A Project Report

On
Digital light controller with visitor counter

Subject
Workshop on Basic Equipment Repair
ECE381

School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Under the guidance of:

Dr. Richa Chandel

Submitted by:
Vikas Kumar
Reg. No. – 11614207
Section – EE021
Roll No – B91

Date - / /
 Acknowledgement
I would like to earnestly acknowledge the sincere efforts and valuable time given by my
Class teacher Dr. Richa Chandel . Their valuable guidance and feedback have helped
me in completing this project.

Also, I would like to mention the support system and consideration of my parents who
have always been there in my life.

Last but not the least, my friends and colleagues who have always been there with my
side and helped me lots.

Without them, I could never had completed this task.

 Abstract

Often, we see visitor counters at stadium, mall, offices, classrooms etc. There the system can
be used to count the people and turn ON or OFF the light when nobody is inside. Today we
are here with Digital light controller project with bidirectional visitor counter by using
Arduino Uno.
We see that peoples Sometimes forget to switch off the electronics and electrical equipment
in emergency or in his/her busy schedule, so here we introduce the Digitally controlled
energy management system. So that people can use their smartphone to lock and unlock
their door without having any physical keys.
Here the whole system has been divided into two parts first one is Opening the door system
and second one is Digital counter with light controller.
 Introduction
This counter can count people in both directions. This circuit can be used to count the number
of persons entering a hall/mall/home/office in the entrance gate and it can count the number
of persons leaving the hall by decrementing the count at same gate or exit gate and it depends
upon sensor placement in mall/hall. It can also be used at gates of parking areas and other
public places.
This project is divided in four parts: sensors, controller, counter display and gate. The sensor
would observe an interruption and provide an input to the controller which would run the
counter increment or decrement depending on entering or exiting of the person. And counting
is displayed on a serial monitor through the controller.

Sensors Section:
Here I used two IR sensor. When anyone enters in the room, IR sensor will get interrupted by
the object then other sensor will not work because i have added a delay for a while.

This IR sensor consist two LED lights:

 White: Transmits the IR light
 Black: Received the IR light
IR Sensor is Digital type sensor, so Its output is high or low.
As we give power to IR Sensor using Arduino at that time White LED light is transmitted the
IR rays. This IR ray is strike with the object, it will reflect back and received at black LED
light. As this phenomenon occur IR Sensor Produce Low or High Voltage at output pins.
Condition for Working IR Sensor
 IR Sensor doesn’t work with Black colour objects, because black colour is
absorbed the transmitted rays fully
 The object must pass in the range of IR Sensor, we can adjust the intensity of
IR rays by distance adjust button
 IR Sensor doesn’t open directly to the sun
Control Section:
Arduino UNO is used for controlling whole the process of this visitor counter project. The
outputs of comparators are connected to digital pin number 14 and 19 of Arduino. Arduino
read these signals and send commands to relay driver circuit to drive the relay for light bulb
controlling.
LDR relates to pin 15. LDR sense the intensity of light available in place and produces the
relative outputs analog signal.
Here I used the buzzer to beep each time whenever a sensor detects .

Here, I used the pins:

A0 – As sensor 1st Input pin
A1 – As LDR Input pin
A5 – As sensor 2nd Input pin
Digital Pin 2 – As relay drive
Digital Pin 3 – As buzzer output

Display Section:
Display section contains the virtual inbuild serial monitor of Arduino IDE. This section will
display the counted number of people and light. It also displays the Realtime intensity of light
in the place.

Relay Driver section:

This section contains the two elements:
 BC547 Transistor
Transistor is used to drive the relay because Arduino does not supply enough
voltage and current to drive relay
 To operate the transistor as a switch the transistor needs to be turned either fully
“OFF” (cut-off) or fully “ON” (saturated). An ideal transistor switch would have
infinite circuit resistance between the Collector and Emitter when turned “fully-
OFF” resulting in zero current flowing through it and zero resistance between the
Collector and Emitter when turned “fully-ON”, resulting in maximum current
flow.

