INDUSTRIAL & POWER PLANT DESIGN ELEMENTS

MODULE

1. In Refrigeration, how do you call a heat exchanger in which low-pressure refrigerant boils or vaporizes, thus absorbing heat
that was removed from the refrigerated area by the cooling medium (water)?
a) Evaporator b) Chiller c) Cooler d) Flooded Evaporator

Answer: b) Chiller. In refrigeration application, the appropriate term used for evaporator is chiller.

2. In an ideal standard Brayton cycle, 1.5 kg/s of air at 101 kPaa and 27 oC is compressed isentropically to a certain pressure and
temperature after which the is added until the temperature becomes 1027 oC. Isentropic expansion occurs in the turbine.
Determine the net power produced by the cycle.
a) 629.56 kW b) 592.65 kW c) 529.76 kW d) 579.26 kW

Answer: c) 529.76 kW 1300 oK 3

T
Solution: T2  T4  T1T4   300   1300   624.5 K
o

4
Wnet  mc p  T3  2T2  T1   1.51.0062  1300  2 624.5  300  529.76 kW
2

300 oK
1
s
3. In an air standard Otto cycle, the clearance volume is 12 % of the displacement volume. What is the thermal efficiency?
a) 57 % b) 59 % c) 58 % d) 60 %

Answer: b) Thermal efficiency = 59 %

Solution:
V1 V2  VD 0.12VD  VD 1.12
V2  0.12VD rk      9.33
V2 V2 0.12VD 0.12
 1   1 
e th  1   100 %   1   100 %   59.08 %
  rk  
k 1
  9.33 
0.4

4. In an air-standard Brayton cycle, air enters compressor at 1 bar and 15 oC. The pressure leaving the compressor is 0.6 MPaa
and maximum temperature of the cycle is 1000 oC. What is the maximum net work, in kJ/kg?
a) 319.52 b) 392.51 c) 315.29 d) 352.19

Answer: d) Max Wnet = 352.19 kJ/kg

Solution: T2  T1 T3  15  273 1000  273  605.49 o

K

Max w net  c p  T3  2T2  T1   1.0062 1273  2 605.49  288  352.19 kJ / kg

5. What is the clearance volumetric efficiency of an ammonia compressor designed with 4 % clearance and operating between
condenser temperature of 30 oC (psat = 1.1672 MPaa) and evaporator temperature of 4 oC (psat = 497.48 kPaa)?
a) 93.61 % b) 93.68 % c) 96.31 % d) 96.83 %

Answer: c) Volumetric Efficiency = 96.31 %

 1 
 1 
  pd k    1167.2  1.304  100 %   96.31 %
Solution:  v  1  c  c   100 %   1.04  0.04 
p   
  s     497.48  
   

1
 Note: k = 1.304, for ammonia (R-717) k = 1.30, for R-134a

6. The percent rating of water tube boiler is 200 %, factor of evaporation is 1.10, and heating surface is 400 ft 2. Determine the
rate of evaporation, in kg/hr.
a) 1831 b) 1831 c) 1138 d) 1813

Answer: c) Rate of evaporation = 1138 kg/hr

H.S. 400
Solution: Rated Bo. Hp    40
10 10
Dev. Bo. Hp  Percent Rating  Rated Bo. Hp  2  40  80

Dev. Bo. Hp  m s  h 1  h B   m s  2257 F.E.

Dev. Bo. Hp 80  35 314 
ms    1138 kg / hr
2257 FE 22571.1
7. A Carnot cycle is represented by a rectangle in a Ts diagram that operates between temperature limits of 300 oK and 650 oK.
Inscribed within a rectangle is a ellipse of maximum major and minor axes, represents a cycle and operating at the same
temperature limits. Considering that the major axis of the ellipse is two times that of its minor axis. Determine the thermal
efficiency of the cycle represented by an ellipse.
a) 44.88 % b) 48.48 % c) 43.66 % d) 46.36 %

