Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI – Western Visayas
Division of Bacolod City
Andres Bonifacio Senior High School

Reading and Writing

Detailed Lesson Plan

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
A. Draw a main idea from the items found inside the bags
B. Give the definition of the difficult words in the text
C. Define what a topic sentence is
D. Identify the topic sentence in a reading text
E. Observe the proper way in determining the topic sentence

II. SUBJECT MATTER

Topic: Topic Sentence Reference:
Tiongson, Marella Therese A., Rodriguez, Maxine Rafaella C.; 2016.
“Identifying the Topic Sentence” Reading and Writing Skills. Rex Books
Publishing House Instructional Materials:  Balloons
• Main Idea Bags
• Visual aids and pictures
• Worksheets for the students

Value Focus: Being kin and careful in determining the important ideas found
in reading text or selection.
ICT : identifying social media
Agriculture: determining seeds
Social Studies: determining Philippine National Heroes
Math: graphs and symbols

III. PROCEDURE
TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY
A. Preparation

1. Opening Prayer

2. Greetings

Good morning, class. Good morning, ma’am.

How is your day today? It is fantastic, ma’am.

That is good to know, class.

3. Attendance
(Teacher refers to the students’
seating arrangement chart)

Who’s absent today? There is none, ma’am.

 B. Motivation
Main Idea Bags Activity: Sample Main Idea Bags:
The teacher places five (5) sets of main idea
bags on the table in front of the class.

Direction:
The teacher places each group of item or
pictures or words on cards in separate The students open the main idea bags to
bags. Have the students open the bags, see the items inside it.
look at the items and figure out the main
idea of the bag.

For example, if a bag had a small pot, The students enumerate the different items
packet of seeds, garden trowel and a small found inside the main idea bag.
bag of soil, students would guess that the
main idea is “planting” or “gardening”.

The teacher calls students at random.

Motivational Questions:
Main Idea Bag #1:
• What are the items inside the bag? Technology

Main Idea Bag #2:

• Base on the items that you found Social Media
inside the bag, what idea can you
draw from it?

Items: CD, DVD, flash drive, cell phone

Items: Picture of the icons of Facebook,

Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat
Items: Reader’s Digest, novel, pocket book Main Idea Bag #3:
Reading or Book Collecting

Very good!

The activity has a connection to the lesson

that I am about to teach you, class.

What do you call a sentence that holds the Topic Sentence, ma’am.
main idea of a certain paragraph?

That’s right!

It is called a topic sentence, class. Let us try

to see if you really are right about your
answer through this short activity.

C. Presentation of the Topic

Letter Scrabble Activity: Sample Letter Placement:
Let us try to find out if our lesson for today
really is about topic sentence. T O P I C S E N T E N C E

Direction:
Have students pop each balloon and place The students pop the balloons and place
the missing letters on the board, hence, the cut-out letters on the board to reveal
revealing the topic to the students. the topic of the lesson.

The teacher facilitates the students of the

activity.

First word set First word answer: TOPIC

Second word set Second word answer: SENTENCE

Very good!

As you try to read through a particular

paragraph that you have read through
your favorite books or novels, you try to
ask yourself of what can be the main idea
of this certain part of the book. You tend to
look for the topic sentence of that
paragraph.

That is why our lesson for today plays a

very significant role in your reading.

Setting Objectives for Students:

Before we continue, we have objectives for
our class today.
The students read today’s goals found on
Let us all read our goals for today, class.
the board.

Objectives:
A. Define what is a topic sentence and
its types and positions
B. Identify the topic sentence in a
reading text
C. Observe the proper way in
determining the topic sentence
 D. Unlocking of
Difficulties
Now that you know the topic for today’s
lesson, let us first define some difficult
words that we might encounter.

Direction:
Match column A to column B to define the
difficult words.

1. Thesis Statement Thesis Statement means a short statement

Sentence: I want to know what the entire that summarizes the main point of an
essay is all about and finding the thesis essay.
statement is the way to do it.

2. Explicit
Explicit means ideas are stated clearly and
Sentence: It was easy for me to find the in detail.
main point of the paragraph because all of
the ideas are states in an explicit way.

3. Implied
Implied means suggested ideas but not
Sentence: I can really tell that the main directly stated.
idea of this paragraph is implied because it
is not directly stated here.

4. Paragraph Paragraph means a clear written or

Sentence: I am about to finish writing and printed work that contains one thought
my last paragraph should be striking to and normally begins on a new line.
give the readers a good closing.

