code of constructions Safety practic"

ffirc

ear protectors ... etc.) shall be provided to operators of such tool.

- Appropriate type of powder shall be selected with regard to the nature of work
being performed so as to prevent penetration through to the other side. The area
where powder-actuated tool is operating shall be cleared and prevented from
any person's access (figure 16).

Fig.16

14.3.6. Abrasive and Grit Blasting:

1. Blasting operation shall be performed by trained and experienced personnel in these

operations and they shall be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment
(appropriate respirators, ear protectors, body protective suits, etc...) (figure 17).

Fig.17
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

2. All connections and hose nozzles shall be designed to prevent disengagement and
shall be equipped with safety lashings.
3. Hoses and hose connections shall be so designed as to prevent build up of static
electricity. Hose nozzles shall be grounded and no adjustment shall be attempted to
cancel th is characteristic.
4. Nozzle attachments shall be of metal and fit on the hose. A safety device shall be
provided at the sand blasting nozzle to cut off the flow of the compressed air from the
nozzle in accidental disengagement when the operator loses control of hose. A stand/
support shall be provided on which the nozzle may be mounted when it is not in use.
5. ln shot blasting machines, every door, aperture and joint of the blasting enclosure shall
be kept closed and air tight while blasting is being done. Proper dust collection system
shall be provided and cleaned periodically.
6. Blasting area shall be cleared and appropriately barricaded to provide protection to
other employees or machinery. Unauthorized employees shall not be allowed to
approach the area.

14.3.7. High Pressure Water Jetting:

1. Only qualified personnel designated by the contractor shall operate, maintain and repair
high pressure water jetting equipment.
2. The work pieces to be jetted shall be moved to isolated areas. Where it is impracticable,
area limits shall be defined with barriers and warning sings erected restricting access.
3. When carrying out the jetting operation with chemical additive, extra precautions shall
be taken.
4. No adjustments to the equipment shall be attempted when it is under pressure.
5. Accesses, exits, safe working platforms and adequate personal protective equipment
appropriate to the nature of the work being performed shall be provided when working
at heights.

1 4.3.8. Ai r Gom pressors :

Fig. 18
 code of constructions Sarety practic"
ffitX

ffi
Air compressors used for performing operations such as cleaning, drilling, hoisting, chipping etc., in
construction sites shall be:
1. Supported with sufficient clearance area to permit a complete external inspection and
to avoid corrosion of external surfaces. Under no circumstances shall an air receiver
be buried underground or located in an inaccessible place.
2. A drain pipe and valve shall be installed at the lowest point of every air receiver to
provide for the removal of accumulated oil and water. Adequate automatic traps may
be installed in addition to drain valves.
3. The drain valve on the air receiver shall be opened and the receiver completely
drained frequently and at such intervals as to prevent the accumulation of excessive
amounts of liquid in the receiver.
4. Every air receiver shall be equipped with a pressure gauge and safety valve. The
safety valve shall be tested frequently and at regular intervals to determine whether they
are in good operating condition.
5. Every pressure vessel shall be examined by a inspection body approved by Dubai
Municipality once in 12 months by visual examination and hydrostatic or pneumatic test
and a certificate shall be issued.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN

WELDING AND CUTTING

@
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

INTRODUCTION:
Welding is used to join metals. When welded, two pieces of similar metals are heated, melted and
fused together. Once completed, the welded joint is as strong as or stronger than the pieces from
which the joint is formed.
Hazards associated with welding include: smoke, toxic fumes, flying solid particles, high tempera-
ture, light radiation, fires and explosions.

1 5.1. General Requirements:

1. The contractor shall not permit employees to carry out any hot work operations (welding,
cutting, open flames, etc.) except after obtaining the appropriate written <Hot Work
Permit> from the authorized person.
2. Hot work operations may be carried out (welding, cutting, open flames, etc.) without
obtaining <Hot Work Permit> only in pre-designated and specified areas by the
contractor as workshops and far from the areas which contain flammable liquids or
materials.
3. Welders, cutters and their supervisor shall be trained in the safe operation of their
equipment, safe welding and cutting practices and welding and cutting respiratory
protection and fire protection.
4. All welding equipment shall be inspected daily. Defective equipment shall be removed
from service, replaced or repaired and re-inspected by qualified competent persons
before again being placed in service.

15.2, Fire Prevention and Protection:

1. The contractor shall ensure that welding areas are free of combustible and flammable
materials.by conducting proper measurements using safety apparatuses to detect the
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

percentage of flammable and combustible material in air. The lower flammable limit (LFL)
reading must not exceed 10 % before starting the welding operation.
2. lf the object to be welded cannot be moved, all moveable fire hazards in the vicinity shall
be taken to a safe place at least 11 meter (35 feet) away from the welding area.
3. lf the object to be welded or cut cannot be moved and if all the fire hazards cannot
be removed, then guards shall be used to confine the heat, sparks, and slag, and to
protect the immovable fire hazards. The floor shall be covered with damp sand or wetted
to extinguish flying sparks, also if possible, the work area shall be enclosed with portable
fire-resistant screens. (Fig. # 1).

Fig. 1

4. Suitable and adequate fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers, fire hose reel,
etc.) shall be immediately available in the work area and shall be maintained in a state
of readiness for instant use in case of fire (Fig. # 2).

Fig.2

5. A person who is well-trained on firefighting shall be assigned as a firewatcher to maintain

a watch for flying sparks resulting from the welding operation within 11 meters (35 feet)
area. A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of
welding operation.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

6. No welding or cutting operations shall be performed on used barrels or any other

containers of flammable or combustible materials until they have been cleaned so
thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that there are no flammable or combustible
materials present (Fig. # 3).

'.t

Fig.3

7. Noncombustible supports shall be used under metal workings while welding operation
is performed.
8. A fire - resistant cover shall be used to cover all openings or cracks on walls adjacent
to the welding area to prevent passage of sparks or heat transfer through those openings
or cracks to adjacent areas.
9. lf welding or cutting is to be performed on a metal wall, partition, ceilings or roofs,
adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition of combustibles on the other
side, due to heat transfer by conduction or radiation.
10. No welding or cutting shall be performed in areas where flammable paints or other
flammable or combustible materials are present.
11 . When welding or cutting is performed near fire fighting sprinkler heads, a wet cloth
shall cover those sprinkler heads to prevent their activation as a result of welding
produced heat. When welding or cutting operations complete, the cloth shall be
removed. Necessary precautions shall be taken when performing welding and cutting
operations in areas safeguarded with fire alarm system to prevent fire alarm activation.

15.3. Protection of Personnel:

1. Employees performing any type of welding or cutting and other personnel present in
the welding area shall be protected against radiation, flying sparks, glare, melting
materials and welding slag by wearing proper and adequate personal protective
equipment and clothing in accordance with the requirements specified in Chapter Four
in this manual.
2. Suitable eye and face protective wear (safety glasses, goggles, and face shields)with
appropriate filter lenses to the nature and size of welding electrode shall be used.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

iatiiilt:t:i::l

3. Protective flame-resistant gauntlet gloves and cotton suits with full sleeves and
without pockets shall be used. The trousers shall have no cuffs and shall extend well
down to the shoes. Appropriate safety shoes shall be used and durable flame-
resistant aprons made of leather may be used as an additional protection over the
protective clothing.

s,r.s*b
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l"teld i*{€{* i;$,5 d;3n
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stuifl*utside
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fi**Afr. <osx*r*lie
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fi.1*llriE6

Fig.4

15.4. Health Protection and Ventilation:

1. Prior to the start of any welding or cutting operation, metal components, anti-rusting
coatings, welding electrodes and welding electrode coatings (if any) shall be identified.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

2. After identifying the above information, potential health hazards, types and kinds of
appropriate personal protective equipment and adequate protective ventilation shall
be determined.
3. Proper ventilation shall be provided in welding area either naturally or mechanically.
4. Natural ventilation is considered adequate within a welding area space of 284 square
meters (10000 square feet) with a ceiling height of not less than 5 meters (16 feet).
5. lf above listed conditions are not provided for adequate natural ventilation,
mechanical ventilation shall be required. Mechanical ventilation shall be at a minimum
rate of 56 cubic meter per minute (2000 cubic feet per minute) per each welding
equipment. lt is preferable that local exhaust ventilation to be used as near as practicable
to the work being welded and provided with a rate of air-flow sufficient to maintain a
velocity in the direction of the hood of 30 meter per minute (100 linear feet per minute)
which shall extract the welding fumes into a special filter in (HEPA Filter - High
Efficiency Particulate Air filter). Exhaust systems shall also be efficient means to
provide a rate of airflow of at least 20 air change per hour to keep the concentration
of fumes within safe allowable concentration limits. (Fig. # 5).

Fig.5

6. When performing welding and cutting operations in confined spaces, adequate

ventilation shall be provided and local exhausting ventilation systems shall be provided
to extract welding and cutting harmful fumes outside the confined space.
7. Before welding, cutting, or heating is commenced on any metal surfaces covered by
preservative or anti-rust coatings, all surfaces shall be thoroughly stripped of such
coatings for a surrounding distance of 10 cm. (4 inches)from the area of heat
application.
8. When welding, cutting, or heating materials including the toxic substances specified
in table # (1) is undertaken the following precautions shall be taken:
a. Mechanical ventilation and respiratory devices shall be provided in any
confined spaces or limited spaces.
b. Except for Beryllium, when substances specified in table (1) exist in confined
spaces or indoors, adequate mechanical ventilation, preferably local exhaust
ventilation, shall be used. With Beryllium, appropriate respirators shall be used.
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Table (1)

Substance Uses Hazards

Beryllium Strengthening Copper and Metal fume fever (flu-like
Aluminum alloys symptoms) and suspected to
cause cancer
Cadmium Metal rust preventive coating Respiratory diseases
(Pulmonary Edema) and
suspected to cause cancer
Chromium lron alloys specially Eye and skin allergy, nasal
stainless steel irritation and some kinds
cause cancer
Nickel lron alloys specially Skin diseases and causes cancer
stainless steel
Zinc Galvanized steel Metal fume fever (flu-like
symptoms)
Vanadium Manufacturing of Filler wire Eye and respiratory allergy
and may cause Asthma
Fluoride Weldi ng electrodes coatings Eye, nose and throat irritation.
when melted cover the welding Excessive exposure may
area to prevent the reaction of cause fluid in the lungs
oxygen with the melted metal and bone damages
which may damage welding Respiratory diseases
Silica Welding electrodes coatings specially Silicoses
when melted cover the welding
area to prevent the reaction of
oxygen with the melted metal
which may damage welding

9. Arc and gas cutting, Oxygen cutting using either an iron powder or chemical flux,
gas-shielded arc cutting, and plasma cutting shall employ local mechanical exhaust
ventilation or other means adequate to remove the fumes generated.
10. Other persons exposed to the same atmospheres as welders or cutters shall be
protected in the same manner as welders and cutters, according to the technical
guidelines # (21).

15.5. Gas Welding:

1. Torch valves and gas source valves shall be turned off when welding is temporarily
stopped and they shall be removed from the welding area to a designated safe
storage place at the end of each working shift.
2. Torches and hoses shall be removed from confined spaces when the work is suspended.
3. Non-return valves shall be installed to gas cylinders on each hose directly close to
the torch for oxyacetylene welding, cutting and heating equipment which mix oxygen
and acetylene or other fuel gases. (Fig. # 6).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

.d .. ,,
., l:l]
.,L!g-: , Slo
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i{^.,".'Y""'-
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Fig.6

4. Flash-back arrestor valve shall be installed on the regulators of oxygen and acetylene
cylinders to prevent very fast flame back as a result of clogged torch tip. lf oxygen
and acetylene mixed in one of the hoses, it shall cause gas explosion or flashback.
(Fis. # 7).