Answer: a) 44.88 % TH = 650 K

Solution: b
a Tm = 475 K

TL = 300 K
b 350
a = 2b = 650 – 300 = 350 oK b   175 o K
2 2
A  ab    350   175   61 250  Wnet S = 2a = 700

Wnet 61250
QA  Tm  S   475  700    428711.275 kJ
2 2

Wnet 61250
e x 100%   100 %   44.88 %
QA 428711.275

8. Determine the critical radius in cm for an asbestos-cement covered pipe [k asb = 0.208 W/m-oK]. The external heat-transfer
coefficient is 1.5 Btu/h-ft2-oF.
a. 2.44 cm b. 2.55 cm c. 2.66 cm d. 2.22 cm

Solution: a) Critical radius = 2.44 cm

W
0.208
k m o K
Solution: rc    0.0244 m  2.44 cm
hc  Btu 
1.5   5.675
 hr  ft 2  o F 

Btu W
Note: 1 2 o
 5.675 2 o
hr  ft  F m  F

9. A hiker carried an Aneroid barometer from the foot of Mount Banahaw to the camp of the NPA leader Ka Roger. On the foot
of the mountain, the barometer reads 30.150 inches of Hg, and on the camp, which is nearly at the top of the mountain it reads

2
 28.607 inches of Hg. Assume that the average air density (atmospheric) was 0.075 pcf, estimate the height of the mountain, in
ft.
a) 1455.54 b) 1545.54 c) 1554.54 d) 1455.55

Answer: a) 1455.54 ft
Solution:
 14.7 psi 
 30.150  28.607" Hg  
 29.92" Hg 144

p1  p 2  
h    1455.54
g 0.075
10. In a geothermal power plant, the mass flow rate of ground water is 4000 kg/s and the quality after throttling is 20%. If the
turbine power is 80 MW, what is the change in enthalpy of steam at the inlet and outlet of the turbine?
a) 120 kJ/kg b) 100 kJ/kg c) 200 kJ/kg d) 150 kJ/kg

Answer: b) Change of enthalpy = 100 kJ/kg

Wt 80 000
Solution: m s  x 3 m c   0.20   4000  800 kg / s h    100 kJ / kg
ms 800
11. Determine the partial pressure of CO2 for the following analysis of gas mixture by weight at 101 kPaa and 25 oC: CO2 = 35 %
and N2 = 65 %.
a) 25.75 kPaa b) 27.55 kPaa c) 52.75 kPaa d) 52.57 kPaa

Answer: a) partial pressure of CO2 = 25.75 kPaa

Solution: For 100 kg of the mixture, total number of moles,

CO 2 N 2 35 65
nT      0.7955  2.3214  3.12 kgmoles
44 28 44 28
RT pCO 2 P
From the equation, pv  nRT   T
v n CO 2 nT
 n CO 2 
p CO 2    p T   0.7955  101  25.75 kPaa
 n   3.12 
 T 

12. A certain coal has the following ultimate analysis by weight. C = 67 %, Ash = 5 %, Moisture = 8 %, N = 6 %, H = 3 %, Sulfur
= 7 %, O = 4 %. Calculate the higher heating value in Btu/lb.
a) 15 179 b) 11 579 c) 17 519 d) 19 517

Answer: b) 11 579 Btu/lb

Solution:
 O   0.04 
HHV  14 544 C  62 028  H 2  2   4 050 S  14544 0.67   62028  0.03     4050 0.07
 8   8 
HHV = 11 578.68 Btu/lb

13. Determine the heating value of a certain fuel with a SG = 0.997.

a) 42 975 kJ/kg b) 42 597 kJ/kg c) 42 795 kJ/kg d) 42 579 kJ/kg

Answer: a) 42 975 kJ/kg

Solution: HHV  51716  8 793.8  SG  2  51716  8 793.8  0.997  2  42 975 kJ / kg

14. If an airplane is flying at an altitude of 5 800 ft, what is the approximate atmospheric pressure at the said altitude?
a) 12.34 psi b) 14.7 psi c) 13.24 psi d) 14.32 psi

Answer: a) 12.34 psi

 1" Hg 
Solution: p  29.92 in Hg     4 800 ft   25.12 in Hg  12.34 psia
 1 000 ft 

3
 Note: Barometric pressure reduces by 1 inch Hg per 1000 ft rise in elevation or 83.312 mm Hg per 1000 m rise in elevation.

