TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

ANNA UNIVERSITY (2 Marks) QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

UNIT-II
FOURIER TRANSFORM
TWO MARKS

1) Write the Fourier transform pair.

Ans :Let f(x) be a given function defined in (-∞,+∞) then the fourier transform is given by

�
1
F [ f ( x)] = F ( s) = �f ( x)e dx - - - -(1)
isx

2p -�
corresponding inverse formula is given by

�
1
�
- isx
f ( x) = F ( s) e dx - - - -(2) . Equation (1) & (2) jointly called as fourier transform
2p -�

pair.
2) If FC  S  is the Fourier cosine transform of f(x), prove that the Fourier cosine transform of

1  s
f(ax) is FC   .
a a
�
2
p�
Ans : we know that Fc [ f ( ax)] = f ( ax) cos sxdx .
0

Put ax = u , then x ����

0 u 0, u

   
� � �
2 1 2 1 2 1
Fc [ f (ax)] = �f (u ) cos( su ) du = � f (u ) cos s u du = �f (t ) cos s tdt = Fc ( s )
p0 a a a p a a p0 a a a
0

3) If F(S) is Fourier transform of f(x), write the Fourier transform of f(x)cos(ax) in terms of F.
� �
1 1 eiax + e -iax
Ans: F [ f ( x) cos ax] = �f ( x) cos axe dx = �f ( x)e
isx isx
dx
2p -� 2p -�
2
� �
1�1 1 � 1
�f ( x)e dx + �f ( x)e
i ( s+a ) x i ( s -a) x
= � dx �= [ F ( s + a ) + F ( s - a )]
2 � 2p -� 2p -�
2

4) State the Convolution theorem for Fourier transforms.

Ans: The Fourier transform of the convolution of f ( x )* g ( x) is the product of their Fourier

transform. F [ f ( x )* g ( x)] = F [ f ( x)].F [ g ( x)] = F ( s ).G ( s ) .

5) If F(S) is Fourier transform of f(x), then find the Fourier transform of f(x-a).
�
1 isx
F( s ) = �f ( x )e dx
2p -�
Ans :
�
1
F  f  x - a  = �f ( x - a )e
isx
dx
2p -�
Put t = x-a , x ���
-� t -
dt=dx , x ���� t
1 � e ias �
F  f  x-a   = � f ( t )e is( a + t )
dt = � f ( t )e ist dt
2p -� 2p -�

ias 1 �
= e [ � f ( t )e ist dt ] = e ias F(s) .
2p -�

6) If F s  S  is the Fourier Sine transform of f(x), show that

1
FS  f  x  cos ax  =  F S  s + a  + FS  s - a   .
2

2�
Fc [ f ( x )cos ax ] =
p 0�
f ( x )cos ax sin sxdx

2� sin( s + a )x - sin( s - a )x �
�
= �
p0
f ( x )�
� 2
dx
�
�
Ans:
1 2 � �
[ f ( x ) sin( s + a )xdx - � f ( x ) sin( s - a )xdx ]
2 p 0�
=
0
1
= � F  s + a  - Fs ( s - a )�.
2 �s �

Solve the integral equation  f  x  cos  xdx = e .
-
7) (April 2004)
0
Ans :
�
-
Given : �f ( x )cos  xdx = e
0
The fourier cosine transform is
2� 2 -
Fc  f ( x ) = f ( x )cos sxdx =
p 0�
e .
p
The inverse fourier cosine transform is
2� 2 � 2 - 2 � -
p 0�c p 0�p p 0�
f(x) = F ( s )cos sxds = e cos sxds= e cos sxds