 5V Relay
Relay driver section consist a 5-volt relay for controlling the light bulb. So, we
added a relay to get enough voltage and current for load. Arduino sends
commands to this driver transistor and then light bulb will turn on/off
accordingly.
Digital light controller with visitor counter circuit diagram:

Arduino Code:
//#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
//LiquidCrystal lcd(13,12,11,10,9,8);

#define in1 14
#define in2 19
#define relay 2
#define ldr 15
#define buzzer 3
int count=0;
void IN()
{
count++;
//digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
//delay(1000);
// Serial.clear();
Serial.print("Person In Room: ");Serial.println(count);
// Serial.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.println(count);
delay(1000);
}

void OUT()
{
count--;
//digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
//delay(1000);
//lcd.clear();
Serial.print("Person In Room: ");
//lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.println(count);
delay(1000);
}

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
//lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.println("Visitor Counter");
delay(2000);
pinMode(in1, INPUT);
pinMode(in2, INPUT);
pinMode(ldr, INPUT);
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
 //lcd.clear();
Serial.println("Person In Room:");
//lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.println(count);
}

void loop()
{

if(digitalRead(in1))
{
IN();digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);delay(160);digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
if(digitalRead(in2))
{
OUT();digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);delay(160);digitalWrite(buzzer,LOW);
}
if(count<=0)
{
//lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(relay, LOW);
//lcd.clear();
Serial.println("Nobody In Room");
//lcd.setCursor(0,1);
Serial.println("Light Is Off");
delay(500);
}

else
{
 int ldrv=analogRead(ldr);
if(ldrv<=700)
{
digitalWrite(relay, HIGH);
Serial.print("Person In Room: ");Serial.println(count);
Serial.print("Its Dark, Light has been turned on.");
Serial.println(ldrv);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
Serial.print("Person In Room: ");Serial.println(count);
Serial.print("Its Bright:");
Serial.println(ldrv);
}
}
}
Digital Door Locking/Unlocking System:
This smart Lock is the secure, simple, and easy to manage your home’s lock. This lock needs
no keys and the lock is attached inside the door and we can control it from outside the door
using Bluetooth. As the lock is inside the door there is no way to break the door by a thief.
An android application is required to open and close the lock. A password is sent to the lock
using Android app and if the password is matched to your pre-set-lock password then the
lock will be open and sent a feedback to your phone like the lock is open.

 Bluetooth Module (HC-05): 

Bluetooth is a type of wireless communication used to transmit voice and data at

high speeds using radio waves. It’s widely used in mobile phones for making
calls, headset and share data. This type of communication is a cheap and easy
way to control something remotely using Arduino. For communication with
Arduino using Bluetooth a Bluetooth module need to be connected with Arduino.
I am using here HC-05 a very common and cheap one. HC-05 module has 6 pins.
We have to connect 4 pins to Arduino, they are:

RXD – It will receive data from Arduino;

TXD - It will send data to Arduino;

VCC – It is the power supply (3.3V to 6.6V);

GND - GND is the ground;

  Micro Servo SG90:

Servo motor is controlled by PWM (Pulse with Modulation) which is provided by

the control wires. There is a minimum pulse, a maximum pulse and a repetition
rate. Servo motor can turn 90 degree from either direction form its neutral
position. The servo motor expects to see a pulse every 20 milliseconds (ms) and
the length of the pulse will determine how far the motor turns. For example, a
1.5ms pulse make the motor turn to the 90° position, such as if pulse is shorter
than 1.5ms shaft moves to 0° and if it is longer than 1.5ms than it will turn the
servo to 180°. 
Servo motor works on PWM principle, means its angle of rotation is controlled
by the duration of applied pulse to its Control PIN. Basically, servo motor is
made up of DC motor which is controlled by a variable resistor (potentiometer)
and some gears. High speed force of DC motor is converted into torque by Gears.
We know that WORK= FORCE X DISTANCE, in DC motor Force is less and
distance (speed) is high and in Servo, force is High, and distance is less.
Potentiometer is connected to the output shaft of the Servo, to calculate the angle
and stop the DC motor on required angle.

Circuit diagram of digital locking system:

 Conclusion

So, at the end of this project I can say that the whole system can be used to protect and secure
the any close place as well as to count the no of peoples visited the place and accordingly
controlling the appliances.

This smart energy management system not only saves the energy but also reduces the
possibility of any electric hazardous. So, we no need to worry about the handling the our
electrical and electronics equipment.

Digital light control and visitor counter is the smart way to maintaining the records about
visitors and safely utilize the energy or hazards due to electrical fault.

References:

 https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/automatic-room-light-
controller-with-bidirectional-visitor-counter-using-arduino
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61H8pc5TAM0
 https://www.instructables.com/id/Arduino-Android-Based-Bluetooth-Control-
Password-P/
 http://ai2.appinventor.mit.edu/
 https://youtu.be/pPrKEFigT28?t=108

THANK YOU!!!

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