Fig.7

re
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

ffiffi
5. Hoses shall be stored in boxes with holes to provide ventilation for the contents.
6. Acetylene gas (C2H2)pressure regulators shall be adjusted in order not to release
gas pressure more than 15 psi (bounds per square inch) in any condition. Acetylene
under pressure
more than 15 psi will be unstable and may decompose and cause a violent explosion.
7. Clogged torch tip openings shall be cleaned with suitable cleaning wires, drills or
other suitable devices designed for such purposes and recommended by the
manufactu ri ng company.
8. Torches shall be lighted by friction lighters or other approved devices, and not by
matches or other hot work activity.
9. Oxygen cylinders and fittings shall be kept away from oil or grease, and shall not be
handled with oily hands or gloves to prevent fire accidents.
'10. Compressed gas cylinders (oxygen and acetylene) shall never be taken into
confined spaces.
11 . All hoses used in gas welding and cutting shall be examined thoroughly to ensure they
are very tightly attached and there are no gas leaks (by using soapy water, a flame shall
never be used for this purpose).
12. Torches in use shall be inspected by a qualified and trained person atthe beginning of
each working shift for leaking shutoff valves, torch connections, hose couplings, and
tip connections. Any defective valves, torch connections, hoses or tip connections shall
be removed from work immediately.
13. Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from flammable gas cylinders or
combustible materials, a minimum distance of 6 meters (20 feet) or by a
noncombustible barrier at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) high having a fire-resistance rating
of at least half hour. (30 minutes).
14. Copper connections or regulators shall not be used with acetylene gas cylinders.
Acetylene reacts with copper and produces hazardous compounds. Brass connections
and regulators shall be used.

*rum**ffi *YL*HSfiffi ST*ffi&SH:

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Fig.8
 code of constructions Safety practic"
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**yg*n Cylinders
.l*i"r i.164l6ir'als
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i&6"Sl
FU€L GAS SXYGEM

Fig.9

15.6 ARC Welding and Cutting:

1. Electrode holders shall be of a capacity capable of safely handling the maximum rated
current for the electrical circuit and fully insulated to prevent electrical shocks; disconnect
of the electrical circuit or sparks when wires connected to handles.
2. A disconnecting switch shall be fixed on the welding machine or near to it to ensure
immediate disconnection of all electrical power when machine is switched off.
3. Adequate personal protective equipment shall be used, especially eye shields with
filters suitable to the size of the welding electrode and kind of welding.
4. Welding supply cables shall not be placed near power supply cables or other high-
tension wires.
5. Personnel shall be protected against the harmful gases resulted from gas arc welding
of stainless steel by providing adequate local ventilation.
6. Wires or power connections' length shall not exceed the appropriate length to execute
the work. They shall be to the nearest point to the working area.
7. Work lead to complete circuit shall be attached to the work piece or the work-table to be
to the nearest point to the working area.
8. Employees performing electrical welding and cutting shall be protected against the
accidental contact with motor generators, rectifiers, transformers, and all live
electrical parts.
9. Welding operations shall be performed in dry areas away from moist or rain falls.
10. Arc welding machines shall be effectively grounded.
11 . Cables and connectors of arc welding machines shall be appropriately insulated for
normal or heavy works.
t ffi
cooe of constructions Safety Practice

12. External surface of manually operated electrode holders and the clamp shall be
adequately insulated to protect from heat or electrical chock hazards.
13. Allwelding installations shall be water proof.
14. Insulated connections shall be used when attaching wires together for grounding cable
and the power cable connecting the power source with the welding electrode.
15. Electrical wires used in arc welding operations, shall be free of repairs or splices.
16. Pipelines containing gases or flammable liquids or conduits containing electrical
circuits, shall not be used as ground return.
17 . All arc welding and cutting operations shall be shielded by non-combustible or flame
proof screens which will protect employees and other persons working in the vicinity
from the direct rays of the arc. (Fig. # 1).
18. When arc welding is used with inert gases (Argon), the resulting ultra violet (UV)
radiations are 5 - 30 o/o more than metal arc welding. Thus, any chlorinated organic
solvents shall be kept 60 meters (200 feet) away from welding area to prevent the
decomposition of these chlorinated organic solvent and the formation of phosgene
gas, unless shielded.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

ffi
re

CHAPTER SEXTEEN

Electrical Hazards

@
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

lntroduction:
Electricity is an essential source of power. lt is essential for modern life and the power energy in dif-
ferent industries.

Use of electricity is not free from hazards to human beings and properties. Electrical hazards are
certain in use, maintenance and connections of electrical apparatuses.

Control of most electrical hazards is not difficult or expensive. However, negligence of application of
electrical protection procedures causes many injuries to persons and properties.

16.1. Electrical Hazards:

1. Electrical Shock
2. Burns
3. Arc-Blasts
4. Fires and Explosions
5. Falls

16.2. General lnstructions:

1. All electrical wiring and installations shall conform to the provisions and requirements of
Dubai Electricity and WaterAuthority (DEWA).
2. All electrical works shall be performed by qualified persons who shall be provided with
adequate and necessary personal protective equipment.
3. Prior to maintenance operations on any electrical equipment or appliances, the electrical
current shall be disconnected, (lockout and tag out) with a lock or any other adequate
means and tagged out to ensure the prevention of reenergizing of the equipment by
any person during work.
4. Employees working near electrical circuits shall not wear trinkets, rings, watches and
jewelry.
5. Approved explosion proof electrical lighting shall be the only means used for artificial
illumination in areas where flammable liquids or gases are present and creating a
potential explosion hazards.
6. Employees working in electricity shall be instructed in using the proper fire extinguishers
in electrical fires such as Dry Chemical and CO2 extinguishers. Water or extinguishers
containing water shall not be used in extinguishing electrical fires which occur in
electrical equipment or conductors as water is a good conductor which causes electrical
shocks for the person using the extinguisher.
7. Metal ladders or non-insulated hand tools shall not be used while working in
electrical installations. (Handles of all hand tools used shall be insulated and wooden
or fiberglass-coated ladders shall be used) (figure 1).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig. 1

8. Fixed and mobile electrical appliances and equipment shall be grounded by means
of non-current carrying wire. When a short circuit occurs and a live wire permits a high
fault-current flow to the frame or cover of an equipment or machine, the circuit breaker
or fuse shall be tripped to interrupt the current and disconnect the electrical circuit or
ground wire carries the current to ground and prevent the current traveling through
human body to the ground. The ground conductor shall be continuously checked by
using Ohm Meter.
9. When the fuse or circuit breaker disconnect the electrical circuit, electrical current shall
not be re-connected before inspecting the cause of the fault and repair it and thus
replace the fuse with other fuse of the same rating or the circuit breaker shall be
returned to its first position by a qualified employee.
10. Electrical circuit shall not be overloaded to prevent occurrence of fires.
11. Electrical wires shall not be passed through doors or windows and shall be kept
away from heating sources such as heaters and shall not be hung from nails to
prevent the damage or wearing of the insulating material.
12. Defective or corroded electricalwires shall not be used and shall immediately replaced.
13. ln case a person receives an electrical shock, this person shall not be touched, first,
disconnect the power and remove the injured person away using a piece of wood or
any other insulated material, and then, first aid shall be provided to the injured
person such as Cardiac Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The doctor shall be informed
immediately or the injured person shall be taken to the nearest hospital.
14. When recharging batteries, employees shall be instructed not touch the battery liquids,
and shall be provided with adequate and suitable personal protective equipment
when doing that (Face shield, rubber gloves, aprons) and when refilling batteries by
acid, acid shall be added to water (and not water to acid), in case any burns by the
effects of acids occurred, immediately flush the burn with big amount of water.

16.3. Electricity at Site:

1. Before any operations or works at site commences and during work progresses, the
contractor shall take all practicable steps to prevent danger to persons employed from
any live. electric cable or apparatus.
2. The design and installation of all electrical power systems for the construction site
shall be done by qualified competent electricians as per the regulations and
requirements issued by the authority concerned.
3. Necessary protective devices such as earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB) shall be
provided in the electrical circuit to avoid risks of electrical shocks (figure 3).
{*$e*ut"ts
,"" Fg{.JLT"

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il\--*
s

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Fig.3

4. All persons working with electrical equipment or installations in construction sites

shall wear the necessary suitable personal protective equipment to protect them from
electrical shock or burns (figure 4). PPE shall be selected by a qualified person in
accordance with the nature of the assigned work.

Fig. 4

5. Electrical equipment and apparatuses shall be so installed as to make nameplates

and markings affixed on them can be examined without removing the installed
equipment from a hard wire position.
6. All fuses and circuit breakers in the electrical panel shall be clearly marked and
labeled in lieu to their connected apparatuses as to facilitate recognizing each
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

equipment's fuses or circuit breakers.

16.4. Personal Protective Equipment during Working with Electricity
1. Non-conductive helmets shall be used, and aluminum helmets shall not be used
while working near electricity.
2. Eye and face protection shall be used when working in electricity where flying sparks
or electrical arcs may occur.
3. Long boots made of non-conductive material shall be used.
4. All hand tools used during working in electrical apparatuses shall be insulated.
Power-operated hand tools shall be grounded or of the double insulated type
equipment (figure 5).

Flrs s**m&$s fr**x*$*red

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w$dlrri s sryff*w'#"

Fig.5

1 6.5. Temporary Electrical Extensions:

1. All temporary electric wiring shall be installed and protected so that the wiring cannot
be damaged by traffic movement.
2. Electrical wires which do not resist atmospheric conditions or of limited electrical
information shall not be used.
3. All wires shall be insulated to prevent contacts with its supports.
4. All pipes and conduits which contain electrical wires shall be provided with appropriate
boxes and covers at their ends.
5. All electrical wires, installations, tools and appliances shall be of the types which
comply with the requirements of the authority concerned.
6. Electrical apparatuses shall be appropriate to the atmospheric conditions where they
shall be used. They shall be explosion proof while operated in wet, flammable or
explosive locations.
7. Switches located in or near the entrances of confined spaces shall be distinctive for
immediate electricity disconnection in emergencies.
8. Exposed empty lamp sockets and broken electrical bulbs shall not be permitted.
9. Mobile electrical lamps shall be provided with electrical cables capable of withstanding
the severest operating conditions to which they may be exposed. Electrical lamps shall
not be mounted by its wires.
10. Non-spark-producing lamps of 12 volts shall be used in wet, flammable and
I ffi Code of Constructions Safety Practice

lilii::!:
it im:iiri.
ffi
ffi
ffi
explosive locations.
11 . Portable electrical tools without double insulation shall comply with the specified
requirements of the authority concerned and shall be grounded.
12. Electrical installations in the worksite shall be protected against damages as a result
of over passing persons or equipment. They shall also be protected from sharp edges
or suitably raised from ground. Automatic circuit breakers shall be used in the electrical
circuits exposed to heavy equipment passage or hammering by metal machines.
13. Appropriate clearance distance shall be maintained between electrical cabinets doors
and electrical installations. Equipment doors and hinged panels must have at least a 90
degree opening provided in the workplace.
14. Persons who are engaged in electrical installations shall wear insulated gloves and
other insulated tools or hot line tools used for live lines when it is necessary to work
with energized circuits.
15. Clearance distance specified by the authority concerned shall be maintained between
employees and any exposed live installations.
16. Electrical equipment and machines shall be grounded and shall not be connected
to electricity before ensuring safe electrical circuit status and enclosed and exposed
live installations are appropriately insulated to prevent contact.
17. lf work nature in the worksite requires a temporary electrical transformer, all procedures
specified by the authority concerned on required protection shall be applied provided
that the installations shall be in compliance with the electrical volt used.
'18. All requirements of electrical installation and safety regarding machines, equipment
and electrical apparatuses when used in the site shall be applied provided that those
requirements shall include the procedures of protection against overloading, earth
leakage current and short circuit current.

16 -6 lncaseof erectionormaintenanceof mainelectrical stationsor electrical substationsproj-

ects, or high voltage cables installations projects, the contractor shall develop and prepare a risk
assessment study and detailed action plan before commencing any work, and shall obtain the nec-
essary approvals and no objection certificates from the concerned authorities.
GHAPTER SEVENTEEN

Gontrol of Hazardous Energy

(LockouU Tag out)

@
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

lntroduction:
Every workplace including different construction worksites has the need for on-going malntenance,
repair, and installation of machines. Serious injury can be caused by the sudden and unexpected
startup of the machinery or equipment.
These guidelines pertain to the application of safe working procedures to isolate energy sources and
movable parts from equipment and machinery prior to any maintenance or installation works being
performed in order to prevent any unauthorized person to operate the machinery by mistake and
expose workers to great danger.