5. Essay Essay means a short piece of writing on a

Sentence: Writing an essay is easy if you particular subject.
have decided on what you want to write
about.

With that short activity, we are now ready

(The students listen to the teacher)
to proceed with our lesson about topic
sentence. But before we proceed, is there
anything you want to know about the
topic?
 E. Discussion
The teacher distributes the hand outs for
the students to be guided.

Sample Hand Out:

“Topic Sentence”

For Calling a Student:

I have a fudgee bar here in my hand. Yes, ma’am.
Whoever catches this will be the one to
answer or to read the paragraph as
instructed. Is that clear, class?

• Read the examples on the board.

(Teacher throws fudgee bars at three (3) Each student reads the examples that are
students for each of them to read the found on the board.
examples)

Questions after reading:

• Base from the paragraphs that you Each student states the main idea from
have read, what is the main idea? their paragraphs.

 How you define now a topic sentence?

 Why do you think that is the topic sentence of

the paragraph?

Very good!

Okay, class. Let us proceed. But before No, ma’am.

that, do you have any questions regarding
on determining the topic sentence within a
paragraph?
Base from your answer, how would A topic sentence is simplythe main idea of
Since there are no questions from you, the paragraph, ma’am.
class. I believe you know now how to
determine the topic sentence within a The preceding sentences in the paragraph
paragraph? supports the topic sentence, ma’am.

True or False Strategy:

Have the students answer the statements
about the topic sentence. Let them choose
whether the statement is true or false and
let them defend as to why the statement is
true or false.

Statements for True or False:

Test what you have learned about topic sentences by
answering the following questions. Circle true or false.

1. The topic sentence is usually the TRUE FALSE first

sentence in the paragraph.

2. The topic sentence is the most TRUE FALSE important

idea in a paragraph.

3. The topic sentence tells what idea will be developed in the

paragraph. TRUE FALSE

4. The topic sentence is usually found in one of the detail sentences.

TRUE FALSE
5. Details provide the framework for
the paragraph. TRUE FALSE

6. Everything in the paragraph must TRUE FALSE

point to the topic sentence.

7. All sentences in the paragraph TRUE FALSE

work together to support the
details.

(See students’ hand out at the back of this

lesson plan)

F. Application
 To check whether you have understood (The students listen and follow the
about the topic, let us now have a short teacher’s instructions for the activity)
activity.

Group Activity:
The teacher divides the class into three
(3) groups and hands each group a copy
of their tasks to identify the topic
sentence.
Sample Group Activity:
Direction:
I don’t like Every time I take a test,
For 5 minutes, identify the topic
sentence of the paragraph. Write the tests. I
topic sentence on the yellow cartolina feel nervous. When I study for a test, I
strip that is to be placed with the don’t know if I will be able to get a good
supporting details on the pink cartolina grade. Often I worry about taking a test
provided by the teacher. and can’t sleep. Sometimes I daydream
or draw pictures in class. After the test is
over, I worry about my grade. When my
teacher gives the test back to me with a
grade, I still can’t relax because I know I
will have another test
soon.
There will be three (3) groups in the
class to participate in the activity. Each
group will provided with different
paragraphs to identify the topic
sentence.

G. Generalization
Did you have fun with your activity? Yes, ma’am.

(The teacher does a refresher of the topic (The students recall what they have
for the students to remember) learned through the class discussion)

What is a topic sentence? A topic sentence tells the reader the main
idea of the paragraph.

How do you know that particular sentence We will know that particular sentence is
is the topic sentence of the paragraph? the topic sentence of the paragraph by
looking at the supporting details that the
paragraph contains. When it talks about
the certain topic that connects to the main
idea of the paragraph, you will be able to
determine the topic sentence through that
method.

We need to know the main idea of a

Why do we need to know the main idea of paragraph so that we can be aware of what
a paragraph? What trait can we develop the paragraph is all about. Thus, it can also
from it? develop the trait of being observant and
kin at the same time.

(The students express their ideas and

answers may vary)

Very good insights, class.

H. Evaluation
Now to check whether you have
understood the lesson, let us have a
evaluation for you to apply your learning
about the lesson.

The teacher distributes the evaluation The students answer the work sheets.
worksheets to the students.

Direction:
For 10 minutes, look for the topic sentence
or the main idea of the worksheets
provided. Follow instructions from the
worksheets provided by the teacher.

(See students’ evaluation worksheet at the

back of this lesson plan)