Scribd
Upload
88 views5 pages

Uniform Flow: Solutions To Problems in Hydromechanics 5

The document discusses uniform flow through various channel geometries. It provides examples of calculating discharge using Manning's equation for a rectangular channel, triangular channel, and trapezoidal channel. It also develops theoretical expressions for critical slope and estimates roughness coefficients and flow depths/slopes in given channel conditions.

Uploaded by

Rachel v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
88 views5 pages

Uniform Flow: Solutions To Problems in Hydromechanics 5

The document discusses uniform flow through various channel geometries. It provides examples of calculating discharge using Manning's equation for a rectangular channel, triangular channel, and trapezoidal channel. It also develops theoretical expressions for critical slope and estimates roughness coefficients and flow depths/slopes in given channel conditions.

Uploaded by

Rachel v
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Solutions to Problems in Hydromechanics 5

Uniform Flow

1. (F 5.4)

Determine normal discharge for yN = 1.8 m, n = 0.015, and S = 0.0020.

a.

Rectangular section with a width of 6.1 m.

Manning’s formula is written:

1
Q= AR 2 / 3 So1/ 2
n

The hydraulic radius is:

A 6.1⋅1.8
R= = = 1.13 m
P 6.1 + 2 ⋅1.8

The flow is obtained as:

1
Q= ⋅ 6.1⋅1.8 ⋅1.132 / 3 ⋅ 0.00201/ 2 = 35.5 m3 / s
0.015

b.

Triangular section with bottom angle 60 deg.

Section area and hydraulic radius is given by:

1 2 y 2 1.82
A= yN yN = N = = 1.87 m 2
2 3 3 3
A 1.87 1.87
R= = = = 0.45 m
P 2 ⋅ 2 yN / 3 4.16

The flow rate is given by Manning’s formula:

1
Q= ⋅1.87 ⋅ 0.452 / 3 ⋅ 0.00201/ 2 = 3.3 m3 / s
0.015
c.

Trapezoidal section with bottom width 6.1 m and a side slope 1:2.

Section area and hydraulic radius is given by:

A = ( b + zy N ) yN = ( 6.1 + 2 ⋅1.8 ) ⋅1.8 = 17.46 m 2


A 17.46 17.46
R= = = = 1.23 m
P 6.1 + 2 ⋅1.8 ⋅ 1 + 2 2 14.2

The flow rate is given by Manning’s formula:

1
Q= ⋅17.46 ⋅1.232 / 3 ⋅ 0.00201/ 2 = 59.8 m3 / s
0.015

2. (F 5.10)

Develop a theoretical expression for the critical slope in terms of n and q.

The Manning formula gives the flow per unit width according to:

1
q= yN yN2 / 3 So1/ 2
n

q 2 n2
So =
y10
N
/3

At critical conditions (yc = yN) the Froude number is equal to 1, yielding:

uN
Fr = 1 =
gy N
q / yN
→ =1
gy N

2/3
⎛ q ⎞
yN = ⎜
⎜ g ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠

Combining the above equation gives:


q 2n2 n 2 g 10 / 9
Soc = =
( )
2 / 3 10 / 3 q2/9
⎛ q/ g ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

3. (F 5.18)

What is the depth of flow in a circular storm water drainage pipe (1.8 m diameter), if n =
0.015, Q = 2.1 m3/s, and So = 0.0004?

Manning’s formula:

1
Q= AR 2 / 3 So1/ 2
n

This equation may be re-written:

Qn 2.1⋅ 0.015
AR 2 / 3 = = = 1.575
So 0.0004

Solution procedure: calculate AR 2 / 3 for various depths and see when it becomes equal to
1.575. However, a more straightforward method is to employ Fig. 5.2. Calculate
AR 2 / 3 / D8 / 3 = 1.575 /1.88/ 3 = 0.33 and use the figure. For this value, y N / D = 0.89 is
obtained, which results in yN = 1.8⋅0.89 = 1.60 m.

4. (F 5.25)

Estimate the roughness coefficient in a triangular channel with apex angle 50 deg that
conveys a flow of 1.4 m3/s at a depth of 0.3 m and a slope of 0.009.

Top width of triangular flow area:

a = 2 y N tan 25 = 2 ⋅ 0.30 ⋅ tan 25 = 0.28 m

Wetted perimeter:

yN 0.30
P=2 = 2⋅ = 0.66 m
cos 25 cos 25

Flow area:

1 1
A= y N a = ⋅ 0.30 ⋅ 0.28 = 0.042 m 2
2 2
Hydraulic radius:

A 0.042
R= = =0.064 m
P 0.66

Use the Manning formula to derive the roughness:

1
Q= AR 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
n

1
1.4 = ⋅ 0.042 ⋅ 0.0642 / 3 ⋅ 0.0091/ 2
n

→ n = 0.00045

This roughness is too low to be possible to obtain.

5. (F 5.28)

Estimate slope required to convey 5.7 m3/s in a rectangular channel 3.0 m wide (lined
with poorly troweled concrete) so that the Froude number is 2.

Assume a roughness of n = 0.015 (from French page 126).

Froude number equal 2 yields :

uN Q 1 5.7
Fr = 2 = = =
gy N by N gy N 3 g yN3/ 2

→ y N = 0.45 m

The hydraulic radius is given by:

A 3 ⋅ 0.45
R= = = 0.346 m
P 3 + 2 ⋅ 0.45

Using the Manning formula, the required slope is obtained:


1
Q= AR 2 / 3 S 1/ 2
n

1
5.7 = ⋅ 3 ⋅ 0.45 ⋅ 0.3462 / 3 ⋅ So1/ 2
0.015

→ So = 0.0165

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy