1st Semester, Electrical Engineering    Prepared by: Engr.

 Anam Abbas 

Thermodynamics-I Problems (Finals)

1. A carnot engine receives 10kT of heat from a reservoir at normal boiling point of water and rejects
heat to another reservoir maintained at triple point temperature of water (0.01oC). Find work done
and thermal efficiency of the engine. (Ans: 26.79%, 2.679kJ)
2. At what temperature is heat supplied to a cornot engine that rejects 1000kJ/min of heat at 7oC and
produces 50kW of power. (Ans: 1119.98K)
3. Equitant application claims that the heat engine that receives heat at 160oC and rejects to sink at
5oC is capable to produce 0.12KWH of every for 1000kJ received by engine. Is it a valid statement?
(Ans: No)
4. An otto cycle using air as working fluid has a compression ratio of 7. The lowest and highest
temperatures of the cycle are 37oC and 1600oC. The pressure at the beginning of compression is
1bar. Calculate (a) thermal efficiency (b) pressure & temperature at the end of compression (c) heat
supplied per kg of working fluid. (Ans: 54.08%, 15.245bar, 675.47K, 859.93kJ/kg)
5. An air standard otto cycle operates with a compression ratio of 8.55. At the beginning of
compression. The air is 0.98bar and 22oC and during the heat addition process the pressure is tripled.
Calculate (a) thermal efficiency and maximum cycle temperature (b) the thermal efficiency of a
carnot engine operating between same overall temperature limits. (Ans: 57.61%, 2088K, 85.86%)
6. An air standard diesel cycle operates with a compression ratio of 16.3 and cut off ratio of 2. At the
beginning of compression, the air temperature and pressure are 32oC and 1bar respectively.
Determine the thermal efficiency and maximum cycle temperature. (Ans: 61.67%, 1863.08K)
7. For an ideal diesel cycle using air, temperature and pressure at the start of compression are 15oC
and 1.01bar. The compression ratio is 16 and heat addition is 400kJ/kg. Calculate maximum
pressure, maximum temperature and thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Ans: 48.972bar, 1271.50K,
64.25%)
8. A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 17 and cut off ratio takes place at 5% of the stroke.
Determine the thermal efficiency of the engine. (Ans: 63.28%)
9. The air standard dual cycle operates with a compression ratio of 14. At the beginning of
compression, the temperature and pressure are 27oC and 0.96bar respectively. The total heat
addition is 1680kJ/kg, of which 1/4th is added at constant volume and remaining at constant
1st Semester, Electrical Engineering    Prepared by: Engr. Anam Abbas 

pressure. Determine the temperatures at the end of each process around the cycle and thermal
efficiency. (Ans: T2=862.56K, T3=1447.4K, T4=2701.18K, T5=1206.164K, 61.28%)
10. A stationary gas turbine power plant delivers 10,000 kW to an electric generator. The minimum
and maximum cycle temperatures are 27oC and 872oC respectively. The pressure ratio is 5.
(a) What is the gross turbine output in Kw? (17.592kW)
(b) What fraction of turbine output is used to drive the compressor? (0.431)
(c) What is mass flowrate of air required in kg/min. (2590.8kg/min)
(d) What is thermal efficiency of the cycle? (36.86%)
11. In stirling cycle, the pressure and temperature at the beginning of compression is 2bar and 77oC
respectively. The maximum pressure is 6bar and during isothermal expansion, the volume
increases by 40%. Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (Ans: 53.3%)
12. A piston cylinder assembly maintained at 1.5bar contains air initially at 500K. Heat transfer occurs
until the air temperature reaches 400K. Determine the specific entropy change.
(Ans:-0.224kJ/kgK)
13. Air is compressed from 1bar, 27oC to 3.5bar, 127oC in a closed system. Determine the entropy
change per kg of air. (Ans: -10.128kJ/kgK)
14. In a steam turbine power plant, superheated steam at 40bar and 400oC is supplied to a turbine and
the condenser pressure is 0.1bar. Calculate:
(a) Turbine work output. (1069.51kJ/kg)
(b) Work required for feed pump. (4.02kJ/kg)
(c) Heat transferred to condenser cooling water and water flowrate if ∆Tw=5.5oC.
(1952.17kJ/kg, 84.9kg)
(d) The heat supplied. (3017.67kJ/kg)
(e) The cycle efficiency. (35.31%)
(f) Specific steam consumption. (3.366 kg/KWH)
15. A steam boiler generates 5000kg/hr of superheated steam at 20bar and 250oC from a feed water at
55oC. If the boiler efficiency is 75%, calculate the fuel consumption. The clorific value of fuel is
44000kJ/kg) (Ans: 404.89kg/hr)

