Introduction

Agricultural soil has been adversely affected by chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and
heavy machinery resulted by organic carbon and microbial pool, which create a unique
environment for biologically active soil which has sprinkled since green revolution and it has
been observed that most of the soil are not responding towards productivity. Under such
circumstances build up of soil health is urgent need. To minimize the cost of cultivation
which is beyond the farmer’s reach, low cost organic inputs respondent to soil health and
crop productivity must be advocated.

Organic farming is the form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as

crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity
and pest control on a farm. Organic farming excludes or strictly limits the use of
manufactured fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators such as hormones, livestock,
antibiotics, food additive and genetically modified organisms.

Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and
planet as one and indivisible. Organic Agriculture should be based on living ecological
systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and help sustain them. Organic
Agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common
environment and life opportunities. Organic Agriculture should be managed in a
precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and
future generations and the environment.

Organic farming is gaining ground in India and farmers are being encouraged to grow organic
produces. Due to high prices of inorganic inputs, organic has become the main motivating
factor for farmers & to produce organic inputs for successful organic crop production is still
seems to be a big challenge before farmers.

To fulfill the nutritional requirement of crop there is entirely different way to

understand the organic system design of nourishment to the crops. It depends on how much
soil health is capable to support the cropping system, crop rotations, mixed farming and
combination of crops, biodiversity, crop residue, organic carbon and soil microbial load etc
functioning in the field.(Singh et.al.2011)

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 Plant roots can also be considered as soil organisms in view of their symbiotic
relationships and interactions with other soil components. The mass of the root residue of
crop plants remaining in the soil after harvest, commonly vary from 15 to 45 % of the mass
of the above ground crop. These diverse organisms interact with one another and with the
various plants and animals in the ecosystem, forming a complex web of biological activity.

Shady soil of wild old Banyan tree (Bargad) creates natural habitat of enormous birds and
animals, where they release the excreta their under, This soil contains huge amount of
microbes i.e. bacteria, fungus, molds, protozoa and algae, actinomyceties etc. All these
microorganisms liberate different minerals, produces of antibiotic substrate, synthesis of
Plant Growth Promoter Regulator, cellulose decomposer and other pathogenic management
causes and drives congenial environment to soil. Application of 20 kg/acre Banyan tree shady
surface soil incubated with vermin-compost for three days. This incubated soil applied as
basic microbial inoculums as fertilizer for soil buster on Barseem and other fodder crops.
After 55 days the growth of biomass of fodder found excellent. Biomass and dry matter
almost increase 1.5 times recovered higher than conventional practices.

Various traditional inputs such as Panchagabya, Enriched Panchgabya, jivamrit,

Amrit Pani, Cow Urine, and Vermiwash, Shady soil of banyan tree , liquid manure -
Dasparni, neem seed kernel extract, garlic, ginger and chilly, tobacco extract, and
Tricoderma viride etc well working in organic farming. In view of mainstreaming of organic
farming to reduce the cost of cultivation, and minimize the subsidies on chemical fertilizers,
adoption and promotion of national resources are based on organic agriculture by keeping
the soil health, sustainability and productivity as prime focus . On the basis of the above
findings we have planned to study the “Study the performance of local organic inputs in
crops at farmer field under organic environment”.

Objectives:

1. To study the viability of microbial counts in the local organic inputs.

2. To study the soil health of selected field and

3. To study the crop productivity.

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 Review of Literature

Studies take up with Angara and Amritpani as soil treatment with sorghum indicates
that use of Amritpani brought a significant improvement of different groups of microbial
activities like biomass and soil enzymatic activity, indicating thereby, its suitability for
improved soil health as also reflected in organic carbon content which was improved by 1.5
times of the control .Twin application of cow urine increased productivity by 45.69% while
twin application of Panchgavya increased the productivity by 49.63% over control.
Application of Angara and Amritpani as soil treatment and Panchgavya as foliar spray was
also found to be increasing sorghaum and dry fodder productivity.

Shady soil of wild old Banyan tree with natural habitat of enormous birds and animals.
Where they release the excreta and soil is undisturbed .This soil contains huge amount of
microbes i.e. fungus, bacteria, actinomycetes molds, protozoa, algae. All these
microorganisms liberate no. of minerals, production of antibiotic substrate, synthesis Plant
Growth Promoter, cellulolytic decomposer and other pathogenic management causes and
drives congenial environment to soil. Application of 20kg/acre shady soil incubated with
vermicompost for three days. After this the incubated soil applied as a fertilizer on barsim
and other fodder crops .After 35 days the growth of biomass of fodder is excellent. Biomass
and dry matter is found 1.5 times then conventional practices.(Singh.et. al.2011).