2 � e- � 2� 1 � 2 1
= � ( - cos sx + s sin sx ) � = �0 - ( -1 )� = .
p �1 + s 2
� p � 1+ s
2
� p 1 + s2
 1 : x a
8) Find the Fourier transform of f(x) if f  x  =  x a0
. (April 2004)
0 :
1 � 1 1 �
F  f ( x ) = � f ( x )e isx dx = � f ( x )e isx dx
2p -� 2p 2p -�
x  a f(x)=0 in -�< x < -a & a< x < �.
a
Ans : 1 a isx �e isx �
F  f ( x ) = �
2p - a
e dx =
1
2p
� � =
�is �- a
1 1 isa
2p is

e - e - isa 
1 1 2 sin sa
=2i sin sa = .
2p is p s
9) Find the Fourier cosine transform of e - x . (Nov 2004)
Ans :
2 � -x 2� 1 �
Fc ( e - x ) = �e cos sxdx = 0+ 2
p0 p � s + 1�
�
�

�
2� 1 �� a �
Fc (e - x )= Q
�. � e - ax cos bxdx =
� �
p�
�s 2 + 1 � � 0 a 2 + b2 �
 d f  x  n
10) Find a) F  x n f  x   and b) F  n  in terms of the Fourier transform of f
 dx 
1 � isx
( a ) F(s) =
2p -�
�f ( x )e dx
�
1 �
d d 1 � f ( x )e isx dx = �f ( x ) �s e
isx
dx
F( s ) = � 2p -�
ds ds 2p -�

�
1 isx
=
2p
�f ( x )( ix )e dx
-�
2 �
d F( s ) 1 d isx
ds 2
=
2p ds �f ( x )( ix )e dx
-�
�
1 � isx �
=
2p
��s �
�
f ( x )( ix )e dx
�
-�
�
1 2 isx
=
2p
�f ( x )( ix ) e dx .
-�
In general ,
�
d nF ( s ) n 1 n
n
= (i) �x f ( x )e isx dx .
ds 2p -�
 d n f ( x )�
�
F � n �= (-is)n F ( s )
(b) � dx �
when n=1 ,
� �
df ( x ) �
� 1 1
F� = ' isx
�f ( x ) e dx = �e
isx
d  f ( x )
� dx � � 2p -� 2p -�
� � � �
1 � isx �
= ��
e f ( x ) � - � f ( x )( is )e isx dx �
2p �� �
-�
-� �
�
- is isx
=
2p
�f ( x )e dx � -is F(s).
-�
Similarly we can proved.

11) State Fourier integral theorem. (April 2005) (May/June 2009)

Ans :
If f(x) is a given function defined in the interval (-��
, ) and satisfies the Dirichlet's
1 ��
condition f(x)=
p 0��f ( t )cos  ( t - x )dtd  is known as fourier integral theorem.
-�
1
12) Find the Fourier Sine transform of . (April 2005),(Dec 2008)
x
2� 2 �1
W .K .T Fs  f ( x ) =
p 0� p 0�
f ( x ) sin sxdx = sin sxdx
x
Ans :
2 �sin sx 2p p � �sin sx p �
= =
p 0� x �x
= dx . �Q dx = �
p 2 2 � �0 2 �
�
13) Find the Fourier transform of e - x ,   0 . (Nov/Dec 2005)

Ans: Let f(x) = e - a x .

The fourier transform is
� �
1 1 - a x isx
F  f ( x ) = �f ( x )e
isx
dx = �e e dx
2p -� 2p -�
�
2 �
-a x 2 �e - ax �
= �
e cos sxdx = �2  - a cos sx + s sin sx  �
2p 0
p a + s2
� �
0
2 � 1 � 2 a
= 0 -  - a  = . .
p �
� a2 + s2
� p 2
� a + s2