   

 
1st Semester, Electrical Engineering    Prepared by: Engr. Anam Abbas 

Thermodynamics-I Problems (Finals)

1. A utility runs a Rankine cycle with a water boiler at 3.5 MPa and the cycle has the highest and
lowest temperatures of 450°C and 45°C respectively. Find the plant efficiency and the efficiency
of a Carnot cycle operating within the same temperature limits. (Ans: 35.6%, 56%)
2. Consider an ideal Rankine cycle using water with a high-pressure side of the cycle at a supercritical
pressure. Calculate the thermal efficiency of the cycle if the state entering the turbine is 25 MPa,
500°C, and the condenser pressure is 5 kPa. What is the steam quality at the turbine exit?
(Ans: 44.11%, 0.6916)

3. A large stationary Brayton cycle gas-turbine power plant delivers a power output of 100 MW to
an electric generator. The minimum temperature in the cycle is 300K, and the maximum
temperature is 1600 K. The minimum pressure in the cycle is 100 kPa, and the compressor
pressure ratio is 14 to 1. Calculate the power output of the turbine. What fraction of the turbine
output is required to drive the compressor? What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle?

(Ans: 166.26MW, 0.399, 52.95%)

4. In an air standard Otto cycle, the compression ratio is 7 and the compression begins at 35oCand
0.1 MPa. The maximum temperature of the cycle is 1100oC. Find (a) the temperature and the
pressure at various points in the cycle, (b) the heat supplied per kg of air, (c) work done per kg of
air, (d) the cycle efficiency.
(Ans: 1524 kPa & 670.8 K, 3119.34 kPa, 630.39 K & 2047 kPa, 504.18 kJ/kg, 272.74 kJ/kg, 54%)

5. In a Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 15. Compression begins at 0.1 MPa, 40oC. The heat
added is 1.675 MJ/kg. Find (a) the maximum temperature in the cycle, (b) work done per kg of
air (c) the cycle efficiency (d) the temperature at the end of the isentropic expansion (e) the cut-
off ratio. (Ans: 2591.33K, 948.12 kJ/kg, 56.6%, 1325.37K, 2.8)
6. In a Brayton cycle based power plant, the air at the inlet is at 27oC, 0.1 MPa. The pressure ratio
is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is 800oC. Find (a) the compressor work per kg of air (b)
the turbine work per kg or air (c) the heat supplied per kg of air, and (d) the cycle efficiency.
(Ans: 207.72 kJ/kg, 439.89 kJ/kg, 569.14 kJ/kg, 40.8%)
7. Consider an ideal Stirling cycle engine in which the state at the beginning of the isothermal
compression process is 100 kPa, 25°C, the compression ratio is 6, and the maximum temperature
1st Semester, Electrical Engineering    Prepared by: Engr. Anam Abbas 

in the cycle is 1100°C. Calculate the maximum cycle pressure and the thermal efficiency of the
cycle. (Ans: 2764.43kPa, 78.3%)
8. A gasoline engine receives air at 10oC, 100 kPa, having a compression ratio of 9:1 by volume.
The heat addition by combustion gives the highest temperature as 2500 K. Find the highest cycle
pressure, the specific energy added by combustion and thermal efficiency of the cycle.
(Ans: 7950.6 kPa, 1305.66 kJ/kg, 58.48%)

9. An ideal vapor-compression refrigerant cycle operates at steady state with Refrigerant 134a as
the working fluid. Saturated vapor enters the compressor at -10oC, and saturated liquid leaves the
condenser at 28oC. The mass flow rate of refrigerant is 5 kg/min. Determine (a) The compressor
power, in kW (b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons. (c) The coefficient of performance.
(*1 ton = 3.5169 kW) Ans: (2.212kW, 3.62 tons, 5.75)
10. An ideal vapor-compression heat pump cycle with Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid provides
15 kW to maintain a building at 200C when the outside temperature is 5oC. Saturated vapor at 2.4
bar leaves the evaporator, and saturated liquid at 8 bar leaves the condenser. Calculate
(a) The power input to the compressor, in kW (2.126 kW)
(b) The coefficient of performance. (7.055)
(c) The coefficient of performance of a reversible heat pump cycle operating between
thermal reservoirs at 20 and 5oC. (19.53)