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Question Paper Code: 80233

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, APRIL/MAY 201. .

Fourth Semester

Mechanical Engineering

ME 8493 -THERMAL ENGINEERING - I

(Regulation 2017)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

(Use of Steam Table is allowed)

Answer ALL questions.

PART A- (10 x 2 = 20 marks)

1. Why does diesel cycle have high efficiency compared to Otto cycle?
2. What are the factors influencing the ideal Brayton cycle efficiency?
3. What is meant by isothermal efficiency of the compressor?
4. How is work saving possible in multi stage compressor?
5. ~ow is cam .shaft speed-related-to crank shaft speed? and Why?
6. What are the effects of rich mixtures in petrol engine?
7. What is the use of Morse Test?
8. What are the function s of lubrication syste m?
9. Wnat fuel does a gas turbine use?
10 . What is the effect of re_h ea t on the Br ayto n cycle 0fficic ne>'? n nd \\' h>··.'

PART B - (G x 1:3 = G5 rnnl'k s)

11. (a) (i ) DeriV<.~ the c xpl'eHHion !"cw tlw u ffi c il, l\\:y ut' l)i1'1-w l 1'\'l' ll' u, t 0 rn, s of
cycle parameten,. · · (5)
(i i) In a n ai r i-; Land:ird du :d l')'l'll· , lh n Jll'l 'NN lln' ,rnd tl'l\\\ h' l'~\l\lrt' :1 t the
be gi nning of th~! curnpl'l'hH irn1 ll l 'l' I b:,r al\d f)?" {' n':-spl'divel~,. Th e
heat s upplwd Ill till · t:y cl1 ' i H I :..m o k,1/k~. l w n -t hi rd or this b e in g
a Jded ut _cun:---tn_11t _vt1 luuw and rm, t ,,t l'un::-dant pre:-1sur0. ff th e
com p resswn xalto 1~ H, , d l'to n11in ~ Llw m nx imum press ure a nd
temperature 111 t he cycle t.l\l'1'111 :d c ffi l'. ic) n cy and MEP. (8)
Or
 (b) (i) Derive the expression for the efficiency of Brayton cycle in terms
cycle parameters. · (5)
(ii) Steam power plant runs on a single regenerative heating pr~cess.
The steam e·nters the turbine at 30 bar and 400°C and steam
fraction is withdrawn at 5 bar. The remaining steam exhausts at
0.10 bar, to the condenser. Calculate the efficiency and steam rate
of the power plant. Neglect pump works. (8)

12. (a) A single stage, single acting air compressor running at 800 rpm delivers
air at 6 bar. For this purpose; the ~nducted free air condition can be taken
as 1.013 bar and 20°C, and air delivery as 10 m 3/min. The clearance
volume is 5% of the swept volume and stroke bore ratio is 1.5: 1. Calculate
(i) the power consumed (ii) the volumetric efficiency (iii) the bore and
stroke size and (iv) isothermal efficiency. The index of compression and
exparision may be taken as 1.35. For air: _R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K. (13)

Or
(b) (i) Present the comparison between centrifugal and reciprocating
compressors . (5)

. (ii) Explain the working of reciprocating compressor using relevant

sketch. (8)

13. (a) (i) Draw the actual indicator diagram for . a four stroke diesel engine
and list the major reason for the losses. (5)

(ii) Describe the advantages a1:1d disadvantages of 2-Stroke engines. (8)

Or
(b) .(i) List the desirable properties of IC Engine fuels . (5)
(ii) Write the combustion reaction . for . methane. Calculate the
theoretical ~ir to fuel ratio and composition of the products formed.
(8)
14. (a) · (i) Describe the need for firing order with examp] es.
(5)
(ii) Describe the working of common rail di rec t injection systems.
(8)
Or
(b) (i) Explain the working· of Full press ure lubrication syst
em. (S)
(ii)
Describe how turbocharging leads to high power output and the
associated effects. ·
(8)
2
80233
15. (a) (i) Show that the optimum pressure ratio for maximum work is equal
to the square root of the maximum pressm:e ratio for the given
minimum and maximum temperatures . (5)
(ii) A gas turbine .works on an air standard Brayton cycle. The 1nitial
condition of the air is 25°C and l bar. The maximum pressure and
temperature are limited to 8 bar nnd 650°C. Determine the cycle
efficiency, heat supplied and heat rej ected per kg of air, the work
output per kg of air and the exha ust temperature . (8)

Or
(b) In a closed cycle gas turbine there is a two stage compressor and a two
stage turbine. All the components are mounted on the same shaft. The
pressure and temperature at the inlet of the first stage compressor are
1.5 bar and 20°C. The 1i1aximum cycle temperature and pressure are
limited to 750°C and 6 bar. A perfect intercooler is used between the two
stage compressors and a reheater. is used between the two turbines at
3 bar pressure. Gases are heated in the reheater to 750°C before entering
into the L.P. turbine. Assuming the compressor and turbine efficiencies
as 0.82, calculate
(i) The efficiency of the cycle without regenerator
· (ii) The efficiency of the cycl~ with a regenerator whose effectiveness is
0 . 70. The working fluid 'used in the cycle is air : For air : Specific
Heat ratio= 1.4 arid cP = 1.005 k,J/kg. K. (8 + 5)

PART C-(1 x 15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) The following data relate to both Otto and Diesel Cycles:
. .

Conditions at the start of compression: 100 kPa and 300 K

Maximum temperature : 1500 K
Temperature after isentropic expansion : 700 K
· Take : cP = 1.005 cv = 0.718, R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K and Specific H eat
ratio= 1.4
Determine the pressure and te mperature on the gali0nt points.
compression ratio, maximum pressure effici ency nnd m e an effective
preRs ure for
(i) Otto cycle a n<l label the vahwH on p-v anrl. T -s diagram. (8)
(ii) DieHcl cycle and label Uw vnltw Ann p-v and 'l'-s dingrnm . (7)

Or

3 80233
(b) The following observations we:r,e made during a trial of a single cylinder
four stroke gas engine having cylinder diameter of 180 mm and stroke of
240 mm:
Duration of trial = 30 min
Total number of revolutions= 9000
Total number of explosions= 4450
Gross imep = 5.35 bar
Pumping imep = 0:35 bar
Net load on brake wheel= 40 kg
Diameter of the brake wheel drum = 0. 96 m
Diameter of the rope = 4 cm
Volume of gas used= 2.6 m 3
Pressure of gas= 136 mm water of gauge
Density of gas= 0.655 kg/m 3
A•.mbient temperature= l 7°C
Calorific value of gas at NTP ~ 19··'.M J/m 3
Total air used = 40 m 3
Pressure of air = 720 mm Hg
Temperatu;e of exhaust· gas = 34()°C· ,.
Speci.fic heat of exhaust gas= 1. l ;- kJ/(kg K)
· Cooling water circulated= 80 kg
Rise in temperature of cooling water= 30°C
Draw. up . a heat balance · sheet and estimate the mechanical and
indicated thermal efficiencies of the engine. (10 + 3 + 2)