Defin itions:
A. Lockout-Tag out:
The placement of a device to isolate energy sources of equipment being controlled and the place-
ment of tags on energy-isolating device to indicate that the equipment is out of service for mainte-
nance work thereby preventing reenergizing the equipment except after the maintenance work is
completed and only by personnelwho lockout it. References in technical guideline # (15)

B. Energy lsolation Devices: (figure 1):

Mechanical devices that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy such as:
1. Manually operated electrical circuit breakers
2. Blind flanges
3. Chains and locks to secure valves locked.
4. Disconnect switches
5. Padlocks (used to lockout some types of electrical panels)
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig. 1

c. Energy Resources: (figure 2)

1. Electrical energy
2. Mechanical energy
3. Hydraulic energy
4. Pneumatic energy
5. Chemical energy
6. Thermal energy
7. Gases
8. Others
r-.1'R
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Fig.2

D. Affected Employees: (figure 3)

Affected employees are the employees whose job requires them to operate and use machinery and
equipment which are energized by different energy sources or any other existing persons near those
equipment or machinery.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

;J6.!:1{liii
$i:-i1tl
rli:ti.:::.!..i

Fig. 3

E. Authorized Employee: (figure 4)

Authorized employee is the employee who locks out and tags out machines or equipment prior to
the initiation of different works (such as maintenance or repair) and removed them after work is
completed.

:s

Fig.4
 Code of Constructions Safety Practic"
ffi
m
F. Safety Padlock: (figure 5)
It is a lock with only one key used as a lockout device to hold the energy isolating device of equip-
ment and appliances in the safe position which prevent the energizing of equipment or appliances
except by the responsible employee who applied the device and has the lock key.

/- \. /i ti
lr.t 1n/
\J/_/ /ur \ lu,

KEYEN NIFFERENTLY
Fig.5

G. Disconnection:
It is the disconnection of the equipment energy source by valves, electrical switches or mechanical
devices to ensure that the equipment being controlled cannot be operated.

H. Residual energy:
It is the remaining energy in a machine or equipment connections after activation of the disconnec-
tion, including but not limited to (the air pressure in pipelines after locking the valves or the accumu-
lated electrical energy in electrical condensers).

17 .2. General Requirements:

1. Prior to the initiation of maintenance, repair or installation works of a machine or
equipment operated by different energy sources, energy-isolating device of this machine/
equipment shall be appropriately locked out and tagged out to ensure the prevention of
accidental reenergizing of the equipment by any person or unexpected activation of the
machine/equipment which could endanger employees.
2. Tags shall be written in Arabic, English and any other most common language in the
workplace to ensure that they are understandable by all employees concerned.
3. placing of lockout and tag out devices to energy isolating devices of different machines/
equipment prior to maintenance and repair operations shall be implemented by well
experienced and qualified competent person listed by the contractor.
4. All procedures of all maintenance and repair works which shall take place in the project
shall be coordinated between the contractor and the consultant.
5. Prior to starting maintenance or repair on machines or equipment, all authorized
employees shall be notified.
6. The contractor shall develop a written plan which clearly identifies work scope, purpose,
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

i:,:a:lt
,:t:::'t:

responsibilities, permits, rules and procedures, periodic inspection of lockout devices

and adequate training of authorized employees to ensure hazardous energy control.

17.3. Training:
1. Adequate training to all employees responsible of applying lockout and tag out system
shall be provided to ensure the correct application of this system.
2. The training shall include the recognition of different hazardous energy sources, the
type of the energy available in the workplace and the methods and means necessary
for energy isolation and control.
3. Retraining must be provided on lock out / tag out measures in the following cases:
3-1 Whenever there is a change in hob assignments or a change in energy
isolation procedures.
3-2 Whenever a periodic inspection reveals, or whenever the employer has
reason to believe, that there are deviations from or inadequacies in the
employee's knowledge or use of the energy control procedure.
4. Trained or retrained employees'data shall be fully documented such as trainee's name,
date of training, the location and type of devices on which they have be trained and
the trainer's name.

17 .4. Periodic lnspection:

1. Periodic inspection shall be conducted in all operations applying lockout and tag out
systems to ensure safe operational procedures and employees'compliance with all
procedures and requirements.
2. lnspection of energy isolation and control results shall be documented in special records.

17.5. Requirements for Lockout/Tagout Devices:

Lockout and Tag out devices shall have the following conditions:
1. Tags must clearly identify the employee who applies them.
2. Lockout and tag-out devices must withstand the environment to which they are
exposed for the maximum duration of the expected exposure. Tag-out devices must
be constructed and printed so that they do not deteriorate or become illegible,
3. Lockout and tagout devices shall be standardized in color, shape and size. Tagout
devices shall clearly indicate their purpose and shall include a legend such as (Do Not
Operate, Do Not Energize, etc).
4. Lockout and tagout devices shall be sustainable enough to prevent forceful or
accidental removal.

17.6. Energy Isolation and Control Procedures:

The procedures for the application of energy control (Lockout/Tagout Procedures) shall be imple-
mented in the following sequence:

1. Before servicing or installing equipment, different types of energy source on the

equipment and stored energy must be identified, , identify persons to be notified that
the equipment will be shut down for service, and affected employees shall be notified..
2. The person in charge on site shall shut down the equipment using the normal
procedure for shutting down the equipment by pressing the stop button. (Fig. # 6).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

r::i.ia&
aB6d:

Fig.6

3. The person in charge on site shall shut off the power supply, - close gas valves -
close compressed air and steam valves of equipment which will be maintained.
(According to the type of energy). The authorized employee who performs maintenance
is responsible for locking out the energy sources of the equipment by the control devices
(figure 7).

Fig.7

4. Tagout devices shall be attached to energy isolating devices or valves to indicates

that these switches and valves of the equipment have been locked out for maintenance
purposes and that, the operation of equipment is prohibited except by the authorized
employees (figure 8).

Fig.8
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

5. Stored or residual energy accumulated in the pipes such as compressed air, steam,
compressed gases or residual electrical energy in the condensers shall be released
(figure 9).

Fig. 9

6. Test Equipment to Verify that All energy Has Been Released or Controlled by
putting switches to the ON position, and hence return the switch to the OFF
position Fig. (10).

Fig. 10

7. Authorized employees who are responsible for maintenance operations shall start work
on the equipment.
8. Whenever works on equipment will extend beyond one shift, employees of the new
shift shall place their locks on the lockout devices before removing the locks of the
previous shift employees.
9. On-site occupational health and safety responsible employee shall conduct daily
safety inspection tours to ensure the application of the abovementioned steps on
equipment under maintenance and repair.

10. Once maintenance works are completed, person in charge on site, in coordination
with the authorized employee who performs maintenance and repair of the equipment
shall'carry out the following.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

i. Remove all used tools.

ii. Ensure that all safety guards of the equipment are in place.
iii. After ensuring clearance of all personnel from vicinity of the equipment,
remove lockout devices (if they were applied), reconnect electricity by switching
the keys in the electrical panels to <On> position, open gas, air and steam valves
and remove tags.
iv. Operate the equipment by its operating switches in the presence of the person
in charge and the maintenance employee.

17.7. Exception:
ln case energy isolating control devices (lockout and tagout devices) cannot be used for any reason,
the following procedures shall be applied:
' Switching the electrical operating switch of the equipment to <Off> position from
the electrical control panel.
. Closing air, compressed gases and steam valves.
'Attaching tags on the equipment that indicate the energy isolation for maintenance
and repair works.
'Assigning an employee to monitor the electrical control panel and closed valves to prevent
accidental re-operation by any person.
 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

Chemical Materials Hazard and Labling

w
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice
,,,

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lntroduction:
Statistics indicate that 650, 000 chemical materials have been discovered and more hundreds are
being introduced annually, the matter which endangers life and health of employees in case that ap-
propriate safety protective measures are not applied.

Exposure to different chemicals may seriously affect the body organs such as respiratory, heart, liver
and kidneys. To prevent injuries and diseases resulting from exposure to hazardous chemicals, the
provisions of this chapter are to ensure that information about hazards of chemicals produced and
handled in the workplace shall be transmitted to employers and employees to ensure their knowl-
edge of the hazards and protective measures of those chemicals.

The main purpose of this chapter is to assess the hazards of all chemicals used in different work-
places and to communicate to employers and employees the information concerning hazards, ap-
propriate protective measures and safe handling of those chemicals to which they are exposed.

1 8.1. General Requirements:

18.1.1 The contractor shall prepare an inventory list of all available amounts of chemicals used in
the workplace.
18.1.2The contractor shall ensure that all hazardous chemical containers used in the workplace
are labeled and tagged with appropriate warning signs. Labels and tags shall be
conspicuously written in Arabic, English and the most common language in the workplace.
18.1 .3 lf chemical materials are transferred from their labeled primary containers into other
secondary small containers, the contractor shall ensure that similar labels and tags of the
primary containers are affixed to the secondary small containers.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

'18.1.4 The contractor shall ensure that material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical in
the list is obtained. Copies of the MSDS for hazardous chemicals in a given work site are to
be readily accessible to employees in that area to obtain information on hazardous
chemicals in their work area.
18.1 .5 Material safety data sheets shall be updated and available in Arabic, English and the most
common language in the workplace.
18.1.6 All employees handling chemicals in the workplace shall be provided with appropriate and
effective training on the safe handling measures of these chemicals.
'18.1.7 In case subcontractors are working on-site, they shall be informed with the hazards of the
chemicals used in the workplace. lf subcontractors import chemicals which are not listed
in the inventory of hazardous chemicals used in the workplace, the main contractor shall
ensure that the containers of those chemicals are appropriately labeled, tagged or marked
and that each chemical's material safety data sheet is available.(MSDS)

18.2. Chemical Hazard ldentifing Program:

18.2.1The contractor shall develop a chemical hazard communication program which specifies
hazards of the chemicals used in the workplace and inform the employees who are
exposed to those chemicals about their hazards and safe means of handling and storage.
18.2.2 Technical guidelines no. ( 16 ) on chemical hazard communication shall be consulted.
18.2.3 The program shall include the following items (figure 1):
- A list of all hazardous chemicals which are used in the workplace and their
hazards.
- Means to ensure that there is a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)for each
chemical in the list, and to be readily accessible to all employees handling
such chemicals.
- System for ensuring that chemical containers are labeled
- Appropriate training of all employees exposed to hazardous chemicals.

MS*S Laheling
.tl-l,+.tl ,*|,fur*{.I*:
&Lt53J i&l*.J.[
6!.rh.d; J#Ej ip J-ti E ir gL::l
;;,U4"* I,g31r*5li .3!-$*]i *&.

Writtem
Program

$Sej:{ {Ln$rt;.*-$J
r r-r"{
,iai; ri*J'Er*li'

trnventsry

Fig. 1
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

18.2.3.1. A list of All Hazardous Ghemicals:

All hazardous chemicals used in different worksites shall be identified and listed. Chemical material
is considered hazardous if it:
1. Has physical hazards (combustible, flammable, or explosive materials - compressed
gases)
2. lt has health hazards (toxic, irritant, corrosive, and carcinogen materials)
3. Listed as hazardous in the List of Hazardous Materials specified in the Local Order
no 61 of 1991 or it is assigned a Threshold Limit Value (TLV) by the American
Conference of Governmental lndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

18.2.3.2. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS):

The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is the key to Hazard Communication Program. lt shall con-
tain all important information regarding the chemical substance.

The contractor shall ensure that material safety data sheets for all chemicals in the workplace are
available. They shall be provided to all employees who are exposed to hazardous chemicals to en-
able them to know all information on hazardous chemicals they handle.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

lnternational warning labels and tags affixed to hazardous chemical containers shall be used to in-
dicate the most hazardous items. Warning labels and tags are the first step towards identifying the
hazards of the material in the container.

There are different types of labels such as:

1. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Labels.
2. Hazardous Material ldentification System (HMIS) Labels.
3. Right To Know (RTK) Labels.

1. Labels of the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and HMIS, classifying
chemical hazards into four different rating colored categories ranking the hazards of each
chemical. Chemicals are assigned a numerical rating system from 0 to 4. The label also
identifies the proper personal protective equipment that shall be used when handling the
chemical. (NFPAwarning labels are in diamond shape, while HMIS are in rectangular
shape (figure 2). The blue part of the label is reserved for the identification of health
hazards, the red is for flammability hazards, the yellow is for reactivity hazards, and white
is for special hazards in NFPA labels while it is reserved for personal protective
equipment identification in HMIS labels.

