Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev.

Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 1/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 – SECTION 1 : PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK)

S.S. 1.2 – PROCESS EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER I – COLUMNS / DRUMS

Pages modified under this revision : 1, 11, 18

1 JUNE 2002 UPDATING G. CHAUDAN A. DEVOS C. PTAK

English version from French version
0 OCTOBER 2000 Rev.2 – September 1994 J-F. ROSSI A. DEVOS C. PTAK

Rev Date STATUS WRITTEN BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

DD/MM/YY (name & visa) (name & visa) (name & visa)

DOCUMENT REVISIONS

Sections changed in last revision are identified by a vertical line in the right margin

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 2/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

CONTENTS

1. COLUMNS

1.1. Tray design definitions

1.2. Determination of column diameter (valve trays)

1.2.1. Tray spacing

1.2.2. Number of passes
1.2.3. Main sizing criteria

1.3. Tray Efficiency

1.4. Determination of column height

2. DRUMS

2.1. Formulae for the separation of droplets

2.2. Liquid-vapour separation

2.2.1. Critical velocity

2.2.2. Vapour velocity
2.2.3. Liquid residence time
2.2.4. Vertical vessel
2.2.5. Horizontal vessel

2.3. Liquid-liquid separation without vapour phase

2.3.1. Droplet size
2.3.2. Sizing

2.4. Three Phase separation

2.5. Other types of separators

2.5.1. Vane pack separators

2.5.2. Cyclone type separators

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 3/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

1. COLUMNS

1.1. Tray design definitions

Ts hl

v
HLC
j

ee u

Notation

e Downcomer clearance HLC Clear liquid height

j Liquid seal = h - e Ts Tray spacing
h Weir height u Velocity below downcomer
hl Liquid crest v Velocity in downcomer
l Downcomer width

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 4/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

1.2. Determination of column diameter (valve trays)

This calculation can be done by using the program BALTRAY (Technip, in house), G-RATE
(Glitsch) or manually (a calculation sheet based on Glitsch's Ballast Tray method is attached in
GE P312 – Book 4.1.1 – Chapter II – English version).

Where vapour and liquid rates vary significantly across the column height, a diameter
calculation should be done for each zone, generally for the tray where the V load is maximum.

Where the column diameter is less than 1m, check whether packing is a more economical
solution than trays.

For other types of trays, the FRI methods shall be used. The diameter resulting from the use of
sieve trays is usually close to the diameter obtained with valve trays.

1.2.1. Tray spacing

A 300 mm tray spacing is generally not used.

450 mm spacing can be used up to a maximum diameter of 2 m for standard columns and above
2 m for superfractionator columns.

Tray spacings of 600 mm and above can be used with no diameter limitation.

1.2.2. Number of passes

The number of passes is chosen in order to minimise the column diameter, taking into account
that a multipass tray is more expensive than a single pass tray. Avoid the use of more than
2 passes, except for very high liquid rates (e.g. circulating reflux zones). Multipass trays have a
lower efficiency than single pass trays which should be taken into account (particularly for
superfractionation).

For construction and installation reasons, in particular access through manholes, it is not
possible to use multipasses trays below certain diameters. The following minimum values
should generally be followed :

2 pass trays Diameter > 1400 - 1500

4 pass trays Diameter > 2800

Do not use 3 pass trays.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 5/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

1.2.3. Main Sizing criteria

Criteria Limit Note

Maximum downcomer velocity 0.17 m/s maximum Acceptable limit to achieve liquid
(v) degassing
Downcomer residence time 3 s minimum The value is usually greater than 6
seconds.

Clear liquid height (HLC) 45% of (tray spacing + weir Some services require lower values of
height) HLC

Weir height (h) 50 mm Standard value for columns under

pressure

Weir length 0.6 D Standard value

Downcomer width (l) 100 mm minimum

Velocity under downcomer (u) 0.5 m/s maximum

Liquid seal (j) 0 to 10 mm

Downcomer clearance (e) 40 mm Standard value

Pressure drop Less than twice the dry tray

pressure drop

Flow path length (FPL) - Efficiency is lower if the FPL decreases

Specific liquid load 100 maximum

(CL / WFP in m2 / h)

These criteria are applicable to both valve trays and sieve trays.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 6/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

1.3. Tray Efficiency

This table gives indicative tray efficiency values for the most frequently met refining
applications.

Typical average tray efficiencies

Column type Efficiency % Operating pressure

(bar g)

Atmospheric distillation
Top section 90-95 1.5
Kerosene and gas oil separation 80 1.5
Stripping section 50 1.5

Stabilisation 75 - 80 12

Deethaniser 50 - 60 30

Depropaniser 85 15

Reforming unit stabilisation 70 18

Gasoline splitter 70 0.5

Absorber-Stripper
Absorption 30 14
Stripping 50 14

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 7/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

1.4. Determination of column height

a. H1
Generally between 900 and 1000 mm

TL

H1

v
2

H2 v
1

ht
v
1

*1
Transition
H3 h1
HLL

h2
TL

b. H2
H2 = (number of actual trays - 1 ) x tray spacing

Notes :
§ For columns with more than one section (see 1.2), the height of the transition section can
be estimated the formula :
3
ht = (φ1 − φ 2 )
2
§ Feed trays using and manholes : General practice is to allow one manhole every 15 trays
and/or at feed tray locations. Extra shell height must be allowed for this as tray spacing is
increased to 900 mm for feed trays and at manhole locations.

c. H3

H3 = h1 + h2
h1 = (tray spacing) x 2
h2 = to be determined based on the hold up required, allowing for a LLL at 300 mm
above the tangent line.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 8/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2. DRUMS

2.1. Formulae for the separation of droplets

Stokes law For Re < 2 Ref : Ludwig

D 2p
Vt = 5 .45 x 10 − 10 x x (ρ d − ρ c )
µc

Intermediate law For 2 < Re < 500 Ref : Ludwig

− D1p. 14 x (ρ d − ρ c ) 0 .7
Vt = 2.216 x 10 6 x
ρ 0c. 29 x µ 0c. 43

Newton’s law For Re > 500 Ref : Ludwig

Dp x (ρ d − ρ c )
Vt = 5 .45 x 10 − 3
ρc

Vt x Dp x ρ c
Re =
10 3 x µ c

Where :

Subscript c is used for the continuous phase

Subscript d is used for the dispersed phase

Dp Droplet diameter (micron)

ρ Density (kg / m3 )
µ Viscosity (cP)
Vt Settling velocity (m / s)
Re Reynolds number

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 9/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.2. Liquid-vapour separation

2.2.1. Critical velocity (Vc)

(ρ L − ρ g )
Vc = 0.048 x
ρg

Subscript L is used for the dispersed liquid phase.

Subscript g is used for the continuous gas phase.

Vc = critical velocity (m / s)
ρ = density at the conditions

2.2.2. Vapour velocity

The allowable gas velocity depends on the service and whether a wire-mesh demister or other
separation enhancing device is used. Allowable gas velocity is expressed as a percentage of the
critical velocity. This percentage varies in most cases from 80 to 220% of the critical velocity
(See Table 1 for the K values).

Vvap = maximum allowable vapour velocity (m / s)

Vvap = K.Vc

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 10/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.2.3. Liquid residence time

The liquid residence time is determined based on considerations of process control and safety.

Between HLL and LLL

The following residence times may be reduced if an advanced process control scheme is used, in
particular a feed forward type.

a. Reflux drum

♦ Liquid distillate directly feeding a column requiring a constant feed

The greater of the two following values :

§ 5 min of the reflux flowrate

§ 15 min based on the product rate (without control by LC).

♦ Liquid distillate going to storage

The greater of the two following values :

§ 5 min of the reflux flowrate

§ 2 min based on the product rate.

♦ Gaseous distillate only

5 min of the reflux flowrate.

b. Product going to a furnace

8 to 10 min.

c. Pumped product (pump suction drum)

5 min.

d. Non pumped product

3 to 5 min (depending on process control requirements)

e. Steam drum

The greater of the two following values :

§ 1/3 of the volume of the boiler and pipework

§ 2 min of the feed water flowrate.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 11/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.2.4. Vertical vessel

The horizontal cross-sectional area of the drum is used for the vapour velocity calculation.

General rules to be followed when determining vertical vessel dimensions are given in Figure 1.

For wire mesh demisters : where the vessel diameter is not fixed by the vapour velocity, the
active cross sectional area of the mesh can be reduced so that the velocity through the mesh is
between 170 to 220% of the critical velocity.

If the consequential mesh diameter is less than half of the vessel diameter a horizontal vessel
would be probably more economical.

This method is not adequate for the sizing of drums operating at high pressure (> 30 bar) at high
throughput and when an efficient L/V separation is expected (critical drums).