Barometric temperature reduces by 3.566 oF per 1000 ft rise in elevation, or 6.5 oC per 1000 m rise in elevation.

15. It the maximum temperature of any gas or vapor at which it may be condensed into a liquid; above this temperature, it is
impossible to condense regardless of the pressure applied. How do you call this temperature?
a) Saturation temperature b) Superheated temperature
c) Critical temperature d) Dew point temperature

Answer: Critical temperature

16. Calculate the energy transfer rate across 6” wall of firebrick with a temperature difference across of 50 oC. the thermal
conductivity of the firebrick is 0.65 Btu/hr-ft-oF.
a) 369 W/m2 b) 369 Btu/hr-Ft2 c) 639 W/m2 d) 639 Btu/hr-Ft2

Answer: a) Heat Transfer = 369 W/m2

q k
  T  

0.65 Btu / hr  ft  o F  9 
 50   117 Btu / Hr  ft 2
A L  6  
Solution: 5 
 ft 
 12 
2
qk
   1 Hr  3.28 ft 
 117 Btu / Hr  ft 2 1055 J / Btu      368.88
W
A  3600 s  1 m  m2

17. What is the specific gravity of a fuel at 28o Baume?

a) 0.868 0.688 c) 0.886 d) 0.986

Answer: c) SG = 0.886

o 140 140
Solution: SG @ 15.6 C   0.886
o
Baume  130 28  130

18. Air at 1 MPaa and 310 oC is expanded to 250 kPaa in accordance with the relation pV1.25 = C. Determine the work done.
a) + 162.11 kJ/kg b) – 162.11 kJ/kg c) + 126.11 kJ/kg d) – 126.11 kJ/kg

Answer: a) Work done, W = + 162.11 kJ/kg

n 1 0.25
Solution: T  T  p 2 

n  250  1.25
  310  273    441.83 o
K
2 1 
 p1   1000 

p 2 v 2  p1 v1  R   0.28708 
W    T2  T1      441.83  583   162.11 kJ / kg
1 n 1 n    0.25 

Note: Work is positive (+), if work is done by the system; and work is negative (-) if work is done to the system.

19. A Rankine cycle operates with a thermal efficiency of 40 % and the factor of evaporation of the boiler is 1.15. Determine the
mass flow rate of steam if the cycle power output is 5.5 MW.
a) 5.3 kg/s b) 4.3 kg/s c) 3.5 kg/s d) 6.3 kg/s

Answer: a) Steam mass flow rate, ms = 5.3 kg/s

Wnet 5500 QA QA 13 750

Solution: Q A    13 750 kW ms     5.3 kg / s
e th 0.40 h 1  h B 2257  FE  2257 1.15

20. This refrigeration system component combines the functions of a cooling tower and a condenser. It consists of a casing
enclosing a fan or blower section, water eliminators, refrigerant condensing coil, water pan, float valve, and spray pump
outside the casing. How do you call this component?
a) Water-cooled condenser b) Evaporative condenser c) Atmospheric condenser d) Chiller
4
 Answer: b) Evaporative condenser

21. A boiler operates at 82 % efficiency while the mass of steam generated is 490 200 kg in 6 hours. The enthalpy of steam is
3187 kJ/kg and feed is 604.83 kJ/kg while the fuel used for boiler has a heating value of 32 567.85 kJ/kg. Find the mass of
fuel needed per day in metric tons.
a) 179.6 b) 189.6 c) 198.6 d) 169.8

Answer: b) Fuel consumption per day = 189.6 metric tons

490 200
Solution: m s   81 700 kg / hr
6
m s  h 2  h 1  81 700  3187  604.83
QF    257 272 303.7 kg / hr
EB 0.82

QF 257 272 303.7

mF    7 899.58 kg / hr  189 589.8958 kg / day  189.6 Metric tons / day
qh 32 567.85