The chemical substances are assigned a numerical system from 0 to 4 rating the effects
of these hazards into five degrees as follows:
 code of constructions Safety practic"
*W
1::r,lll,:'ii,i
a,,,,:r].:a:':',,

Hazard Rating Type

Degree (0) No or Minimal hazard
Degree (1) Slight
Degree (2) Moderate
Degree (3) Serious
Degree (4) Extreme

2. HMIS label system has been updated to include an additional box next to Health Hazard
box for (.) indicating a Chronic Hazard. Physical hazard is a new category to replace
and update Reactivity Hazards (figure 3). English letters are used to indicate the
necessary personal protective equipment where each letter is keyed to specific
personal protective equipment (figure 4).

{,'t, t*, Yri*htr*rogthamq

RHAGTIWNTY

HfiUIPh}I#ruT

Fig.2

oJ*$! E$X d36,1 ,,fo}*:pl$* iJi&

Hffiil$ l-ahel Updatea &ddltiq$ai b*x fer

thE' indicrting a
ChrEnic HffErd
d3 lJtrll dail-J
i r[+,] n i aJ j,Si.f *J.]*Jl
;*rin**rdu

Jrlr"llj #.|*Ii iLliq.jl&J d

l4fe &4#*.{*c r***
Hssr q*te$ory te
Wtd-{ yJ&E iLre.l* i.l*ll&l*+* rBple*e **1d
upd&t6
*RB*sttvtty"'

Fig. 3
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

**W
sr&*

ff* *+ **W
ffi* *+!d
ff* ** **M
?"r*=f'L
SffidB f&rl{rr$6rri*irr
$rS, .& t{tr'*Pf,*t$a.

Fig.4

3. Special Hazard in NFPA Labels:

Special hazard identification part is only used in NFPA label system. Special acronyms re
place numbers in other hazards and they indicate the special hazards of the chemical in the
white part of the label as follows (figure 5):

Fke $*aecf- *ad

E - tSff nel.$srr
t - $ffI .lrrrb Sg*fr*a{r*d

Se*rS*iS - Ys{l*rr
l**aIffi tfenrr* - Sr*
* - Sta&& €sd dss€ r:*l
S -,!*s,rig, fFpdm{ft rs*s
? -*s€l$f}. ? - tj$**blg if figstad
3 -#s:a&.8n '::l * - t/sferltr*s$&eaj
.3 - fxknB d6n{ts. rlr*rqr*
{ - S*sdrf , - Slitslr $nd&s*f mF,,
dsrs{rate
{ - &tsf *&&$S*

&drer{l*r6rdr -ff*rts
?{g 6p86ifte irstard 6r6r$e{, uB.af rtr.rt abhrsri.'ffq:s b
,darr$Si wr*.irr chelnr**l atereetreriblias:
SX- Oxid**er
*crtr_"M
tri"fi-A#rsls,E
6€R - 6Enu.im
- ]*ediarsffi€
- Fas*6tf rarlft lrr*ter

Fig.5
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

4. RTK Labels: (Right to know)

RTK is a comprehensive label system which contains information of chemical hazards, nec
essary personal protective equipment, target organ effects, firefighting procedures, neces
sary first aid, spillage control. lt also includes a minimized NFPA label (figure 6).

wt *%l'!p*{|l
&ffix r"w?6r& ?Y&wru ryry&pwm ik
ffi &t{*Jl,l{&4

ru
&qw*
I*di..*rt
ffiffiffiffi
i!&ee r$t:&{ &rrtl ,ii &*
&.q**t!

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ffi@dM
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faf!'t' ir'EtrJ rr fr r xUiVh+ l4'rr+qq{*.ff +{}

iMi@w*&*@ -
::ii@i! *e?,@** $"s*s{&*ff
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is frb .]Uii! lintt
MMMWwffi *s***'| ltl {{,,t&r!$.q} li*
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fttsry I L..s
'** il&J, il[trl. {tri €!'l trl L{6 li* i.E,:
E
r'
LI
fW&lW ;i.l*:,$rnL,J*/l'l;itt ffiffiffi -
Sg!:tH f4l1 ;rtcd EF* F !tt{++:! +'i! $rn6r !-,t i/'
*.iEi{" {it1 #? ,-.rh} {.rEr-.r!. }*p- q}' qi

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{*lsM &.r:* ,a c!s-&s*{

$s{4 }*$ &*44**r* r}*r*r. i*de k&i

;f#\ i:M&tffi,**ffi&
't{rd

Fig.6

5. Some Warning Labels for chemical hazards:

Read Warning Labels
Then Read MSDS (figures 7 & 8)
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

; r+iia;lL LL ilL^ 4+-r#;ll-

EXPLOSIVE TOXIC IRRITANT
MATERIAL MATERIAL

,4J! itl;;rU ; r. ,.(ga i:L i.i;L= ;rL

ENVIRONMENTAL OXIDIZING CORROSIVE
HAZARD MATERIAL MATERIAL

Fig.7

Fig.8
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

18.2.3.3. Employee Trai ning :

Employee training is a key element in a hazard communication program. The training shall include
the following:
. lnformation about different hazardous chemicals.
. Explanation of the hazards of all chemicals in the workplace.
. How to read and interpret information in the MSDS of each chemical.
. Knowledge of the necessary personal protective equipment needed when handling
the chemical and how to immediately recognize them from the warning labels.
. Subcontractors who might be working on-site shall be informed of the hazard
commu nication program.

18.3 Hazard Material Transportation Manual issued by Dubai Municipality

shall be consulted for hazard material transportation purposes.
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

H
tm

CHAPTER 19

CONFINED SPACES

@
 code of constructions Safety practic"
#

ffi

Introduction:
ln many cases, employees in different construction sites are required to perform some necessary
works in confined spaces in the worksite. Work in confined space may expose employees to many
risks such as death or serious injuries.
ln this regard, Dubai Municipality stresses the importance of the application of all necessary safety
procedures before permitting any employee to enter or work in any of these confined spaces.

'l 9.1. General Requirements:

19.1.1. The contractor shall identify all confined spaces in the construction site and prepare a
list of these spaces.
19.1.2. The list of confined spaces shall be updated as new confined spaces are discovered in
the worksite.
19.1.3. Appropriate warning signs shall be posted on all confined spaces in the construction
worksite to warn all employees of the danger of such spaces and that these spaces are
permit-required (figure 1 ).

PHHMIT-HEQUIHTN
*OHFIHE$ $FE*E
AUTHSHIEEB
EruTHANTS
ONLY
Figure (1)
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

19.1.4. All employees who are required to enter and perForm a work inside confined spaces shall
be notified of the hazards of the spaces that may be faced during entry. Necessary
periodic training shall be provided to those employees on safe working procedures while
in confined spaces.
19.1.5. The contractorshall develop a written safety plan of the confined spaces and the safe
working procedures in these spaces. An appropriate safety permit form shall be developed
so as not to permit any personnel to work in confined spaces except after taking all
necessary precautions and obtaining the required permit from the qualified competent
person designated by the contractor.
19.1 .6. No person shall be required or allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pit, pipe, flue or
other confined space in any construction site in which any gas, fume, vapor, dust or
oxygen deficiency atmosphere is likely to be present as to involve risk to persons, unless:
- Certified by competent person based on test carried out by himself that the space
is free from dangerous gas, vapors, fumes, dust or oxygen deficient atmosphere.
- Such person is wearing suitable breathing apparatus and safety belt securely
attached to a rope where its free end is held by another person and anchored
outside the confined space.
- A control system is established incorporating the safety precautions, testing of
atmosphere testing, safety equipment and required supervision for the job.

19.2. Confined Space Entry Procedures:

19.2.1. Before a confined space entry or work begins, potential hazard evaluation shall be
conducted and a work permit shall be issued and signed by a competent person
designated by the contractor to authorize entry.

19.2.2. ldentification of Confined Space Hazards:

Before entry begins, it is crucial that the surrounding atmosphere in the confined space
shall be tested in order as follows:
- Test oxygen concentration and ensure that it is not less than 19.5 % and not
more than 23.5%.
- Test combustible material concentration and ensure that it is less than 10%
and when welding operations shall be performed in the confined space, the
concentration shall be 0%.
- Test toxic gases concentration and ensure it is less than the permissible
exposure limits. Reference shall be made to the technical guideline no. ( 12) to
identify permissible exposure limits of toxic gas concentrations.
- Testing shall be conducted in the bottom, middle and top of the confined space
as some toxic gases are heavier than air thus deposited to the bottom, others are
of the same density of air thus remain in the middle and others are lighter than
air thus accumulate on the top of the tank (figure 2).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig.2

19.2.3. Ventilation of confined spaces:

19.2.3.1. Mechanical ventilation shall provided in a confined space by using proper air blowers.
Those blowers shall be operated by compressed air to permit not less than 20 times
air change of the space per hour Fig. (3).

:rlf- J rE $- - *5rS, 's adj{.

4&15 ,s f tjl& qIJr - {i$f iS ieJ+
Hffective Ventilaiior * Biagon*l *ir{low
lneffeetiv* ventilatian * *h*rt *ire*;tafiS

; r&j {r&rr
3i6E$3il!;*&e

Fig.3

19.2.3.2.1n case of performing any welding operations within a confined space, mechanical
ventilation shall be provided near the welding point. Appropriate PPE and hot work
permit shall be provided to prevent any health hazards resulted from the welding
fumes. (iigure 4).
 CoO" of Constructions Safety Practice
ffi

/*4 L.#
arr** Hor?

tu$r$&ti
$;!.!be dShJ iJFa* ;*+

It*lhrh
le&*ffi.e
r!jhll *rr** C.* rd {}h4,5i.ri *i.{ dt*
l* rxa gi arirlt Berr t l*il!
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Fig.4

19.2.4. Before starting work in a confined space, all its contents shall
Be removed. All electrical and mechanical equipment, power sources, valves and lines
shall be appropriately locked out and tagged. Blind flanges shall also be fixed on lines
to ensure positive isolation and prevent hazardous materials from entering into the confined
space which may cause hazards to employees therein (figure 5).

jfg rC..{ glr,5 1r.&d

qgi4c*.r*
}{ethad afi *Il**h3 **r{rlr*fs/?alrrrrr{t IJrc*
e;*.i.:l *tr{ii 1+rga;J }.{& *jft lpir *9F!-r,,ijF iiJ&

Fig. 5

19.2.5. After verifying that the confined space is safe, well ventilated and the interior atmospheric
conditions are suitable for work, all employees who will perform the job (entrants) shall
be notified of all safe procedures followed, and responsibilities and tasks of each entrant,
equipment and necessary PPE to be used, then entrant will enter to the space to perform
work. Oxygen, toxic gases and flammable material testing instruments shall be kept
working to continuously monitor the atmosphere while entrants are working in the confined
space. These instruments are so designed as to activate an alarm siren when
measurements exceed the permissible exposure limits, in case the alarm is activated the
employees shall be required to evacuate the confined space immediately.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

19.2.6. A trained person (attendant) shall permanently exist in the confined space entrance to
monitor activities of the entrants and to notice any hazards that may appear in the confined
space. Under any circumstance, the attendant is not authorized to enter the confined space
and if any entrant in the confined space is injured, the attendant shall:
19.2.6.1. Perform a non-entry rescues by using the available methods such as lifeline or other
rescue methods such as retrieval methods.
19.2.6.2.1n case performing non-entry rescue is not feasible, immediately he must summon rescue
team which is equipped with respirators, and other rescue devices appropriate to enter a
confined space and rescue the injured person.
19.2.7. A qualified responsible person designated by the contractor as entry supervisor shall
supervise all confined space procedures and activities.
19.2.8. All rescue team members shall be ready on call and equipped with all PPE necessary for
making rescues to any entrant injured or exposed to other hazardous conditions.