These separators are characterised by :

§ Hemispherical bottoms
§ A vane type feed distributor
§ A heavy duty mesh pad
§ The use of specific sizing rules validated through systematic CFD studies.

(Refer to the Report 2082 N – CFD simulation of liquid–vapour separation drums -

Conclusions and recommendations).

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 12/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.2.5. Horizontal vessel

General rules to be followed when determining vertical vessel dimensions are given in Figure 2.

An economic length (T/T) to diameter ratio is generally in the range of 2 to 4 and depends on
the vessel design pressure.

Sectional area of partially filled horizontal vessel

D2  D − 2h   D 
AL = Arc cos   − − h h ( D − h) h in meter
4  D  2 

 D − 2h 
Arc cos   in radians D in meter
 D 

π D2
AV = − AL AL in m2
4
AV in m2

Heads partial volume (2 heads)

π
Vfd = h 2 (1.5 D − h )
3k

V fd Volume of the two heads combined in m3

K Eccentricity : 1 for spherical heads

1.9 for standard elliptical heads.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 13/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

a. Sizing without a mesh pad

§ Choose a diameter D 0 and a length L0 (m)
§ Fix the liquid level (see 2.2.3. and Figure 2)
§ Calculate the liquid area A L
§ Calculate the vapour area AV with :
Qv
Av =
KVc

Vc = Critical velocity in m / s
K = % Vc allowed (given in Table 1)
Qv = Vapour flowrate in m3 / s

§ Recalculate the diameter D1 and the length L1

§ Iterate until convergence is reached.

Check the decanting length

The allowable vapour velocity Vt is determined by using Newton's formula to choose a

droplet diameter like it is done for a vertical vessel (Table 1).
Using the height of the vapour space, hv (m) :

§ Calculate the separation time in seconds :

h
θ= v
Vt
§ Determine L'min, the minimum distance between the inlet and outlet gas nozzles :
L’min = Vvi θ (m)
Vvi = true horizontal gas velocity (m / s).

b. Sizing with a mesh pad

The cross sectional area of the mesh will be estimated in the same way as for a vertical
vessel (gas velocity through the mesh between 80% and 220% of critical velocity).
The minimum values for h1 , h2 , h3 have to be respected (see Figure 2) and correspond to hv
min.
§ Choose a diameter D 0 and a length L0
§ Calculate the liquid area A L
§ Calculate the vapour area AV based on hv
§ Recalculate the diameter D
§ Convergence is obtained when D - Di is small.
Check that gas velocity Vg < KVc

High gas flowrates

To reduce the vessel diameter, a central inlet nozzle and two outlet nozzles, one equipped
with a mesh at each end of the drum can be used. The cross sectional area of each mesh will
be calculated with half the gas flow rate and the vapour area will be divided by two.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 14/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.3. Liquid-liquid separation without vapour phase

2.3.1. Droplet size

As the minimum droplet sizes found in usual calculations vary significantly, the following
values are suggested :

Light phase Heavy phase Dp minimum

d15
4 < 0.850 H2 O or caustic 127 microns (0.005 inch)

d15
4 > 0.850 H2 O or caustic 89 microns (0.0035 inch)

The settling velocity should not exceed 0.005 m / s in either phase.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 15/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.3.2. Sizing

§ Calculate the settling velocity in each phase with the formulae from paragraph 2.1.

§ Estimate the diameter :

Qc2 + Qd2
D = 0.664 (m)
Vc Qc + Vd Q d

c : Light phase reference

d : Heavy phase reference
Q : Flowrate in m3 / s
V : Decanting velocity in m / s

§ Choose a value for L / D and determine L in m,

§ Determine the approximate height of each phase imposing a minimum 300 mm to allow for
the installation of level instruments.

 Qd 
hd =  
 xD height of the d phase in meter
 Qd + Qc 

hc = D − hd height of the c phase in meter

Check that the decanting time is not greater than the residence time :

h h
t d = d and t c = c A C
Vd Vc L

t : Decanting time (s)

INTERFACE hc
Vc
A d x L x 3 600
φd = Vd hd
Qd

Ac x L x 3 600
φc = D
Qc

φ : Residence time (s)

A : Cross sectional area (m2 )

§ Optimise D, hd and hc in order to obtain

t c < φ c and t d > φ d

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 16/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

2.4. Three phase separation

Three phase separator sizing is done by calculating the vapour area as for a liquid-vapour
separation and the liquid area as for a liquid-liquid separation. However this method is not
applicable for production separators (crude oil separators) because in this case the liquid-liquid
separation is based only on residence times which are generally taken between 3 and 5 minutes.