22. It refers to a factor used in calculating the over-all heat transfer through the tube walls of a condenser tube or other heating
surface. It includes the sum of the heat-transfer rate of the layer of dirt and foreign material that builds up on the water side of
the tube. What is this factor?
a) Cooling factor b) Contact factor c) By-pass factor d) Fouling factor

Answer: d) Fouling Factor

23. A 10 kg/s of air enters the theater at 16 oC. The theater is to be maintained at 27 oC DB and 20 oC WB. If the sensible heat
ratio is 0.71, what is the latent heat load of the theater?
a) 45.21 kW b) 54.21 kW c) 110.682 kW d) 42.51 kW
Answer: a) atent heat load, qL = 45.21 kW

Solution: q s  1.0062 m  t r  t s   1.0062 10  27  16   110 .682 kW

qs 110.682
qL   qs   110.682  45.21 kW
SHR 0.71

24. A 80 MW power plant has an average load of 34 500 kW and a load factor of 0.75. Find the reserve power over a peak load
power.
a) 14 000 kW b) 34 000 kW c) 24 000 kW d) 4 000 kW

Answer: b) Reserve Power = 34 000 kW

Average Load Average Load 34 500

Solution: Load Factor  Peak Load    46 000 kW
Peak Load Load Factor 0.75

Re serve Power  Plant Capacity  Peak Load  80000  46000  34 000 kW

25. What is the standardized term used by the industry to describe any device that meters or regulates the flow of liquid refrigerant
to an evaporator?
a) Refrigerant control b) Expansion valve c) Throttling valve d) Capillary tube

Answer: b) Expansion Valve

26. A steam generator burns fuel oil with 25 % excess air. Fuel may be represented by C14H30. Calculate the actual-air fuel ratio.
a) 17.63 b) 18.63 c) 16.63 d) 15.63

5
 Answer: b) Actual A/F ratio = 18.63 kg air per kg fuel

137.28 n  0.25m  1  e  137.2814  0.25 30 

Solution: A : F   1.25  18.63
12n  m 1214  30

Note: Equation above is used for hydro-carbon fuels, CnHm.

27. A container filled with helium is dropped 3000 m above the ground, find the change of temperature?
a) 12.43 oC b) 9.43 oC c) 15.43 oC d) 8.43 oC

Answer: b) The change of temperature, T = 9.43 oC

mg z   R   k  1 g  z 
Solution: P  KE  U  mc v  T   m   T  T  k=
1000  k 1 1000 R
1.666
R 8.3143 0.666 9.8066 3000 o
R    2.078575 kJ / kg o K T   9.43 C
M 4 1000  2.078575

Note: For Helium, k = 1.666 and M = 4 kg/kgmole

28. A 3153-lb car is accelerated from 32 fps to 55 fps in 10 seconds. Determine the work done, in Btu.
a) 125.92 b) 192.52 c) 152.92 d) 129.52

Answer: a) Work done, W = 125.92 Btu

Solution: W  K  
m 2
 2
 V2  V1 

3153  55 2   32 2
  125.92 Btu

2 2 32.2  778

Note: 1 Btu = 778 ft-lb & 1 lbf = 32.2 lbm-fps2

Work = Kinetic energy

29. A turbine has a peripheral coefficient of 0.6. Find the runner diameter of the turbine if it operates at 450 rpm and a head of 60
m.
a) 0.874 m b) 0.784 m c) 0.478 m d) 0.748 m

Answer: a) Water runner diameter, Dr = 0.874 m

Periperal velocity  Dr N
Solution: Peripheral Coefficient,   
Velocity of jet 60 2 g H eff

Dr 

 60 2g H eff    0.60 60 2 9.8066 60
 0.874 m
N   450
30. Heat is transferred from hot water to an oil in a double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger. Water enters the outer pipe at 120
o
C and exits at 55 oC while the oil enters the inner pipe at 26 oC and exits at 65 oC. What is the log-mean temperature
difference (LMTD)?
a) 42.60 oC b) 40.62 oC c) 46.20 oC d) 42.06 oC