19.3. Training:
19.3.1 . The contractor shall instruct all employees in
different construction sites not to enter any
confined space without obtaining the proper entry permit.
19.3.2. All employees who are required to enter confined spaces or act as entry supervisors or
attendants, and rescue members shall be trained to acquire the skills and procedures
necessary for safe performance of their responsibilities while working in the confined space.
19.3.3. All rescue team members in the site shall be instructed in the proper use of PPE necessary
for rescue processes and these PPE shall be tested periodically and regularly.

Confined Space Entry Permit

Company:
Date of permit:
Work shift: First Second Third
Time issued:
Job site/ Space (place and site):
Work to be performed:

Authorized and Trained Employees:

1. Entry Supervisor
2. EntryAttendant:
3. Authorized Entrants:
4. Authorized Entrants:

Contact lnformation in Gase of Emergency:

Emergency Receiver: Telephone No..
Contact Person: Time of Contact:
rx
ffi
coo" of constructions Safety Practice

Pre-Entry Req u irements:

Requirements Yes No Not Requirements Yes No Not
Applicable Applicable
Electrical Hot work permit
de-energizing/
lockout/tag out
Lines (Broken/ Safety Harness,
Capped/ Blanked) Lifeline, Tripod
hoisting
equipment
Purge/FlushiVent PPE
Ventilation (Natural Helmet
/Mechanical)
Secure Area Gloves
Safe Lighting Goggles
Non Spark tools Other PPE
Communication Other PPE
[\Iaa nc

Contractops Other PPE

Work Monitoring Results: Testing

Monitoring at Permissible
least every 4 hours limits for entry Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Time/ Time/ Time/
Signature Signature Signature
Percent of Oxygen 19.5% lo 23.5%
Flammable gas limits Under 10%
Other toxic gases
Other toxic gases
Other toxic gases
Potential Yes No Not
Atmospheric Applicable
Hazards
Oxygen deficiency
Flammable gases
Flammable vapors
Flammable dusts
Toxic gases or vapors
 Non-potential
atmospheric hazards Yes No Not
Applicable
Noise
Chemical contact
Electrical hazards
Exposure to
Mechanical hazards
Temperature extreme
Engulfment hazards
Entrapment hazards
Other non-atmospheric
hazards

Pre-Entry List of !nspection

Do not enter this permit confined space until the following conditions corrected:
Completed Needs Actions
Before entering the permit space the
supervisor or assigned person shall inform
the rescue team. IDLH conditions require at
least one rescue team member
located outside the space.
Two persons at least shall be assigned to work
in the confined space. One employee at least
shall remain standby monitoring outside
the space in all times
The area around the confined space shall be
inspected to ensure that it is free from hazards
such as vapors resulting from
tanks, sewers, and car fumes
Ensure that employees assigned to monitor
gas limits are well trained
Ensure that measurement tests to monitor gases
and practical testing (pure air measurement)
of gas monitoring has been done during this
shift and who performed it?
Continue monitoring the atmospheric conditions
while employees are in the confined
space if this is a part of entry procedures
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

This permit has been concluded for the following reason:

Work completed: Work canceled: Time Remarks.
Supervisor Signature: Time Date
Please return the completed permit form to: Please review the permit and
Keep it in file for a year ...

A samBfe entry
Ssrmit

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Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Chapter 20 - Miscellaneous
Road Works/Site Planning/Site Transport

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practic"
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lntroduction:
This chapter covers all aspects related to safe working near or on the high ways in addition to con-
structing new roads, or re-construct or re-pavement of the existing roads.

Also this chapter covers all the safety measures concerning site planning, and covers vehicles used
on site and safety measures related to them.

20- 1 Road Works:

20-1 -1: General Requirements:
1- All works within the boundary of work site shall require the issuing of a NOC
(Non Objection Certificate)from the concerned party and other parties as may be
required for the execution of the work. All such NOC shall be obtained prior to the
commencement of any work on the site and shall be compared with utilities and services
on site and in case of any differences a new NOC shall be issued from the concerned
parties according to the exact situation on site.
2- Any contractor who undertakes road work shall conform with the Construction Safety
Rules and shall ensure the protection of his employees as well as the public.
3- Road works are considered among dangerous and hazardous works, therefore the
contractor must carry out adequate RiskAssessment and determine the safe work
procedure to protect his employees, users of the road, and the public against these
hazards.
4- All works implemented on roads shall be supervised by a competent person who has
been adequately trained, and this person must be permanently available on site.
5- All workers working at road works projects shall be provided by necessary and adequate
personal protective equ ipment.
6- Where any work will be performed within the links of the road or part of the road, the
contractor must obtain the necessary prior permission from the concerned parties,
and must comply with the procedures and requirements of these parties.
7- All construction workers engaged in highway works shall take all precautions against the
traffic hazards.
8- The provision of a complete system of advanced warning signs on high way works shall
be maintained by the contractor and this system shall be approved by the concerned
party at Dubai Municipality.
9- All areas within site where the work will be performed during night shall be adequately
illuminated and all workers shall wear light reflected suites.
10-Allworkers handling bituminous material or concrete and all other workers on roadwork
sites shall at all times wear protective clothing, safety boots, gloves, safety helmets and
eye protection.
11-All holes, excavations, open manholes, wet concrete, and spoil heaps on road work
sites shall be provided with suitable and adequate barriers (with suitable light flashers)
to protect pedestrians, workers, plant or vehicles from falling over or into such places.
12- Where works within the boundary of working site are considered by the concerned
department staff at Dubai Municipality to constitute a danger or hazard to the public, then
warnings and suspensions may be issued and these shall be strictly adhered to. Failure
to immediately comply with the warnings or suspensions shall result in further actions
being taken by the concerned department staff at Dubai Municipality, which may
include closing down of site.
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

13- lt is not permitted to install bituminous mixing and preparation plants on under construc-
tion sites unless the necessary permissions are issued from the concerned department.

20-1-2 Traffic Control Near Road Works Sites:

1- All vehicles and equipment on site shall be provided with high lights fixed on back of
the vehicle which will work automatically when the truck or vehicle moves backward, also
all vehicles and mobile equipment shall be provided with reverse alarm system to warn
workers during the movement of such vehicles and equipment backward. In addition to
that, the contractor must assign a trained person to guide these heavy equipment during
reverse movements. This person shall be seen all the times by the drivers of
such vehicles.
2-The contractor must assign a Traffic Control Person (TCP) for the protection of other
workers on site against moving cars and for the protection of moving cars against
the hazards of the construction sites.
3- The person who will be responsible of Traffic Control on site shall be medically fit, with
good vision and hearing ability.
4- The contractor shall provide the Traffic Control Persons (TCP) with the necessary
training to enable them to carry their work safely and protect themselves against all the
hazards they might face, also the contractor must train such persons on the proper
signs which they are going to use during their work , and how to request car's drivers to
slow down when approaching road works sites.
5- Traffic control person shall not perform any other work while directing vehicular traffic
near road works sites.
6- Traffic Control Persons (TCP) shall be positioned in safe positions not exposed to
any hazards from the cars moving near the road works site.
7-Traf'fic Control Persons (TCP) shall be provided with the following equipment:
. Suitable Hard Hat
. Suitable Safety Shoes
'AVest covering the upper part of the body, and has an orange colour
fluorescent retro-reflective strips fixed on front and back of the vest.
8- The contractor shall provide a separate routes for pedestrian and separate routes for
vehicles in particular at entry and exit gates.
9- Traffic Control Persons (TCP) shall be provided with the following traffic signs:
. Octagonal Shape Sign, 450 mm wide, and mounted on a pole 1.2 m long.
'These signs shall be made of material which resist all weather conditions.
'These signs shall be painted with High-intensity retro-reflective red on one side
with the word "STOP" printed in high-intensity retro-reflective white and the
length of each letter shall be not less than 150 mm.
' The other side of the sign shall be painted with black colour and a high-intensity
retro-reflective yellow diamond shall be within this side with the word "SLOW"
printed in black colour and the length of each letter shall be not less than
120 mm. (as perfig. # 1).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice
ffi
rc

Fig. 1

10- The maximum speed limit inside the road works site shall not exceed 25 Km/Hour,
and the necessary signs and humps shall be provided on site to slow down the speed
inside the site and near entrance. all the necessary permissions shall be obtained from
the concerned parties before fixing these signs and humps outside the boundary of
the site.

20-1-3Traffic Detour:
1. Contractor must obtain all the necessary approvals from the concerned parties before
carrying out any traffic detour or when using part of the road during carrying out different
activities.
2. Contractor shall take all the necessary measures to ensure the protection of his
employees as well as the public against all the possible hazards during road works or
during traffic detour.
3. The necessary traffic warning signs shall be fixed at an adequate distance from the
road works site to warn ear drivers against the hazard of such road works, the size and
location of those signs shall depend upon the nature of roads and the speed limits in such
roads and shall be according to the requirements of the concerned parties.
Samples of Traffic Signs used inside road works sites:

Fig.2
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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20-1- Locations of Traffic Control Persons (TCP) Inside Sites:

1. Traffic Control Persons (TCP) must be located at safe distance from the work site, and
they must always face the coming traffic.
2.Traffic Control Persons (TCP) must be located at places where they can see and be
seen by the approaching traffic for at least 150 meters (500 feet) from the work site.
3. Traffic Control Persons (TCP) must be located at a distance of 10 - 50 meters from the
work zone, this distance depends on the speed limits and volume of traffic at each
road and according to table # (1) and Fig. # 3 & 4

Table # (1)
Posted Speed 60 Km/Hour or less 70 Km/Hour to 90 Km/Hour
Traffic Volume Low High Low High
Distance of TCP from 10-15m 20-30m 30-40m 40-50m
Work Zone

Fig.3

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Fig.4
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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4. ln case of hills and curves, three Traffic Control Persons (TCP) shall be assigned to
control traffic and each one of them shall be located in the place shown in fig. # 5 & 6
providing that the person located in the middle must be able to see both the other two
persons.

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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20- 2:Site Layout:

lntroduction:
ln order to ensure the ease of work flow process the site layout must be planned and organized
considering the order of carrying out the works and the proper complying with the Safety & Health
Plan.

20-2-1 General Req u irements :

Each contractor shall make a site layout and shall obtain the approval from the consultant engineer
on such site layout, also he shall get a new approval in case of carrying out any change or alteration
to the site layout, which shall incorporate the following:
1. Perimeter fencing shall be installed around the whole site with a minimum height of 2 m
to protect the public from the site hazards. (As per Fig. # 7).

Fig.7

2. Adequate warning of entrances and exits.

-
3. Material storage area mixer location, aggregate and cement storage.
4. Material off-loading area.
5. Positions of hoist equipment and cranes.
6. Offices, workshops, connection to the services.
7. Electrical incoming, and connections inside the site.
8. Temporary structures, scaffolds, light towers, etc.
9. Rubbish dump areas and rubbish clearance areas, facilities.
10. Storage, transport and use of flammable materials.
11 . Access roads and plant movement areas.
12. Car parking areas.
13. Assembly points in case of emergency.
 code of constructions safety practic"
ffiX

14. Locations of fire fighting equipment.

15. Locations of First Aid Stations.
16. Project information Main Sign.
17. Warning signs.
18. Any other information requested by the concerned Department.

20 -3 Site Transport:
lntroduction:
Transport accidents continue to contribute to occurrence of many serious personal injuries, this part
explains the rules and regulations related to the safe use of vehicles at works sites.