If the heavy phase flowrate is low, a boot may be used. Its diameter must be less than 1/3 of the
vessel diameter unless special agreement with the pressure vessel department (mechanical).

2.5. Other types of separators

Sizing will be done by vendors.

2.5.1. Vane pack separators

Contact vendors. Check the pressure drop required by this type of device.

2.5.2. Cyclone type separators

Contact vendors.

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 17/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

TABLE 1

Allowable vapour velocity

Coefficient K = % Vc

% Vc Without With
Service Mesh Mesh
Reflux drum 170 220
Effluent separator 170 220
Separator located at the inlet of a
column where there is a risk of
80 170
foaming caused by liquid
entrainment (ex : Glycol contactor)
Compressor suction drum 80 220
Fuel gas drum 80 170
Steam drum 130(*)
Flare drum 300
(1st estimate)

(*) with special internals guaranteed for a pre -détermined entrainment level.

Correlation between the droplet diameter in micron and % Vc from Newton’s formula :

ρl − ρg
Vc = 0.048
ρg

80% Vc ----> 50 microns

130% Vc ----> 130 microns
170% Vc ----> 225 microns
220% Vc ----> 375 microns

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 18/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

FIGURE 1

(All dimensions in mm)

φ In let n o zzle d ia meter.

h1 min : D < 1 2 0 0 - -> h 1 = 40 0

D > 1 2 0 0 - -> h 1 = 60 0 (No te 1 )
D > 4 0 0 0 - -> h 1 = 0. 15 D

h2 h 2 = 1 0 0 fo r n o n co kin g s erv ice

h 2 = 1 5 0 fo r co k in g s erv ice.

h3 D < 9 0 0 --- > h 3 = 30 0 + φ/2

D > 9 0 0 --- > h 3 = 0. 5 D o r 4 50 + φ/ 2 (take th e b ig g es t v alu e )

h4 1. 5 φ o r 4 0 0 + φ/2 (take th e b ig g es t v alu e).

h5 If HH LA p res en t, res id en ce time o f 1 to 2 min , with a

min imu m o f 2 0 0 mm.

h6 30 0 min imu m (s ee 2. 2. 3 fo r th e res id en ce time ).

h7 If LLLA p res en t, res id en ce time o f 1 to 2 min , with a

min imu m o f 2 0 0 mm.

h8 30 0 min imu m. Ch eck if th e res id en ce time is co mp atib le

with th e s afety e.g . clo s u re time o f th e s h u td o wn v alv e o n
th e liq u id lin e.

Dru m w ith o u t mes h p ad : h 1 + h 2 + h 3 = 0. 7 5 D with limits o f 9 0 0 min imu m an d 1 8 0 0 ma ximu m

Note 1 : Fo r sphe ric a l he ads h 1 = 150 min imu m

Note 2 : 50 min imu m

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 19/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

FIGURE 2
(All dimensions in mm)

h1 30 0 min imu m

h2 h 2 = 1 0 0 fo r n o n co kin g s erv ice

h 2 = 1 5 0 fo r co k in g s erv ice

h3 40 0 min imu m

h4 If HH LA p res en t, res id en ce time = 1 - 2 min . w ith 1 0 0 min imu m

h5 30 0 min imu m (s ee res id en ce time u n d er 2 .2 . 3)

h6 If LLLA p res en t, res id en ce time = 1 - 2 min . w ith 1 0 0 min imu m

h7 15 0 min imu m ( Ch eck if th e res id en ce time is co mp atib le with th e s afety e.g . clo s u re time o f th e s h u td o wn v alv e
o n th e liq u id lin e) ( No te 1) .

Dru m w ith o u t mes h p ad : h v = h 1 + h 2 + h 3 = 0. 2 D with 3 00 min imu m

No te 1 : If n o zzle F e xten d s in s id e th e v ess el e.g . to av o id s ed imen t, in creas e h 7 acco rd in g ly .

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc
 Issued by Book n° Chapter n° Rev. Page

DOCUMENT GUIDE GE 312 1.1.2 I 1 20/20

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN GUIDE

PART 1 - SECTION 1 S.S. 1.2 : Process Equipment
PROCESS MANUAL (DATA BOOK) CHAPTER I – Columns / Drums

CURVE 1
(AL / AT = f (h / D)

GE 1 - F/ - rév. 0 - GE-312-1121.doc