede Laval 1706:N. de Brudande Sillery
l7l2: N. de Ruys 1712:N. de Goello
Servicc:FlandersGarrisons. Service:Garrisoosin Alsace.
&uED!$N+l@
SAIIrANE
kRqRmlec c4Rl_0s
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bAVITRE
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CHATAOERJ'INI
42
BOURDONNE/CHAMPIGNY/CASTELNAU ALBERGOTTI/LETTERIO(ltalian)
1706:N. de Bourdonne 1707:N.Albergotti
1707:N. de Chanpigny 1711:N. Leuerio
1712:N. de Castelnau ServicerFlanders.
Servic€:SpainandDauphine.
GRIMALDT/CAETANO(ltalian)
Comted'HOUDETOT/CAYLUS 1707:N. Grinaldi
1706:N., comted'Houdetot 1711:N. Caetano
r7l2: N., chevalierde Caylus Service:Flanders.
Service:FlandersCarrisons.
LOS RIOS (Spanish:calledLas Sierrasafter 1710and l-eon
SAILLANTruSSEL after l?11)
d'Estaing,marquisde Saillanl
1706:Charles-Francois 1707:Col. N- de Los Rios
1712:N. d'Ussel Service:Flanders.
Service:Dauphineandthe Rhine.
MACHIENO/VILLESCA(Spanhh)
VILLELONGUE/MONTREAU 1707:Col. N. Ma€hieno
1706:N. de Villelongue 1711:N. de Villesca
1710:N. de Montreau
SOHE/MIGNONS/KERKEM(Walloon)
Service:Garrisons.
1707:Col. N. de Sohe
BAUMELAYMOUCHAN/DAMAS/'HOUDETOT 1709:N. de Mignons
1706:N. de Baumelay 17lr: N., baronde Kerkem
1?07:JeandeCastilon,comtede Mouchan Service:Flanders.
(killed at Tortese1708) ASSIGI'.IY/SCEPEAUX
1708:Jean-Jacques, chevalierde Damas 1707:N. de Cosse,narquisd Assigny
1712:N., comted'Houdetot 1708:N. de Beaupreau,marquisdeScepeaux
1714:N. de Regnier,comtede cuerchy Se ice:Flanders.
Service:SpainandDauphine.
CANILLACtsELLESUVEE/FEUQUIERES
GRAMMONT/SCEVE l?07:N. de Canillac
1706:N. marquisde Grammont 1?08:N. de Bellesuvee
1709:N., chevalierde Sceve 1710:N. de Pas,chevalierdeFeuquieres
Service:Alps. Service:Flanders.
MONTSORREAU PRATAMANO/CARAFFA (ltalian)
l?06: Louis-vincentdu Bouchetde Sourches.chevalierde 1707:Col-N. Pratamano
1?11:N. Caraffa
Service:Garrisons. Service:Flanders.
ABLOISde IaVIEUVILLE EVOLY/BACHER/COUPIGNY(Walloon)
1706:N. de Abloisde la Vieuvile 1707:Col. N. d'Evoly
Service:Dauphine. U09: N- de Bacher
PONTdUCHATEAU/LEON 1710:N. de Coupigny
1706:N., rnarquisde Pontdu Chateau Service:Flanders.
1710:N. de Roan,chevalierdeLeon MATRIMONT/BOURE (watloon)
Service:SpainandDauphine. 1707:Col. N. d€ Matrinont
PAYRELA/STORFF(Walloor) 1710:N. d€ Boure
1?07:Col-N. Payrela S€rvice:Fland€rs.
1710:Col. N. de Stofff RUPPELMONDE/BOURNONVILLE(walloon)
PANTOKA/BYLANDT (Walloon) 1707:Col. N., marquisde Ruppelmonde
1707:N. Pantoka 1711:N., chevalierde Bournorville
1709:N., baronde Bylandt Service:Flanders.
Service:Flanders. POLEON(waltoon)
WEINLEY/HAMAT (Walloon) 1707:N.de Poleon
1707:N. de weinl€y Servicernanders.
1709:N. d'Harnar ROYAL BAVIERE (Gennan)
RHEINGRAF/HOUDENHOE(German) 1707: Maximillian-Emmanuel of Bavaria (formed from 2
1707:N. de Rheingraf companies oftbe BavarianGuardsand6oftheFrenchregrment
1708:N. barond'Houdenhoe d'Alsace)
Seflice:Flanders. ServiceiOnthe Rhine.