Answer: b) Log Mean Temperature Difference, LMTD = 40.62 oC

Solution:
o
 A  t 1  t 4  120  65  55 C   max 1
t1 = 120 oC
o A
 B  t 2  t 3  55  26  29 C   min 4 2
t4 = 65 oC t2 = 55 oC
6 B
t3 = 26 oC
3
A B
  max   min 55  29
LMTD    40.62 o C
   55 
ln max  ln 
  min   29 

31. In a Rankine cycle, steam enters the turbine at 2.5MPa and a condenser pressure of 50KPa. What is the quality of steam at the
turbine exhaust? Steam Properties: @ 2.5Mpaa, h = 2803.1 kJ/kg & s = 6.2575 kJ/kg- OK; @ 50kPaa, hf = 340.49 kJ/kg,
hfg = 2305.4 kJ/kg, vf = 0.00103 m /kg, sf = 1.0910 kJ/kg-OK, sfg = 6.5029 kJ/kg-OK.
3

a) 79.45 % b) 97.45 % c) 59.75 % d) 95.55 %

Answer: a) Steam Quality, x2 = 79.45 %

s s 
Solution: x 2   2 f2 100 %   6.2575  1.0910  100 %   79.45 %
 sfg   6.5029 
 

32. An adiabatic turbine steam generating plant receives steam at a pressure of 7.0 MPa and 550 OC (h = 3531 kJ/kg) and exhausts
at a condenser pressure of 20kPa (h = 2290 kJ/kg). The turbine inlet is 3 meters higher than the turbine exit, inlet steam
velocity is 15m/s and the exit is 300m/s. Calculate the turbine work in kJ/kg.
a) 1296.14 b) 1196.24 c) 1619.42 d) 1294.16

Answer: b) The turbine work, Wt = 1196.24 kJ/kg

Solution: Wt   h  k  P    h 1  h 2  
V 1
2


 V22 g z 2  z 1 
2000 1000

Wt   3531  2290  
15 2   300 2 
9.8066 3
 1196.24 kJ / kg
2000 1000

33. Determine the indicated power of a four-cylinder, 4-stroke, Diesel engine with 20-cm bore and 30-cm stroke running at 1000
rpm and has a reading of 450 kPa mean effective pressure in the indicator diagram.
a) 159.83 Hp b) 189.53 Hp c) 158.93 Hp d) 198.53 Hp

Answer: b) Indicated power, IP = 189.53 Hp

Solution: Volume displacement,

  n   1000  4 
VD  D 2 L N n c  D 2 L   n c / 60     0.20  2  0.30   
3
  0.3142 m / s
4 4 2 4  2  60 

Indicated Power, WI  p I VD   450  0.3142  141.4 kW  189.53 Hp

34. The approach and efficiency of cooling tower are 10 oC and 65 %, respectively. If the temperature of water leaving the tower
is 27 oC, determine the temperature of water entering the tower.
a) 54.57 oC b) 55.47 oC c) 45.57 oC d) 54.75 oC

Answer: c) Temperature of water entering the tower, t3 = 45.57 oC

Solution: t wb1  t 4  CA  27  10  17 o C
ACR t t
Tower Efficiency, e t   3 4
TCR t 3  t wb1
t 4  et wb1 27  0.65  17 
t3    45.57 o C
1 e 1  0.65

35. An air-vapor mixture has a dry bulb temperature of 30 oC and a humidity ratio of 0.015 kg/kg d.a., calculate the enthalpy of
the moist air.
7
 a) 68.527 kJ/kg d.a b) 86.527 kJ/kg d.a c) 65.827 kJ/kg d.a. d) 67.528 kJ/kg d.a

Answer: a) Enthalpy, h = 68.527 kJ/kg d.a.