Soluble Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash are the main nutrients in vermi wash were
found to contain enzyme cocktail of proteases, amylases, urease and phosphatase.
Microbiological study of vermiwash revealed that it contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria like
Azotobactror sp., Agrobacterium sp. and Rhizobium sp. and some phosphate solublizing
bacteria. Laboratory scale trial showed effectiveness of vermiwash on cowpea plant growth.
(Zambare et.al.2008). Hormones such as Cytokinins, Amino Acid, Vitamins, Enzymes, some
other secretions and many useful microbes such as heterotrophic bacteria, fungi,
actinomycetes including nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilisers are present in the vermiwash.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluated the efficiency of foliar application of

different liquid fertilizer in knol-khol (Brassica aleracea) in Mid Hill of Himachal
Pradesh.For the study eight sources of local liquid fertilizer viz., biosol, jivamrit, beejamrit,
panchgavya, matka khad,compost tea, vermiwash, vermivash+ gomutra along with control
were applied at 30,60 and 90 DAT. The range varied from 40-93.33 %(percentage plant

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survival),13.1-15.41(no. of leaves),89.42-153g (average knot weight) and 59.61-211.67
q/ha(marketable yield). The highest plant mortality was observed in Jeevamrit. The plant
survival percentage was observed in vermiwash (Pathania et.al. 2011).

A two year field experiment were conducted at Kullu to study the effect of organic
input viz vermicompost, matka khad and jivamrit as (liquid input) on gobhi sarson(Brassic
napus L.) the different treatment combinations. The treatments comprised of T1-control, T2-
vermicompost @20t ha-1,T3-vermicompost@20t ha-1+matka khad(2%), T4-
vermicompost@20t ha-1+jivamrit(2%) and T5-vermicompost @20t ha-1+matka khad(2%) +
jivamrit (2%).The results revealed that the highest crop yield of 12.6 q ha-1was found in
treatment combination vermicompost @20t ha-1+matka khad(2%) + jivamrit (2%) as
compared to control(Sharma et.al 2011).

Biogas slurry with Panchagavya combination is adjudged as the best organic

nutritional practice for the sustainability of maize- sunflower- green gram system by
its overall performance on growth, productivity and quality of crops, the soil health and
economics(Somasundaram,2003).

Presence of naturally occurring beneficial and effective microorganisms

predominantly lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria and certain
fungi besides benificial and proven biofertilizer such as acetobacter, azospirillum and
phosphobacteria were detected in Panchgavya. Effective microorganisms can improve soil
quality, growth and yield of crops by synthesizing phytoharmones such as auxins and other
growth regulators that might have simulated the growth(Xu et. al., 2000).

Panchagavya contained Pseudomonas and saprophytic yeast, which might have

contributed to plant protection because Pseudomonas on plant surfaces have found to induced
pathogenesis –related proteins, siderophores, antibiotics and HCN in groundnut and rice thus
enabled it use as biocontrol agents(Meena et.al. 2000).Saprophytic yeast on plant surfaces
were found to provide a natural buffer against plant pathogens(Fokkema et. al., 1979),
compost tea(extract) and foliar spray of crude compost mixes triggered systemic acquired
resistance in plants to various diseases(Zhang et.al.,1996).

According to Harishankar et.al.,(1976) the regulation of the stomata was favorably

influenced by the bio-active substances produced by the beneficial microorganisms present
in panchgavya, which also enhanced the uptake of nutrients of the black gram. Increased N

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uptake increases the protein content in the plant body since, crude protein content is the
reflection of N content in grains.

Vermiwash is a liquid leachate collected by allowing excess water to saturate the

vermicomposting substrate. A total of 53 bacteria were isolated and 18 of these isolated were
selected as efficient phosphate solubilizer on the basis of qualitative assay(Gupta et.al. 2011).

A field experiment to study the effect of fertilizers, city compost and sewage sludge
with and without vermiwash on the growth parameters, dry matter and flower yield, nutrient
uptake by plants and soil properties after the harvest of China aster during rabi cum hot
weather season. It is noted significant increase in plant height due to foliar application
vermiwash produced significant increase in flower yield by 25 percent over the treatments
without vermiwash (Dosani et.al. 2006).