20-3-1: General Requirements:

1. Each contractor shall ensure that person authorized to drive a vehicles in construction
site holds a valid driving licence issued from UAE according to the type of vehicle.
The contractor must not permit any person to drive or operate such vehicles unless he
holds the proper licence.
2. The driver shall be instructed on the potential hazards such as overhead lines,
structures, excavations, steeply sloping ground, movement of people, overloading,
speed, cranes, and other plant in operation.
3. The maximum speed limit inside the construction site shall not exceed 20 Km/Hour, the
contractor shall ensure that all drivers are complying with this speed limit and the
necessary traffic signs indicating the speed limits shall be provided on site.
4. The contractor shall ensure that all vehicles on site are equipped with reverse alarm and
flasher light which will work when any vehicle moves backward.
5. At the commencement of each day/shift the driver shall carry out a thoroughly check to
his vehicle to ensure that it is in good a safe condition before operating and driving it.
6. The contractor shall provide all vehicle drivers and operators with the necessary training
to ensure the safe use of such vehicles.
7. Vehicles must not be manoeuvred too close to excavation sites (Reference is made to
section # 9 - Excavation and Trenching Safety Regulations) and guidline No. 39
8. lt is highly recommended to have the entrance to the site from one direction and the exit
from other direction, so that all vehicles on site to be directed toward the exit to facilitate
the evacuation of the site during emergency cases.
9. Security personnel shall inspect all vehicles before entering the site to ensure that tires
are in good working conditions to avoid any accidents and stoppage of work.
10. The drivershall not leave his vehicle unattended with the engine is running.
Construlllons Safety Practice

', ffi

CHAPTER TWENTY ONE

SLINGS & RIGGING EQUIPMENT

@
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

lntroduction:
The operation of lifting materials and equipment is considered on of the essential operations at differ-
ent construction site, also it is a very dangerous operation which might lead to serious accidents.
Therefore and in order to avoid such serious accidents it is necessary to select the right and suitable
type of slings and make sure it is safe and inspected and well maintained.

21- 1 General Requirements:

1. No chain, rope or lifting gear shall be used in raising or lowering or as a means of
suspension unless.
a) lt is of good construction, sound material, adequate strength, suitable quality
and free from patent defects.
b) lt has been tested by a competent person of a third party company approved
by Dubai Municipality every six months and obtain a certificate from this
company (signed by the competent person) specifying the safe working load
(SWL). All the testing records shall be kept in site to be presented to the
municipality's inspectors upon request.
2. Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to se on each shift and
as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be
removed from service.
3. AII wire ropes and ropes used in lifting operations shall be of adequate length. No less
than two full wraps shall be remained on drum with boom point at ground level
(See fig. # 1).

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Fig.1
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

4. All wire ropes, chains and their attachments when not in use shall be stored on racks at
clean, dry and well ventilated places, and by hanging them vertically; each sling will
be classified in the store according to its safe working load (SWL).
5. Rigging and lifting equipment shall be clearly marked with its safe working load and
identification number. Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its safe
working load recommended by the manufacturer or according to the test certificate.
6. ln case using a sling of multi sling legs, the safe working loads at different angles of the
leg shall not be exceeded.
7. The upper ends of sling legs shall be connected by means of a shackle ring or link of
adequate strength. (See fig. # 2).

f,h*ln

Fig.2

8. Rigging equipment, when not in use, should be removed from the immediate work area
so as not to present a hazard to employees.
9. Slings shall not be shortened with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.
10. Every sling used for raising or lowering on lifting appliance shall be securely attached
to the appliance, and the method of attachment shall not be a method likely to result in
damage to any part of the sling or to any lifting gear supporting it so as to present a
hazard to employees.
11 . Hands and fingers shall not be placed between the ling and its load while the sling is
being tightened around the load.
12. All lifting gears, chains, ropes and appliances except a fiber rope or fiber rope
sling (Which shall be destroyed), which have been lengthened, altered, or repaired by
welding or otherwise shall, before being used again, be adequately re-tested and
re-examined by a competent person of a company approved by Dubai Municipality and
a testing certificate signed by this person shall be obtained.
13. Shock loading is prohibited.
14. A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.
 code of constructions safety practic"
ffim

21- 2 Alloy Steel Ghain Slings:

1. Alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed identification stating size,
grade, rated capacity and sling manufacturer. (See fig #3)

Fig.3

2. Hooks, rings, welded or mechanical coupling links and other attachments when used
with alloy steel chains shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of chain.
When using more than one leg (multi sling legs) this equipment shall have a rated
capacity at least equal to that of chain at that position.
3. Only original components of shackles shall be used to avoid the occurrence of
accidents. (See fig. # 4).

Fig.4

4. Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds 10 per cent reduction in
diameter the chain shall be removed from service immediately.

21 -3 Wire Rope Slings:

1. The safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for various sizes and classes
of wire ropes shall not be exceeded.
2. Wire ropes shall not be secured by knots.
3. When using U-shape clips to form eyes, the u-bolt of all wire rope clips must be applied
on dead end of the rope, also rope thimbles of proper sizes shall be fitted in the eye to
protect it from friction Fig.(5).
4. The recommended number of clips and spaces of wire clips, as well as the
tightening torque is illustrated in table # 1. The first clip shall be fixed as close to
the thim.ble as possible.
tw
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Fig.5

Table # (1)
Rope Diameter (mm) Number of Clips Min. Spacing mm Tightening Torque
Newton / Meter
5mm 3 30 mm 2
6.5 mm 3 39 mm 3.5
8mm 4 48 mm 6
10 mm 4 60 mm 9
13 mm 4 78 mm 33
16 mm 4 96 mm 49
19 mm 4 114 mm 6B
22 mm 5 132 mm 107
26 mm 5 156 mm 147
30 mm 6 '180 mm 212
34 mm 6 204 mm 296
40 mm 6 240 mm 363

5. Wire ropes shall be lubricated with suitable lubricants recommended by the manufacturer
and free of acids and alkalis.
6. All wire ropes must be inspected before being used. Any rope showing excessive wear,
corrosion, rust or any defect shall be taken out of service.
7. Wire ropes used for rigging operations shall have a safety factor of
Five times its safe working load.
8. Each wire rope used in hoisting or, lowering or in pulling loads shall consist of one
continuous piece without knot or splice. (See fig. # 6).
 code of constructions Safety practic"
ffire

9. Wire rope shall not be used and shall be immediately removed from service if any of
the following conditions are present:
9-1 The total number of visible broken wires is 3 in any strand or 6 in any lay.
(See fig. # 7).
9-2 Kinking (See fig. # 8).
9-3 Bird Caging (See fig. # 9).
9-4 Wear equal to 10 % of the original outside diameter of the wire. (See fig. # 10).

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Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

21 -4 Natural Rope and Synthetic Fiber:

1. All splices in rope slings shall be made in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendation.
2. Spliced fiber rope slings shall not be used unless they have been spliced as per the
manufacturer's recommendation.
3. Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.
4. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any
of the following conditions are present:
4-1 Abnormalwear.
4-2 Powdered fiber between strands.
4-3 Broken or cut fibers.
4-4 Variations in the size or roundness of strands.
4-5 Discoloration or rotting.
4-6 Distortion of hardware in the sling.
5. Synthetic Webbing (Nylon, Polyester and Poly Propylene).
5-1 Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage
edges shall not be split from the webbing width.

5- 2 Fittings Shall be:

5-2-1 of minimum breaking strength equal to that of the sling; and
5-2-2 Free of all sharp edges that could in way damage the webbing.

5 -3 attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes:

Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to
form eyes. The thread shall be in an eyes pattern and contain a sufficient number of
stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling Fig. (11)

Fig. 11

5- 4 Environmental Conditions:
When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:
5-4-1 Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or
liquid of acids or phenolics are present.
5-4-2 Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes,
. vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

:::rai:li:lr.il

5-5 Removal from Service:

Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the
following conditions are present:

5-5-1 Acid or caustic burns

5-5-2 Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface (See fig. # 12).

!l|. ._.. -.j.:ityE

5-5-3 Snags, punctures, tears or cuts. (See fig. # 13).

Fig. 13

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 code of constructions safety practic"
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5-5-4 Broken or worn stitches.
5-5-5 Distortion of fittings.

21- 5 Slings Gonfiguration: (See fig. # 1a)

Single Leg Sling: normally used on loads with single point of attachment with the sling in a
vertical plane.
Two Legs Sling: Used when two lifting points are required. The angle between the legs of the
sling should not exceed 90 degree. (The best angle is 60 degree, and then the
45 degree angle.
Three Legs & four legs Slings are used when 3 or 4 lifting points are attached with the load.

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Fig.14

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

All employees working in rigging operations shall be aware of the safe working loads and the differ-
ent angles between the sling's legs and the load.

21- G Slings Selection:

'1.The load to be lifted shall be determined, this can be determined by the manufacturer,
supplier, shipping tickets, or by calculations. Where weight of loads can not be
determined, they must be estimated by a person of experience in such matters. The
sizes, diameters of slings suitable to the load weight according to this load.
2. The size and shape of the load must be considered together with any lifting points
which may be available. An assessment of the center of gravity of the load must also be
made to ensure the load is balanced during raising.
3. Some loads may have to be placed at a certain angle. lt is necessary to ensure that the
crane hook is placed above the center of gravity of the load to ensure the load shall
not swing.
4. When using a sling of multi legs, the angle between the sling legs and the load shall not
be less than 45 degree.

21- T Attachments:
Pulley Blocks (See fig. # 15):
X}Iei*}*s

t€&ijl
Hook

'1. Pulley blocksshall be made of anti-impact metal.

2. Sheaves shall be made of suitable metal and shall be compatible with the size and
diameter of the rope used.
3. Pulley blocks must be greased, lubricated and maintained frequently.
4. Pulleys shall be designed so that the rope will not be stuck between the grooves and
sides of the pulleys.
5. The grooves must be free from surface defect which could cause rope damage.
6. The load line shall be matched properly with the sheaves groove size to avoid the rope
to be jumping of a sheave.

Hooks:
Every hook used for raising or lowering or as a means of suspension shall be:
1. Provided with a safety latch to prevent the displacement of the sling or the load from
 code of constructions safety practic" *X
ffi

the hook. (See fig. # 15).

2. Hooks used in lifting operations shall be made of steel formed or equivalent.
3. Provided with a tag line controlled manually with adequate length to allow workers
working in rigging operations to keep away in such cases which require that.

Shackles:
1 . Shackles shall be 1 .5 times as strong as the strength of the ropes attached to it.

2. Shackles used for suspended loads, shall be provided with threaded pins to tightly
connect it or with any other suitable and adequate method.

Hosks Shackles Eye Bolts Hoist Rings

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GHAPTER TWENTY TWO

CRANES

@
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Tower Crane Mobile Crane

lntroduction:
Cranes with different types and sizes are used extensively on construction sites, almost on daily
basis due o their role on facilitating handling and lifting material and equipment. The use of different
types of cranes involves a specific risk to the health and safety of employees and to other equipment
on site.

Many types of cranes are used on construction sites such as: tower cranes, mobile cranes and per-
sonal & material hoists.
This section of the safety manual stresses on the necessity of training all employees associated
with these operations on the proper and safe use of these equipment to protect themselves, other
employees and other equipment on site from these risks.

21 -1 General Requirements:
1. Before any lift is carried out, a risk assessment is required to be undertaken for major
and special lifting operations for each type of cranes separately, and all the adequate
precautionary measures shall be taken accordingly.
2. All lifting appliances or machines and every part thereof including all working gear and all
other plant or equipment used for anchoring or fixing such appliances or machines shall
be of good mechanical construction, sound material, adequate strength and free from
patent defect, and shall be properly and adequately maintained.
3. Every part of the framework of cranes and all its components shall be made of metal.
4. All crane's attachments of lifting appliances and machine shall be of good construction
and adequate strength.
5. Loads shall be attached to the crane by using a safe and adequate method (Refer to
section #21 of this manual).
6. Every drum or pulley round which the chain or wire rope of any lifting appliance is carried
shall be of suitable diameter and construction for the chain or rope used. At least two full
wraps shall remain on the drum when the boom point at ground level.
7. All crane operators shall be qualified and have adequate knowledge and experience
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

about their job and with all aspects of safe crane operation, and they have been properly
trained in this regard and have been approved by the concerned department -
Dubai Municipality.
8. When more than one employee is involved in the rigging operation, only one person shall
be appointed to give the proper signals to the crane operator, and this person has
been thoroughly trained to do this job and has been approved by the concerned
department - Dubai Municipality. (See fig. # 1).

Fig.1

9. All cranes must be fitted with brakes capable of holding and controlling the
maximum load.
10. All moving parts in cranes (Belts, gears and pulleys) must be guarded from
employee contact.
11 . Each crane on site shall be thoroughly examined every 12 months by a competent
person of a third party company approved by Dubai Municipality and testing certificate
shall be obtained from this company. Each crane on site shall be re-tested and
thoroughly examined following any repairs or alterations or any weather conditions
which may affect the strength or stability of the crane.