Solution: Using the IHVE formula, h = 1.007t – 0.026 + W(2501 + 1.84t)

h  1.007 30   0.026   0.015  2501  1.84 30   68.527 kJ / kg da

36. Determine the equivalence ratio of the following mixture: 4 grams of butane, C 4H10, and 75 grams of air.
a) 0.72 b) 0.92 c) 0.62 d) 0.82

Answer: d) Equivalence ratio = 0.82

137.28 n  0.25m  137.28 4  0.2510 

Solution: Theoretical air-fuel ratio, Wa    15.385 kg / kg
12n  m 12 4   10
75
Actual Air-fuel ratio, Waa   18.75 kg / kg
4

Wa 1 15.385
Equivalence ratio     0.82
Waa 1  e 18.75

37. Find the air Hp of an industrial fan that delivers 25 m 3/s of air through a 900 mm by 1200 mm outlet. Static pressure is 127
mm of water gage and air density is 1.18 kg/m3.
a) 52.3 Hp b) 35.2 Hp c) 42.3 Hp d) 34.2 Hp

Answer: a) Fan power, WF = 52.3 Hp

Q 25 w  1000 
Solution: V    23.15 m / s hs  hw     0.127   107.63 m air
A  0.9 1.2  a  1.18 

hv 
V2

 23.15 2  27.32 m air h t  h s  h v  107.63  27.32  134.95 m air
2g 2  9.8066

gQh t 1.18 9.8066 25134.95

WF    39.04 kW  52.3 Hp
1000 1000

38. Determine the indicated mean effective pressure of an engine, in psi, having a brake mean effective pressure of 750 kPa and 80 %
mechanical efficiency.
a) 138 b) 137 c) 136 d) 135

Answer: c) Indicated mean effective pressure, pI = 136.01 psi

WB p p
Solution: m  100 %   B 100 % p I  B  750  937.5 kPa  136.01 psi
WI pI m 0.80

39. The indicator card (actual p-V diagram) of an engine in a Diesel power plant indicates an area of 0.06 m 2 and length of 300
mm, and with a spring scale of 2500 kPa/m. The engine was tested using Prony brake with lever arm of 3 m and tare weight of
8 kN. Determine the mechanical efficiency if the engine is running at 600 rpm. The engine is 2-stroke and has 12 cylinders,
300 mm bore, and 450 mm stroke.
a) 78.01 % b) 79.01 % c) 82.01 % d) 76.01 %

Answer: b) Engine mechanical Efficiency = 79.01 %

 n T   600   8 kN   3 m  A 0.06 m 2
Solution: WB    1507.96 kW h   0.2 m
30 30 b 0.3 m
p I  k s h   2500 kPa / m   0.2 m   500 kPa
8
  2 
VD  D Lnn c / 60     0.3 2  0.45 60012 / 60  3.817 m 3 / s
4 4
WI  p I VD   500  3.817  1908.5 kW

m 
WB
100 %    1507.96  100 %   79.01 %
WI  1908.5 
40. A 2-kg steam at 2.5 MPaa and 260 oC undergoes a constant pressure until the quality becomes 70 %. Determine the heat
rejected, in Btu. At 2.5 MPaa and 260oC: h = 2907.4 kJ/kg; and at 2.5 MPaa and 70 % quality: hf = 962.11 kJ/kg and hg =
2803.1 kJ/kg.
a) 1244.7 Btu b) 1424.7 Btu c) 1442.7 Btu d) 1274.4 Btu

Answer: a) Heat rejected = 1244.73 Btu

 
Solution: h 2  h f  x 2 h g  h f  962.11   0.70 2803.1  962.11  2250.803 kJ / kg

Q  m h   m  h 2  h 1   2  2250.803  2907.4   1313.19 kJ   1244.73 Btu

41. Are steam traps required to pass air?

a) Steam traps should not pass air under any circumstances
b) Only when the trap has passed all the condensate
c) Air should be removed as soon as it reaches the trap
d) Only on high pressure steam system

Answer: c) Air should be removed as soon as it reaches the trap

42. A 145 000-kW turbo-generator requires 690 000 kg/hr of steam at rated load and 23 000 kg/hr of steam at zero load.
Determine the steam rate, in kg/kW-hr, at 75 % of its rated load.
a) 4.81 kg/kW-hr b) 3.81 kg/kW-hr c) 5.81 kg/kW-hr d) 2.81 kg/kW-hr

