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Punctuation Comma:: Semicolon

The document defines and provides examples of common punctuation marks used in writing: - The comma is used to separate elements in a sentence and after salutations. - The period ends declarative sentences and follows abbreviations. - The question mark indicates a direct question. - The exclamation point adds emphasis and is used in dialogue. - The semicolon connects independent clauses that have a close relationship.

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Sufyan Ashraf
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43 views2 pages

Punctuation Comma:: Semicolon

The document defines and provides examples of common punctuation marks used in writing: - The comma is used to separate elements in a sentence and after salutations. - The period ends declarative sentences and follows abbreviations. - The question mark indicates a direct question. - The exclamation point adds emphasis and is used in dialogue. - The semicolon connects independent clauses that have a close relationship.

Uploaded by

Sufyan Ashraf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PUNCTUATION

COMMA:The comma (,) is used to show a separation of ideas or elements within


the structure of a sentence.
Additionally, it is used in letter writing after the salutation and closing. Separating
elements within sentences:
Suzi wanted the black , green , and blue shoes. Letter Salutations: Dear Uncle John ,
Separation of two complete sentences: We went to the movies, and we went to the
beach.

PERIOD: The period (.) is placed at the end of declarative sentences, statements
thought to be complete and after many abbreviations. As a sentence ender: Jane
and Jack went to the market. After an abbreviation:Her Mar. birthday came and
went.

QUESTION MARK: Use a question mark (?) to indicate a direct question when placed at
the end of a sentence. When did Jane leave for the market?

EXCLAMATION POINT: The exclamation point/mark (!) is used when a person


wants to express a sudden outcry or add emphasis. Within dialogue: “Holy cow!” screamed
Jane.
To emphasize a point: My mother-in-law’s rants make me furious!

SEMICOLON; The semicolon (;) is used to connect independent clauses. It


shows a closer relationship
between the clauses than a period would show. John was hurt ; he knew she only
said it to upset him.

COLON : A colon (:) has two main uses: After a word introducing a quotation, an
explanation, an example, or a
series. It is also often used after the salutation of a business letter. Within time expressions.
Within time, it is used
to separate out the hour and minute:12:15 p.m.

DASH : An endash (–) is a symbol that is used in writing or printing to connect


numbers or to connect elements of a compound adjective, such as 1880 – 1945 or
Princeton – New York trains.

THE EMDASH (—) looks like the endash but has more complicated grammatical
use. The symbol of is used to: • Indicate a break in thought or sentence structure
• Introduce a phrase added for emphasis, definition, or explanation
• Separate two clauses We only wanted to get two birds — but the clerk talked us
into four pregnant parakeets.

HYPHEN A hyphen (-) is used between the parts of a compound word or name or between
the syllables of a word, especially when divided at the end of a line of text. Examples of a
hyphen in use include: Between a compound name: Mrs.Smith – Reynolds Within a compound
word back - to – back

PARENTHESES Parentheses ( () ) are curved notations used to contain further


thoughts or qualifying remarks. However, parentheses can be replaced by commas
without changing the meaning in most cases. John and Jane ( who were actually half
brotherand sister ) both have red hair.
BRACKETS Brackets ([]) are the squared off notations used for technical explanations.
YourDictionary uses them when you look up word definitions. At the bottom of each definition
page, brackets surround a technical description of where the word originated.

BRACES Braces ({}) are used to contain two or more lines of text or listed items
to show that they are considered as a unit. They are not commonplace in most
writing, but can be seen in computer programming to show what should be
contained within the same lines.

QUOTATIONS MARKS Quotations marks ( “” ) are a pair of punctuation marks used


primarily to mark the
beginning and end of a passage attributed to another and repeated word for word. They are
also used to indicate meanings and to indicate the unusual or dubious status of a word.

Single quotation marks (‘) are used most frequently for quotes within quotes.

ELLIPSIS The ellipsis mark (. . .) is generally represented by three periods,


although it is occasionally demonstrated with three asterisks (***). Ellipses are
used:
• In writing or printing to indicate an omission, especially of letters or words.
• Within quotations to jump from one phrase to another, omitting unnecessary
words that do not interfere with the meaning.
• Students writing research papers or newspapers quoting parts of speeches will
often employ ellipses to avoid copying lengthy text that is not needed

APOSTROPHE An apostrophe (‘) is used to indicate the omission of a letter or


letters from a word, the
possessive case, or the plurals of lowercase letters. Examples of the apostrophe in
use include: Omission of letters from a word: An issue of nat’l importance.
Possesive case: Sara’s dog bites.
Plural for lowercase letters: Six people were told to mind their p’s and q’s.It should
be noted that, according to Purdue University, some teachers and editors enlarge
the scope of the useof apostrophe, and prefer their use on symbols (&’s), numbers
(7’s) and capitalized letters (Q&A’s), even though they are not necessary

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