According to Sharma (1976)Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI),New Delhi,

during 2003-06 in rice –wheat-green gram cropping system experiment. In this different
treatments compromising organic amendments such as Blue Green Algae 15kg/ha, Azolla
1.0 tonne/ha, Vermicompost and Farm Yard Manure5.0 tonne/ha each applied alone or in
combination were tested in organic crop production. The Result revealed a significant
enhancement in grain yield of rice over absolute control due to the application of different
organic amendments applied alone or in combinations. Rice grain yield increased by 114 to
116.8% over absolute control when all the 4 organic amendment were applied altogether. The
rice grain yield (4.0 t ha-1) obtained under combined application. The study revealed that
addition of four organic amendments could give the optimum yield (4.05 t/ha) of organic
basmati rice and soil quality.

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 TECHNICAL PROGRAMME
(A) To study the viability of microbial counts in the local organic inputs

1. Panchgabya(P):

Cow dung slurry 4kg

Fresh cow dung 1kg

Cow milk 2 lit

Curd 2 lit

Cow urine 3 lit

Cow deshi ghee 1kg

2. Jivamrut(J):

Cow dung 10kg

Cow urine 10 lit

Jaggary(Gur) 2kg

Pulse flour 2kg

3. Vermiwash(V):

Vermiwash is a watery extract of compost, the wash of earthworms present in the

medium. Well amount of microbes with thick volume.

4. Banyan tree soil(BS):

The soil below the Banyan tree is rich in ficus material of wild animals and bird with
huge amount of microbes.

Replication: 3

Total Treatment Combination: 12

Design: Random Block Design (RBD).

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Observation:

Microbial status by dilution plate count method at different time interval.

Dilution 10-1 to 10-7

Time interval at 0,48,96,144 and 192 hours

Plate counting observation 3rd to 8th day regularly.

(B) To study the soil health of selected field.

Traditional Formulation:

1. Panchgabya

2. Jivamrut

3. Vermiwash

4. Banyan tree soil

Observations:

 Total Carbon Status

 pH
 Total ash
 Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium
 Carbon: Nitrogen ratio
(C) To study the crop productivity.
Application Time:
 First application 0 DAS/DAT
 Second application 15 DAS/DAT
 Third application 30 DAS/DAT
 Fourth application 45 DAS/DAT
Observations:

 Crop yield(Kg)
 Biomass yield(Kg)
 Dry weight((Kg)

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  Technical description:
1. Panchghabya P
2. Jivamrut J
3. Vermiwash V
4. Banyan tree soil BS
5. Crop C
6. Without Crop WC
Experimental Design- Random Block Design( RBD)

Treatment Notation

T1 - Crop with Panchgabya CP

T2- Crop with Jivamrut CJ

T3- Crop with Vermiwash CV

T4- Crop with Banyan tree soil CBS

T5- Crop without Panchgabya WCP

T6- Crop without Jivamrut WCJ

T7- Crop without Vermiwash WCV

T8- Crop without Banyan tree soil WCBS

Randomizations:
Plot no Block1 Block2 Block3
1 T1 T5 T3
2 T2 T6 T4
3 T3 T7 T2
4 T4 T8 T6
5 T5 T1 T7
6 T6 T2 T8
7 T7 T3 T5
8 T8 T4 T1

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Selection of Crops for Experiment: Rabi crop may be selected because the study is
basically done on effect of various on-farm Traditional Formulation on soil health.

Use Plant Protection technique as per availability of local viz.

 Old Mattha
 Pheromones Trap
 Light Trap
 Neem Seed kernel Extract
 Turmeric solution
 Garlic, ginger and chilly extract
Future scope of study/Justification of Study:

To minimize the cost of cultivation which is beyond the reach of farmer, low cost
organic inputs respondent to soil health and crop productivity need to be promoted.
The traditional inputs on farmer field like Panchgavya, Jivamrit, Vermiwash and
Banyan tree soil are cheap and easily available with farmer. Further benefits of these
inputs are to improve the soil microorganism, to enhance the soil carbon content of
soil and to improve the soil fertility and micro-fauna. Under this study we conserve
the soil and plants as well as environment, which are being adversely affected by
anthropogenic reasons. The study effect on various on farms traditional formulation
on soil health is unique research study has not been done so far in past.

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