12. Every crane shall have the following documents in the cab:
12-1 A copy of the operating manual developed by the manufacturer.
12-2 A copy of the load-rating chart for the crane, which shall include the
crane make and model, the year of manufacturing, and serial number, and load
ratings for all crane operating configurations.
12-3 Crane operating speeds.
12-4 Operating limits in windy or cold weather conditions.
13. Maintenance including preventive maintenance and repairs shall be conducted in
accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and shall be recorded in special
logs and keep it on site upon request by the concerned department - Dubai
Municipality. These records shall be maintained for at least two years.
14. Accessible areas within the swing radius of the Crane swing radius area shall be
barricaded, to prevent an employee from being struck or crushed by the crane. Also
no equipment shall be allowed in this barricaded area. (See fig. # 2).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

.::l::llrap:l

Fig.2

15. lt is strictly prohibited to use any crane exceeded 25 years of service unless a safety
and quality certificate is issued from the manufacturing company & Non Destructive
Test for all structure.
16. An unobstructed passageway not less than 600 mm wide shall be maintained
between moving and rotating structures of the crane and any guard-rails, fencing or
other nearby fixture to protect the rigger from being injured. Provided that if at any time
it is impracticable to maintain such a passageway at any or point, all reasonable steps
shall be taken to prevent the access of any person to such place or point at
such time Fig. (3).
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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17. When working near excavation works (trenches) a safe distance of one and half the
depth of the trench shall be maintained between the crane and the edge of the trench
to make sure that lateral pressure shall not occur on the trench walls, The cranes shall
be placed on stable soil. (See tig. # 4).

Fig.4

18. Control handles, levers, switches shall be designed so that they cannot be operated
accidentally and shall be marked to show what they are for and how they should be
operated.
19. All cranes shall be provided with an automatic safe load indicatorwith a visualwarning
to the crane operator and an audible warning to those in the vicinity.
20. A crane must have a stable and level base. lf the ground is soft or not level, all the
precautionary measured shall be taken to ensure the stability of the crane, and that,
may be achieved by using adequate timber mats under each out rigger of the crane
according to the type of soil. (See fig. # 5).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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21 . All cranes must stay clear of the power lines by at least 3 m ('10 feet) (See fig. # 6).

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Fig.6

22.When tower crane is used, the foundation where the crane will be fixed shall be
designed so that it can support the maximum determined height and load, this design
shall be approved by the consultant engineer before executing this foundation and
before fixing the crane structure on it.
23. When handling long or large loads, a tag line shall be used to direct the load into
position and prevent it spinning Fig. (7).
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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Fig.7

24. No crane which has any timber structural member shall be used.
25. When two cranes are used to lift one load at the same time, each crane shall work
within its safe working load and remain stable throughout the lifting operation. One
designated trained competent person shall be responsible for the operation, and all
communication and signaling systems to both operators shall be performed by one
person.
26. All tower cranes more than 30 meters high and mobile cranes with boom length
more than 30 meters high shall be provided with warning lights to warn aircrafts and in
particular helicopters in accordance with the regulation of Dubai CivilAviation Authority.
27. No employee shall be allowed to stand under any suspended load, not even to pass
under that load Fig. (8).

&F,
T

Fig.8
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

28. The hoisting mechanism of a crane shall not be used for any purpose other than raising
or lowe.ring a load vertically.
29. Crane boom or jibs shall not be worked at a radius greater than specified on the test
certificate.
30. Test certificates for cranes shall include a special item concerning the crane foundation,
specifying that it has been erected according to the recommendation of the
manufacturing company, and shall be approved by the consultant at the worksite, a
proper written declaration about that shall be issued by the contractor and the
consultant.
31. Cranes shall be erected on site by specialized company has commercial permission
issued from Dubai Emirate permitting them to erect cranes.
32. The contractor shall comply with the recommendations of the manufacturing
company regarding crane erection method.
33. Contractor shall take all precautionary measures to protect his employees, properties,
adjacent buildings and utilities during the erection or increasing the height or
dismantling of cranes.
34. Contractor shall provide Llghting Protection System for all type of cranes used at site
and ensure the maintenance of the same

22 -2 Crane Signals:
1. Only qualified, trained and licensed persons shall operate cranes. Training on crane
operations shall not be permitted during working hours and training shall be carried
out under the supervision of a qualified competent person, providing that such training
shall not affect safety of employees, adjacent buildings, and properties and shall not
be affected by ongoing activities.
2. An assistant (signalperson) shall be appointed to give the necessary signals to the
crane operator, this person shall be trained and licensed to do so.
3. Signals may be given by hand (hand signals) or by using wireless radio devices (two
way radio).
4. When wireless devices are used, the contractor shall ensure that these devices are
in good working condition and the work shall stop in case any malfunction occurs to
these devices.
5. When wireless devices are used, the contractor shall ensure that both the operator and
the signal person understand each other.
6. When normal means of communication (hand signals and wireless devices) is not
feasible, a closed controltelevision cameras may be used, and all the necessary
precautions shall be taken to keep them in good order and shall be safeguarded
against accidental operations.
7. Every signal given for the movement or stopping of a lifting appliance shall be clear
and distinct and such that the person to whom it is given is able to hear or see it easily.
8. Signals shown in fig. # 9 is a guidance only and any other alternative means of
signaling may be used by workers on construction sites providing that it will fulfill the
same purpose, and ensuring that the crane operator and the signal person understand
the purpose of this alternative method.
tffi ffi
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Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig.9

22- 3 Crane Operators and their Assistants:

22-3-'l Crane Operators :
Crane operators shall meet the following requirements:
1. Must be at least 18 years of age.
2. Possess a valid UAE driving license for cranes according to the recommendations of
the Authority Concerned.
3. Be medically fit for the purpose, with particular emphasis on eyesight, hearing and
speaking.
4. Be trained and physically capable of operating the crane controls.
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

5. Adequately trained in hand signaling system.

6. Holds a qualifying and training certificate issued by recognized organization approved
by Dubai municipality.

22-3 -2C ra n e O pe rato r Ass i sta n t (S i g n a e r/S I i n g e r) :

I

Crane Operator Assistant (Sig naler/SIinger) shall meet the following requ rements:
i

1 . Must be at least 18 years of age.

2. Be medically fit for the purpose, with particular emphasis on eyesight, hearing and
speaking.
3. Has an aptitude for judging distances and heights.
4. Be capable of selecting lifting gear slings suitable for the loads to be lifted.
5. Be capable of directing the safe movement of the crane and its load to maintain the
safety of all personnel.
6. Be thoroughly trained in a hand-signaling system and be capable where necessary, of
giving clear and distinct instructions over radio or similar signaling systems.
7. Holds a qualifying and training certificate issued by recognized organization approved
by Dubai municipality.
8. Be capable of determining the safe areas for storage and avoiding storage in
unstable locations.

22 -4 Tower Cranes:

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22-4-l Tower Cranes on Fixed Base:

1. When any tower crane is selected for use on the construction sites, the following
items shall be taken into consideration:
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

1-1 Suitable location with the minimum hazards.

1-2 Other cranes nearby (avoiding collision with other tower cranes on site).
1-3 The presence of overhead power lines.
1-4 Proximity of other structures, buildings, public access areas like highways,
streets, etc.
1-5 Away from excavation sites.
1-6 Adverse weather conditions.
2. Regarding the base of the crane, the following conditions shall be met:
2-1 Dimensions and reinforcement of the base shall be in accordance with the
specifications of the manufacturing company.
2-2The contractor shall carry out all the necessary soil tests to ensure that it is
capable of supporting all the loads resulting from the base, the crane
components, and the maximum loads of the crane, also all the environment
effect and obtains the approval of the consultant engineer on that.
2-3 The erection of the base of the crane shall be carried out according to the
drawings approved by the consultant engineer and under his supervision. All
of that shall be recorded and documented and shall be kept on site for
inspection purposes by the specialized department at Dubai Municipality.
3. Tower cranes with height exceeding 30 meters shall be provided with warning lights to
warn low flying aircrafts/Helicopters. A white color warning light shall be fitted at the
highest point of the crane and another white color lights shall be fitted on the crane jib
one at each end of the jib and then every 4 meters along the jib length.
4. Tower crane shall not be used as part of any scaffold or support for any access, storage
or transfer feature or as a means of access by employees.
5. Tower cranes on sites shall be provided with lightening protection systems.
6. Tower cranes cabin for operator shall have its windows free of broken or cracked glass
or any other means of obstructions for clear vision. Window glass shall be of Shutter -
proof type and shall be kept clean. (Fig. # 10).

Fig.10
 Code of Constructions Safety Practic"
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7. When the height of tower cranes exceed the free standing heights determined by the
manufacturing company, the crane shall be fixed and anchored to nearby solid structures
or buildings in accordance with the regulations of the manufacturing company. At any
time the height of the tower crane is adjusted a new safety certificate must be issued
from a company approved and accredit by Dubai Municipality. (Fig. # 11).

Fig.11

8. The safe working load (SWL) shall be marked at various radii and an indicator shall be
fitted which shows the safe working load at each ope"sting radius.
9. A safe means of access to the crane cabin shall be provided by using a permanent
steel ladder fitted with proper cage for fall protection with rest platform fitted with proper
guard rails shall be provided at every 9 meters vertical intervals.
10. Jib inspection may be afforded by the provision of an expanding metal walkway inside
the jib with life lines fitted to permit the fixing of safety harnesses during the
inspection operations.
11 . Each crane on site shall be re-tested and thoroughly examined following any repairs
or major alterations or any weather conditions which may affect the strength or stability
of the crane, and a new safety certificate must be issued.
12. No employee is permitted to pass or stand under hoisted and suspended loads
during rigging operations.
13. Gears of the slewing ring shall be protected and fitted in such a way to prevent the
Interference of other element like wire ropes and hoisting ropes and the likes with
these gears.
14. The correct amount of ballast and counter-weight must be properly fitted to the
crane base as per the specification of the manufacturer during and after completion
of fitting.
15. Operating instructions issued by the manufacturer shall be posted inside the crane
cabin or on the crane structure for easily seen and viewed.
16. When ihe tower crane is not in use, the brake shall be activated to prevent the
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

movement of the crane jib by the effect of wind or any other means. Once a building
or structure is completed, a tower crane has to be dismantled, this factor should
always be taken into account when deciding the initial positio n.

22-4-2Tower Cranes Mounted on Rail Track:

1. ln addition to what is specified in item # 2 regarding the base of the tower crane, the
contractor shall ensure providing the following requirements and conditions related
to cranes mounted on a rail track:
1-1 The rails shall be adequately supported on a surface sufficiently firm to
prevent undue movement or displacement of the rails.
1-2 be laid in straight lines or in radii curves suitable for the free movement of
the crane.
1-3 be provided with adequate stops or buffers at each end of the track.
2.The cranes shall be provided with effective brakes on traveling motion.
3. Rail mounted tower cranes should be fitted with an audible and visible travel alarm to
warn workers on site.
4. Every travelling crane on rails shall be provided with guards to remove from the rails
any loose material likely to cause danger.

22-4-3 Tower Cranes Supported by the building structure

ln this case the loads of the crane will be transfered to different slab levels through the
structure of the building wich required to be sufficient and strong enough to transfere
that load
1- The crane should be connected to 3 slabs at least.
2-The slabs will considers ready only after reaching its 28 days strengthing.
3- For any exceptions from above mentioned notices, the contractor will get the
written approval of the engineer.
4-'for post tension slabs, the cranes will connected to those slab complete
28 days strengthing and after getting the engineer written aaproval.
5- The contractor will meet the manufacturars recomentations for errictions,
inspections and maintenance procedures.
6- For other requirements refer to this chapter 22 of the code.

22- 5 Mobile Cranes:

1. The safe working loads shall be clearly marked on each crane and other lifting
appliances.
2. No load greater than safe working load shall be lifted by the crane except for the
purpose of testing.
3. Derricking cranes shall be marked with the maximum operating radius of the jib.
4. AII mobile cranes shall be provided with boom angle indicator and boom length indicator.
5. All mobile cranes shall be provided with proper limit switch (Anti-Two Block Switch)to
prevent any contact between the hoisting block and the tip of the boom by automatically
stop the lifting operation at an adequate distance (1 m) between the hoist block and
the boom tip. (Fig. # 12).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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Fig.12

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

6. The contractor shall ensure that any mobile crane enters the site has a valid safety
certificate before permitting to enter. All the details of the crane and the operator shall
be recorded and kept on site.