Answer: a) Rated load = 4.811 kg/kW-Hr

m  23 000 690 000  23 000 690 000 kg/hr

Solution: 
108 750 145 000
m
m = 523 250 kg/hr

523 250 23 000 kg/hr

 75   4.811 kg / kW  hr
108 750

108 750 kW 145 000 kW

43. The combustion gases of a furnace are separated from its surrounding or ambient air which is 29 oC. The brick wall is 130 mm and has a
thermal conductivity of 1.23 W/m-oC with a surface emissivity of 0.81. The outer surface temperature of the wall is 130 oC and with surface
air conductance of 15 W/m2-oC. For steady state conditions, what is the total heat transmitted for a surface area of 30 m 2?
a) 70.33 kW b) 73.30 kW c) 33.07 kW d) 37.30 kW

Answer: a) 70.33 kW

Solution: 
q k  Ah c  T   A Ts4  T4 
  
q k   3015130  29   0.81 5.669 x 10 8  30 130  273 4   29  273 4 
qk = 70326.81 W = 70.33 kW

44. Which of the following ranges of humidity ratio is used for comfort air conditioning?
a) 50 to 55 % b) 55 to 60 % c) 60 to 65 % d) 45 to 50 %
9
 Answer: b) RH = 55 % to 60 %

45. When adding the refrigerant in a refrigeration system, it shall be charge into which of the following parts of the system?
a) High pressure side b) Low pressure side
c) Low and high pressure side d) Compressor discharge line

Answer: b) Low pressure side

46. A 1.5 MW Diesel power generating unit has a generator efficiency of 85 %. Determine the volume flow rate, in lps, of cooling water
required for the engine at 18 oC temperature rise.
a) 21 lps b) 19 lps c) 22 lps d) 23 lps

Answer: a) Volume flow = 21 lps

Wk 1500
Solution: BP    1764.71 kW
g 0.85

Heat Balance for a Typical Diesel Engine at Full Load

Brake Power 34 %
Cooling System Losses 30 %
Exhaust Losses 26 %
Friction, Radiation, etc 10 %

Q cw 
BP
 0.30   1500   0.30  1557.1 kW
0.34  0.85 0.34 
Q cw 1557.1
m cw    20.66 kg / s

c p T  4.187 18

20.66 kg / s
Vcw   20.66 lps
1 kg / li

47. Why is a boiler feed tank heated to approximately 85 oC?

a) To reduce the energy required to raise steam
b) To reduce the content of total dissolved solids in the water supplied to the boiler
c) To reduce the gas content of the water
d) To reduce the content of suspended solids in the water

Answer: c) To reduce the gas content of the water

48. What is used to dry air?

a) A separator b) A strainer c) A steam trap d) A tee piece

Answer: a) A separator

49. A Carnot refrigerator is to remove heat from a cooled space at a rate of 18 000 kJ/hr to maintain the temperature at – 8 oC. If
the air surrounding the refrigerator is 25 oC, determine the minimum power required for the refrigerator.
a) 0.723 kW b) 0.523 kW c) 0.623 kW d) 0.423 kW

Answer: c) 0.623 kW

Q L  TH  TL  18000 25  8
Solution: W    2241.51 kJ / hr  0.623 kW
TL  273  8
50. A Pelton wheel has a capacity of 25 000 kW with head of 290 m. What is the number of jet needed for this turbine if the jet if
the nozzle jet diameter is 200 mm.
a) 3 b) 4 c) 2 d) 1
10
Answer: b) Number of Jets or Nozzles = 4

1000 Wt  25 000 1000  8.79 m 3 / s

Solution: Q  
gH T 1000 9.8066 290
 
A    D 2     0.20  2  0.03142 m 2
4 4

Q 8.79
V 2gH  2 9.8066   290   75.42 m / s AT    0.1165 m 2
V 75.42
0.1165 m 2
No. of jets: N j   3.71 jets Use 4 jets
0.03142 m 2 / jet

11