1 0  x  1
14) Find the Fourier cosine integral representation of f  x =  .
0 x 1
 The fourier cos ine int egral is
2� �
2� 1
f(x) = � cos  x � f ( t )cos  tdtd  = � cos  x � cos  tdtd 
Ans : p0 0
p 0 0
� 1 �
2 sin  t �
� 2 �sin  �
= � cos  x � � d = cos  x �
� d
�
p 0 � � 0 p 0 � �
-x
15) Find the Fourier Sine transform of f(x)= e . (May 2006)
� �
2 2
We know that , Fs  f ( x ) = �f ( x ) sin sxdx = �
e -x
sin sxdx
p 0
p 0
Ans :
2 s
= .
p s2 + 1
1  s
16) Prove that F  f  ax   = F   , a>0. (May 2006)
a a
2�
Fc  f ( ax ) =
p 0�
f ( ax )cos sxdx

Put ax=y ; x=0, y=0

dy
dx= ; x=�, y=�.
a
Ans :
2� �sy �dy 1 2 � �s �
Fc  f ( ax ) = � f ( y )cos � � = � f ( x )cos � � xdx
p0 �a �a a p 0 �a �

1 �s �
= F �� .
a c� a�
17) If F  f  x   = f  s  then give the value of F  f  ax   . (May 2006)
Ans : Sama as 16
1 x 1
18) Find the Fourier transform of f  x  =  x 1
. (May 2006)Ans :
0
� a
1 1
we know that , F  f ( x ) = �f ( x )e
isx
dx = �f ( x )e
isx
dx
2p -� 2p -a
a
1 a �isx � �isx �
(i.e) F  f ( x ) = �e dx �=
2p - a �
1
2p
e
� � =
�is �
1 1 isa
2p is

e - e - isa 
-a
1 1 2 sin sa
= 2i sin sa = .
2p is p s

19) Find the Fourier cosine transform of f(x) defined as

  x for 0 x1

f  x  = 2 - x for 1 x  2. (Nov/Dec 2006)
 0 for x2

The fourier cosine transform is
Ans : 2� 2�1 2 �
Fc  f ( x ) = = +  - 
p 0� � �
f ( x )cos sxdx � x cos sxdx 2 x cos sxdx �
p �
0 1 �
1 2
2 � �sin sx � � � �
cos sx � sin sx � � �
cos sx �
= x�
� �-� 2 � �  2 - x �
+� � �-  -1  � 2 � �
p �� s � � s � �0 � � s � �s � �0
2� sin s cos s 1 cos 2s sin s cos s � 2 � 2 cos s - cos 2s - 1 �
= � - 2 + + - - �= � �.
p �s s s2 s2 s s � p � s2 �
20) P.T F  e f  x   = F  s + a  where
iax
F  f  x = F  s . (M/J 2007)

iax 2 � iax
� �
F e f(x) = e f ( x )e isx dx
� � p �
-�
Ans :
2 �
= � f ( x )e i( s + a )x dx = F(s+a).
p -�
21) Write down the Fourier cosine transform pair formulae. (M/J 2007)
The fourier cosine transform of f(x) is denoted by Fc ( s ) and it is given by
Ans: 2�
Fc ( s ) = F c [ f ( x )] =
p 0�
f ( x )cos sxdx.........( 1 )

The corresponding inversion formula

2�
p 0�c
f(x)= F ( s )cos sxds..........( 2 )

Equations (1) and (2) joinly called as fourier cosine transform pair.

22) If F  f  x   = f  s  prove that F  f  x - a   = e - ias f  s  . (N/D 2003),(Nov 2005)

Given : F  f(x) = F ( s )
�
1
F  f ( x - a ) = �f ( x - a )e
isx
dx
Ans : 2p -�
Put x-a = y; x= -�, y = -�
dx= dy ; x=�, y= �.
 1 �
F  f ( x - a ) = � f ( y )e is( y + a )dy
2p -�
�
1 isy
= �e f ( y )e ias dy
2p -�
e ias �
= � f ( x )e iax dx = e ias F ( s ).
2p -�
23) Prove that if F  f  x  = F  s  , then F  f  x - a  = e isa F  s  (Dec 2008)
�
1 isx
F( s ) = �f ( x )e dx
2p -�
1 �
F  x - a = � f ( x - a )e isx dx
2p -�
Put t = x-a ; x ���
-� t -
Ans :
dt = dx ; x ���� t .
1 � e ias �
F  x - a = � f ( t )e is( a + t )
dt = � f ( t )e ist dt
2p -� 2p -�
�1 � �
= e ias � � f ( t )e ist dt �= e ias F ( s ).
� 2p -� �

24) Find the Fourier transform of f  x  defined by

1 , a xb
f  x =  .(Dec 2008)
0 , otherwise

The fourier transform of f(x) is

� b
1 1 b isx 1 �e isx �
F  f ( x ) = �f ( x )e
isx
dx = � e dx = � �
Ans: 2p -� 2p a 2p �is � a

1 e ibs - e ias �
�
= � �.
2p � is �

x , 0 xp
f  x = 
25) Find the Fourier Cosine transform of 0 , xp . (Dec 2008)
 2�
The fourier cosine transform is Fc  f ( x ) =
p 0�
f ( x )cos sxdx

u = x dv=cossx
2p
Fc  f ( x ) = u�
p 0�
x cos xdx =1 v=sinsx
Ans : u��
=0 v1 =-cossx
2 2
=  x sin sx - cos sx  p0 =  p ( 0 ) - cos sp + 1
p p
2
=  1 - cos sp  .
p


F x 2 f  x = -  d2
F  s
26) If F  f  x  = F  s  , prove that ds 2 . (Dec 2008)
d n F ( s)
F [ x n f ( x )] = (-1) n
ds n
�
1
f ( x) =
2p -�� f ( x )eisx dx

Differentiating on both sides twice, we've

�
Ans : By property, d 2 1
F (s) = �f ( x)(ix) e
2 isx
dx
2p
2
ds -�
�
i2
�f ( x)( x) e
2 isx
= dx
2p -�

d2
Therefore , F[x 2 f(x)]=(-i)2 F ( s ).
ds 2
1
27) Find the Fourier sine transform of x. (Dec 2008)
Ans : We know that ,

� � � �
2 2 1 2 sin sx 2p p sin ax p
Fs [ f ( x)] =
p0�f ( x) sin sxdx = �
p0x
sin sxdx = �(
p 0 x
) dx =
p 2
=
2
[ Since, � dx = ]
0
x 2

28) State Parseval’s identity on complex Fourier transforms. (Dec 2008)

If f(x) is a given function defined in (-��
, ) then it satisfy the identity
� 2 � 2

�f ( x ) dx = �F ( s ) ds.
-� -�

29) If F  f  x  = F  s  then prove that  

F e iax f  x  = F  s + a  . (Dec 2008)
 � �
1 1 i( a + s )x
e iax f ( x )�=
F� iax isx
�e f ( x )e dx = �f ( x )e dx
Ans : � � 2p -� 2p -�
= F  s + a .

30) State Modulation theorem in Fourier transform. (Dec 2008)

1
Fc  f ( x )cos ax  = Fc  s + a  + Fc  s - a  �
�
� �
2
Ans :
1
Fs  f ( x )cos ax  = Fs  s + a  + Fs  s - a  �
�
� �.
2
31) Give a function which is self reciprocal under Fourier sine and cosine transforms. (Dec
2008)
1
x
Ans : The function e is self reciprocal under fourier sine and
also fourier cosine transform .

If Fc  f  x  = Fc  s  , then prove that Fs  xf  x   = -  Fc  s   . (Dec 2008)

d
32)
ds
-d
To prove : Fs  xf ( x ) = �
F ( s )�
ds �c �
Ans :
d d �2 � � 2 ��
Fc  f ( x ) = � � f ( x )cos sxdx �
= �s  f ( x )cos sx dx
ds ds �p 0 � p0�

d 2� 2�
F  f ( x ) = - f ( x )x sin sxdx = -
p 0� p 0�
xf ( x ) sin sxdx
ds c
= -Fs  xf ( x ) .

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