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Numerical Modelling For Fluid-Structure Interaction

This document discusses numerical modeling techniques for fluid-structure interaction (FSI). It covers: (1) aspects of FSI modeling including challenges at the fluid-solid interface; (2) body-fitted versus unfitted mesh methods; (3) monolithic versus staggered solution schemes; and (4) introduces a stabilized immersed framework for FSI using hierarchical B-splines, SUPG/PSPG stabilization, and ghost penalty stabilization. This framework allows for FSI simulations with applications like transverse galloping, rotational galloping, sedimentation, turbines, and valves.

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105 views38 pages

Numerical Modelling For Fluid-Structure Interaction

This document discusses numerical modeling techniques for fluid-structure interaction (FSI). It covers: (1) aspects of FSI modeling including challenges at the fluid-solid interface; (2) body-fitted versus unfitted mesh methods; (3) monolithic versus staggered solution schemes; and (4) introduces a stabilized immersed framework for FSI using hierarchical B-splines, SUPG/PSPG stabilization, and ghost penalty stabilization. This framework allows for FSI simulations with applications like transverse galloping, rotational galloping, sedimentation, turbines, and valves.

Uploaded by

thechenna1234939
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Numerical modelling for

Fluid-structure interaction

EGEM07 – Fluid-structure interaction

Dr Wulf G. Dettmer
Dr Chennakesava Kadapa

Swansea University, UK.


Table of contents
(1) Introduction
(2) Aspects of numerical modelling for FSI
(3) Body-fitted Vs Unfitted/immersed methods
(4) Monolithic Vs Staggered schemes
(5) A stabilised immersed framework for FSI
Introduction to FSI

Interactions of fluid and solid

A multi-physics phenomenon

Abundant in nature
– Almost every life form

Occurs in many areas of engineering
– Aerospace: Aircraft, parachutes, rockets
– Civil: Bridges, dams, cable/roof structures
– Mechanical: Automobiles, turbines, pumps
– Naval: Ships, off-shore structures, submarines
Governing equations
Fluid: (Eulerian)

Solid: (Lagrangian)
Interface:
Kinematic condition:

Equilibrium condition:
Aspects of numerical modelling

Solid Fluid
solver solver

Coupling
Can we solve all the FSI problems if we
use the best available solvers for fluid
and solid sub-problems?
Aspects of numerical modelling

Solid Fluid
solver solver

Coupling
Can we solve all the FSI problems if we
use the best available solvers for fluid
and solid sub-problems?

No. But, why?


Aspects of numerical modelling

Solid Fluid
solver solver

Coupling
Can we solve all the FSI problems if we
use the best available solvers for fluid
and solid sub-problems?

No. But, why? The devil is at the interface.


Caution!

If someone tells you that his/her scheme/tool


can solve a FSI problem without actually
looking at the problem, then it is highly likely
that he/she is lying.
Important properties of numerical
schemes for FSI
(1) Existence
 Does the tool have FSI capability?
(2) Robustness
 For a reasonable time step, does the scheme work
without crashing?
(3) Accuracy
 How accurate is the solution?
(4) Efficiency
 What is the amount of time required?
Body-fitted meshes

Meshes aligned with the solid boundary

Finite Element or Finite Volume schemes for the fluid problem

How to deal with moving solids?


Body-fitted meshes

When the solid moves

Surrounding fluid mesh also
moves

Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian
(ALE) formulation for the fluid

For small displacements

mesh deformation schemes

For large displacements

re-meshing techniques
Body-fitted meshes

Advantages

Efficient and accurate for simple
problems

Well established

Available in commercial software

Disadvantages

Mesh generation is cumbersome

Require sophisticated re-meshing
algorithms

Complicated and inefficient in 3D

Difficulty in capturing topological
changes
Unfitted/immersed methods
●
Solids immersed/embedded on fixed grids

Advantages

No need for body-fitted meshes

No need for re-meshing

Ideal for multi-phase flows, fracture

Complex FSI problems can be solved

Disadvantages

Needs to develop a fluid solver

Majority of the schemes are only 1st
order accurate in time

Very limited availability in commercial
software
Integration in time

Only implicit schemes are considered

Fluid:

1st order - Backward Euler

2nd order – Crank-Nicolson/Trapezoidal,
Generalised-alpha, BDF2

Solid:

1st order - Backward Euler

2nd order - Crank-Nicolson/Trapezoidal,
Generalised-alpha
✔ Spatial discretisation
✔ Temporal discretisation

Coupling strategies
Monolithic Vs Staggered
Governing equations
Fluid: (Eulerian)

Solid: (Lagrangian)
Interface:
Kinematic condition:

Equilibrium condition:
Coupling

Data transfer between fluid and solid

Types of techniques

Dirichlet-Neumann (body-fitted, unfitted)

Robin-Robin (body-fitted, unfitted)

Body-force (standard Immersed methods)

We consider Dirichlet-Neumann

The most intuitive and physical

Velocity boundary condition on the Fluid

Force boundary condition on the Solid
Monolithic schemes
• Fixed-point or Newton-Raphson
• Advantages
➔ No added-mass instabilities
➔ 2nd order accuracy in time is possible
• Disadvantages
➔ Need to develop customised solvers
➔ Computationally expensive
➔ Difficult to linearise
➔ Convergence issues
Staggered schemes
• Solve solid and fluid separately
• Advantages
➔ Computationally appealing
➔ Existing solvers can be used
●
Disadvantages
➔ Added-mass instabilities
➔ Difficultto get 2nd order accurate
schemes for FSI with flexible
structures in the presence of
significant added-mass
➔ Efficiency and accuracy decrease
with the increase in added mas
Summary of FSI schemes
Monolithic Staggered
 Commerical software  Efficient
 Easiest of all
Body-fitted  No added-mass issue
 Expensive  Added-mass issues

 No added-mass issue  Efficient


 Complicated  Relatively easy
Unfitted
 Expensive  Many applications
 Added-mass issue
What is added mass issue?
Instability arising when
1) The density of the solid is close to or less than
that of the fluid

Blood flow through arteries
2) When the structure is very thin

Shell structures
3) When the structure is highly flexible

Roof membranes, parachutes
A model problem for FSI

Dettmer, W. G. and Peric, D. A new staggered scheme for


fluid-structure interaction, IJNME, 93, 1-22, 2013.
A stabilised immersed framework for FSI

Combines the state-of-the-art

Hierarchical b-splines

SUPG/PSPG stabilisation for the fluid

Ghost-penalty stabilisation for cut-cells

Solid-Solid contact

Staggered solution schemes

Wide variety of applications
B-Splines and hierarchical
refinement - spatial discretisations
for unfitted meshes
B-Splines
Hierarchical B-Splines
Hierarchical B-Splines
Hierarchical B-Splines
B-Splines
• Nice mathematical properties
• Tensor product nature
• Partition of unity
• Higher-order continuities across
element boundaries
• Always positive
• No hanging nodes
• Ease of localised refinements
• Efficient programming techniques and
data structures
Sample meshes
Formulation
Incompressible Navier-Stokes

Variational formulation

Time integration:
Backward Euler (O(dt)) and Generalised-alpha (O(dt^2))
Transverse Galloping
Rotational Galloping
Sedimentation of multiple particles
Model turbines
Ball check valve
Relief valve in 3D
References
(1) W. G. Dettmer and D. Perić. A new staggered scheme for
fluid-structure interaction, IJNME, 93, 1-22, 2013.
(2) W. G. Dettmer, C. Kadapa, D. Perić, A stabilised immersed
boundary method on hierarchical b-spline grids, CMAME, Vol. 311,
pp. 415-437, 2016.
(3) C. Kadapa, W. G. Dettmer, D. Perić, A stabilised immersed
boundary method on hierarchical b-spline grids for fluid-rigid body
interaction with solid-solid contact, CMAME, Vol. 318, pp. 242-269,
2017.
(4) Y. Bazilevs, K. Takizawa, T. E. Tezduyar, Computational
Fluid-Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications, Wiley, 2013.

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