22- G Personal & Material (Construction) Hoists:

22-6-1 Personal Hoists :
1. Personal hoists shall be thoroughly examined after erection and before being put
in to service by a competent person working with a third party company approved and
accredit by Dubai Municipality to ensure that they have been properly erected on fixed
and suitable foundation and safe to operate and a safety certificate shall be issued by
this company.
2. Passenger hoists shall be inspected every six months by a competent person working
with a third party company approved and accredit by Dubai Municipality, and a safety
certificate shall be issued from this company. A copy of the safety certificate shall be
posted inside the cabinet.
3. Each personal hoist on site shall be retested and thoroughly examined following any
repairs or major alterations or any weather conditions which may affect the strength or
stability of the hoist, and a new safety certificate must be issued. The personal Hoist
shall not be used unless the new safety certificate is issued.
4. Personal hoists shall be operated by qualified competent persons.
5. The contractor shall ensure that all the requirements and instructions of the manufacturer
have been followed in regard to tying to the building, and operation and maintenance
measures.
6. Gates shall be fitted in the enclosure at all landing places and shall normally be at least 2
meter high, covered with proper mesh for clear viewing and these gates shall be
opened only by the hoist operator from outside.
7. Awarning notice should be posted on the hoist gates requesting that these gates to
remain closed. No persons shall be carried by the hoist unless it is provided with a
cage with the following conditions:
7-1 Constructed with cage gate with interlocking arrangements to prevent the
occupants falling out or from being trapped between any part of the cage and
the fixed structure or moving part, the ceiling of the cage shall be constructed
from materials prevent being struck by articles or materials falling down the
hoist way.
7-2 Every hoist enclosure shall be fitted with interlocking gates at landing places.
7-3 Every hoist used for carrying persons shall be provided with an over-run
device (limit switch) at the bottom and top of the hoist way, which
automatically stops the hoist if it exceeds the pre-determined travel limits.
8. Gage gates shall be provided with electrical or mechanical locking devices, so that
the gates cannot be opened except when the cage is at the landing stage, and so that
the hoist cannot be operated unless that gate is closed and the lock is in the shut
position.
9. Hoists must be fitted with a emergency brake to stop the fully loaded platform or cage
in the event of failure of the hoist rope or driving gear. The hoist must be stopped
completely within a fall distance not exceeding 3 meter or according to the
manufacturer recommendations.
10. Hoists shall only be operated from one position from inside the cage, if for any reason
the cage stops between landing stages, it should be isolated electrically from outside
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

to prevent any possibility of furthefmovement and remove trapped persons from the
cage safely
11 . All hoists shall be provided with stoppers from top and bottom to prevent the cage
from exceeding the pre-set top position or the pre-set bottom position by more than
100 - 200 mm.
12. Adequate illumination shall be provided inside the cage, outside the cage and at all
entrances and exits at all levels.
13. An adequate space shall be maintained from the upper side of the cage when at
its highest position to provide a free travel path if the cage over-runs the upper
landing level, also an adequate space shall be maintained from the underside of the
cage for the same purpose.
14. Overhead protective covering shall be provided above the overhead work of all hoists
to prevent objects falling down the shaft way.
15. Proper shock absorber (springs) shall be erected at the bottom of the hoist shaft to
absorb any sudden move in case the hoist fell down.
16. Personal hoists shall not be used to carry materials.
17.ln case the personal hoist is used to carry materials the following conditions shall
be met:
17-1 No passengers shall be allowed to ride the cage with the material except
the operator.
17-2 Hazardous or Flammable materials shall not be allowed in the presence of
the operator, in this case these materials shall be carried by the material hoist.
17-3 Not to exceed the safe working load of the hoist.
17-4 The loads shall be distributed uniformly and materials shall not be stacked to
the extend that it will collapse.
18. The speed limit of the hoist of single speed shall not exceed 0.5 m/second in the
under construction buildings. Hoists with two speeds the lower speed shall not exceed
0.25 m/second, in case it is needed to increase the speed more than these limits,
special approval must be obtained from the specialized department.
19. Hoist main control panel shall be protected against dust, water and tampering by
any person.
20. Hoist shall be operated manually when descending and ascending.
21. Hoist cage shall be provided with a fire extinguisher to be fixed near the door.
22.When selecting the location of the hoist, if possible, it shall be located away from
the garbage chutes areas also away from the location of tower cranes and any other
circumstances that may present hazards to the hoist users.
23. The control panel shall be electrically isolated in such a way to prevent the occurrence
of any electrical faults or short circuits in the cage or the hoist structure.
24. Personal hoists shall be inspected regularly to ensure that all safety devices available
are in good working condition.
25. Hoists shall be erected at easy reached places, the entrance and exits shall be free of
any obstruction. A temporary barricade shall be provided at the lowest level of the
hoist for the safety of employees on site.
26. Signs of conspicuous and easily read style (in Arabic, English and the most
common language on site) giving instructions for the use of the hoist shall be posted
at well known location to all employees.
27. Personal hoist cages shall be provided with proper means of communication to be
used in case of emergency or in case the hoist stops for any reason.
28. The hbist shall not reverse its direction unless completely stopped.
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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 Code of Constructions SafetV Practfc" -
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22-6-2Material Hoists :
ln addition to all the previous regulations concerning the personal hoists, the following regulations
shall be followed:
1. lt is strictly prohibited to use material hoists to carry persons.
2. The entrance of the hoist at the lowest level shall be barricaded.
3. Rated load capacities of the hoist recommended by the manufacturer shall not be
exceeded, and the lifting engines must be of adequate strength to be able to lift
these loads.
4. When loaded with materials, these materials shall be distributed in a uniform manner
on the platform and stacked in such a way to prevent its collapse.
5. The hoist shall be provided with proper over-run devices from top and bottom.
6. Hoists shall be provided with suitable emergency brakes to stop it in case of emergency.
7. Signs including the statement "No Riders Allowed" shall be posted at each material
hoist entrance.

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 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

22- 7 Personal Platform:

22-7 -1 General Requ i rements :

Due to the great hazards associated with the use of crane - suspended work platforms, the following
conditions must be followed:

A- Crane Conditions:
1. The crane shall be fixed on a firm footing ground.
2. Uniformly level within 1 % .
3. Crane brakes is engaged and all other safety devices shall be used to ensure that
the crane shall not move during the lifting operation.
4. The total weight of the loaded personnel platform and related rigging shall not exceed
50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the crane.
5. The crane operator shall remain at the controls at all times when the crane engine is
running and the platform is occupied.

B- Crane Components:
1. Cranes shall be equipped with boom angle indicator, readily visible to the operator.
2. Cranes shall be equipped with a device to indicate clearly to the operator, at all times,
the boom's extended length or an accurate determination of the load radius to be
used during the lift shall be made prior to hoisting personnel.
3. A positive acting device shall be used which prevents contact between the load block
or overhaul ball and the boom tip (anti-two-blocking device).
C- Personnel Platforms:
Each personnel platform and suspension system shall be designed by qualified engineer or a quali-
fied person competent in structural design taking into consideration the following points:
1. The personnel platform itself, shall be capable of supporting, without failure its own
weight and at least five times the maximum intended load.
2. Each personnel platform shall be equipped with a standard guardrail system and
shall be enclosed at least from the toe-board to mid-rail with either solid construction or
expanded metal having openings no greater than 13 mm (%inch) to prevent falling of
tools and material from the platform.
3. A hand grab rail shall be installed inside the entire perimeter of the personnel platform.
4. The personnel platform shall be conspicuously posted with a plate or other
permanent marking which indicates the weight of the platform, and its rated load
capacity or maximum intended load.
5. Access gate shall be installed, and shall not swing outward during hoisting, and shall
be equipped with a restraining device to prevent accidental opening.

D- lnspection and Testing:

Personal platform shall be inspected before employees use it as follows:
1. The personal platform is lifted from the ground or to the same level where employees
will enter to the platform and move the platform to all places the platform is expected
to reach.
2. All control and safety devices at the crane and the platform shall be inspected to
ensure that they are working properly.
3. The crane lifting the personal platform will be down graded to 50 percent of its actual
capacity to ensure safe lifting operation.
4. All wire ropes shall be inspected to ensure that they are free of any damage or defects
and they are wrapped in their correct place around the drum.
5. Visual inspection to the crane and the platform shall be carried out by a competent
person.
6. The platform and rigging shall be proof tested to 125 percent of the platform's rated
capacity in the following cases:
6-1 When the platform is used for the first time.
6-2 After carrying out any repairs or modifications.
6-3 Before use it to lift personnel.

The test is carried out by loading the platform uniformly by 125 % of its capacity and raise it about
one meter from the ground and holding it in a suspension position for 5 minutes with the test load
evenly distributed on the platform. (Fig. # 15).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice
l. :li r.
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Fig.15

E- Required Safety Regulations:

1 Tag lines shall be used unless their use creates an unsafe condition.
2. Employees using the personal platform shall be provided with proper fall protection
measures (Lanyard + harness) and tied off to basket. (Fig. # 16).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

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22- 8 Helicopter Cranes:

22-8-1 General Reg u lations :

1. Helicopter cranes when used shall comply with the regulations of Dubai CivilAviation
Authority and after obtaining the necessary permits.
2. All loading and lifting operations by using Helicopter cranes shall be conducted under
the supervision of qualified, trained competent person, who shall plan, assess all hazards
and supervises such operations.
3. Tag lines shall be of a length that will not permit their being drawn up into rotors Fig. (16).
 Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig.16

4. All electrically operated cargo hooks shall have the electrical activating device so
designed and installed as to prevent inadvertent operation.
5. All cargo hooks shall be equipped with an emergency mechanical control for releasing
the load to avoid presenting any hazard to the plane.
6. The hooks shall be tested prior to each day's operation.
7. Personal Protective Equipment for employees receiving the load shall consist of eye pro
tection, hard hats secured by chinstraps and hearing protection devices.
8. Loose-fitting clothing likely to flap in the downwash, and thus be snagged on hoist line,
shall not be worn.
9. Every practical precaution shall be taken to provide for the protection of the employees
from flying objects in the rotor downwash. All loose gear within 30 m (100 feet) of the
place of lifting or depositing the load shall be secured or removed.
10. The helicopter pilot shall be responsible for the size, weight, and manner in which
loads are connected to the helicopter, if, for any reason, the helicopter pilot believes
the lift cannot he made safely, the lift shall not be made.
11. When empl',yees are required to work under hovering craft, safe access shall b
provided for employees to reach the hoist line hook and engage or disengage cargo
slings. Employees shall not work under hovering craft except to hook, unhook, or
position loads.
'12. Static charges on the suspended load shall be dissipated with a grounding device
before ground personnel touch the suspended load, or protective rubber gloves shall
be worn by all ground personnel touching the suspended load.
13. No unauthorized person shall be allowed to approach within 15 m (50 feet) of the
helicopter when the rotor blades are turning (Fig. # 17).
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

Fig.17

14. Whenever approaching or leaving a helicopter with blades rotating, all employees
shall remain in full view of the pilot and keep in a crouched position. Employees
shall avoid the area from the cockpit or cabin rearward unless authorized by the
helicopter pilot to work there.
15. There shall be constant reliable communication between the pilot and a designated
employee f the ground crew who acts as a signal person during loading and unloading.
This signal person shall be distinctly recognizable from other round personnel.
(Fis. # 18).
16. Good housekeeping shall be maintained in all helicopterloading and unloading areas.

Fig.18
Ghapter Twenty Three
References

@
Code of Constructions Safety Practice

1- OSHA Construction Safety & Health Standards OSHA 29 CFR 1926

2- National lnstitute of Occupational Health & Safety (NIOSH - USA).
3- British Standards - Construction lndustry
4- American National Standards lnstitute (ANSI).
5- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
6- American Conference of Governmental lndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH).
7- American Standards & Testing Materials (ASTM).
8- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
9- Construction Safety Association of Ontario (CSAO).
10- Unified Arabic Construction Standards of Safety Practices
11- The Egyptian Safety Legislations Labor Law # 12 for the year 2003.
Code of Constructions Safety Practice
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DUBAI MIJNrcIPALITY

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