PROBLEM NO 1. OMITTED MEASUREMENT.

CASE 1: The length and direction of one side are unknown THEREFORE
For each of the following four traverses given in the accompanying Distance of line AB = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2
√
tabulations, the length and direction of one side are unknown. Compute Distance of line AB = √ X 2 +Y 2
the latitiudes and departures of the given sides and determine the length
Distance of line AB = (−207.13 )2 +¿ ¿ ¿
√
and bearing( or azimuth ) of the omitted side
Distance of line AB = 219.35
.
LINE DISTANCE BEARING
AB 297.66 S50058’E Direction of Line AB
BC 286.66 S15045’W
CD Unknown Unknown | DEP|
∅=tan −1
DE 386.25 N21005’W |LAT|
EA 258.37 N48013’E | X|
∅=tan −1
|Y |
LINE DISTANCE BEARING DEPARTUR
LATITUDE 207.13
E ∅=tan −1 =70° 4 7 ' 6.98
72.19
AB 297.66 S50058’E -187.46 231.22 '
BC 286.66 S15045’W -275.90 -77.81 S 70 ° 4 7 6.98 W
CD Unknown Unknown Y X
DE 386.25 N21005’W 360.39 -138.94
EA 258.37 N48013’E 172.16 192.66
sum 0 0
NOTE: negative latitude – south
Positve latitude – north
Negative departure – west
Positive departure – east
Solution:

∑ latitude=0
−187.46+−275.90+ ¿ Y + 360.39 + 172.16 = 0
Y =−72.19(latitude of line CD)
∑ departure=0
231.22+−77.81+¿ X + -138.94+ 192.66= 0
X =−207.13(departure of line CD)
 | DEP|
∅=tan −1
|LAT|
LINE DISTANCE BEARING | X|
JK Unknown Unknown ∅=tan −1
|Y |
KL 381.92 270000’
207.13
LM 303.94 29015’ ∅=tan −1 =20° 2 8' 38.46
72.19
MJ 135.30 90000’
N 20 ° 2 8' 38.46 W
LINE DISTANCE AZIMUTH
DEPARTUR
FROM LATITUDE
E
SOUTH
JK Unknown Unknown Y X
KL 381.92 270000’ 0 381.92
LM 303.94 29015’ -265.83 -147.35
MJ 135.30 90000’ 0 -135.3

Solution:

∑ latitude=0
Y +0+−265.83+ 0=0
Y =265.83(latitude of line JK )
∑ departure=0
X +381.92+−147.35+−135.3=0
X =−99.27 (departure of line JK )

THEREFORE
Distance of line JK = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2
√
Distance of line JK= √ X 2 +Y 2
Distance of line JK = (−99.27 )2 +(26 5.83)2
√
Distance of line JK = 283.76

Direction of Line JK
PROBLEM NO. 2
CASE NO.2 The length pf one side and the bearing (or azimuth) of an
adjoining side are unknown.
For each of the four traverses given in the accompanying tabulation, the
length pf one side and the bearing (or azimuth) of an adjoining side are
unknown. Determine these unknown quantities.
course Distance Azimuth
from south
1-2 269.90 Unknown
2-3 Unknown 75000’
3-4 199.68 141018’
4-5 274.76 225024
5-1 245.84 296026’

Solution
Step 1: draw the traverse

Step 2: compute the distance and direction of the the closing line
CASE 1: The length and direction of one side are unknown
course Distance Azimuth
from south
3-4 199.68 141018’
4-5 274.76 225024
5-1 245.84 296026’
Dividin Unknown unknown
g line,
1-3

course Distance Azimuth latititude departure

from south
3-4 199.68 141018’ 155.84 -124.85
 4-5 274.76 225024 192.92 195.64
5-1 245.84 296026’ -109.44 220.14
Dividin Unknown unknown Y X
g line,
1-3
SUMS 0 0

239.32 290.93
Solution:

∑ latitude=0
155.84+192.92+−109.44 +Y =0
Y =−239.32(latitude of line 1−3)
∑ departure=0
−124.85+195.64+ 220.14+ X =0
X =−290.93(departure of line 1−3)

THEREFORE By cosine Law

√ 2
Distance of line 1-3 = ( DEP ) + ( LAT ) 2
269.92=376.722 +d 2−2 xdx 376.72 xcos 24 ° 2 6' 26.99
Distance of line 1-3 = √ X 2 +Y 2 d=122.619m (ans)
Distance of line 1-3 = (−290.93 )2 +(−239.32)2
√ By sine law
Distance of line 1-3 = 376.72
sin ¿ ¿

Direction of Line 1-3

𝛽 = 39043’28.68”
Therefore the azimuth from soulth of line 1-2 =
| DEP| 𝛽 = 39043’28.68” (ans)
∅=tan −1
|LAT|
| X|
∅=tan −1
|Y |
290.93
∅=tan −1 =50° 3 3' 33.01
239.32
S 50 ° 3 3' 33.01 W

Step 3: determine the unknown data

 LINE DISTANCE Azimuth
form North
1-2 Unknown 334027’
2-3 955.65 Unknown
Step 2: compute the distance and direction of the the closing line
3-4 594.72 105030’
4-5 874.23 193044’ CASE 1: The length and direction of one side are unknown
5-1 711.50 250005’ LINE DISTANCE Azimuth latitude Departure
Solution form North
Step 1: draw the traverse 3-4 594.72 105030’ -158.93 573.09
4-5 874.23 193044’ -849.24 -207.55
5-1 711.50 250005’ -242.37 -668.94
1-3 Unknown Unknown Y X
sums 0 0

Solution:
∑ latitude=0
−158.93+−849.24 +−242.37+Y =0
Y =1250.54 (latitude of line 1−3)
∑ departure=0
573.09+−207.55+−668.94+ X =0
X =303.4( departure of line 1−3)

THEREFORE
Distance of line 1-3 = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2
√
Distance of line 1-3 = √ X 2 +Y 2
Distance of line 1-3 = 303.42 +(1250.54)2
√
Distance of line 1-3 = 1286.82

Direction of Line 1-3

| DEP|
∅=tan −1
|LAT|
| X|
∅=tan −1
|Y |
303.4
∅=tan −1 =13 ° 3 8' 14.38
1250.54
'
N13 ° 3 8 14.38 E

Step 3: determine the unknown data

By cosine law
955.652 =d 2+1286.822 −2 xdx 1286.82cos 39 ° 11' 38
d = 495.243
by sine law
sin 39 ° 1 1' 14.38 } over {955.65} = {sin(β-13 ° 3 {8} ^ {'} 14.38¿ ¿
495.243
𝛽 = 32045’4.04”
Therefore PROBLEM NO 4
direction of line 2-3 = 32045’4.04”(azimuth from north) Case : lengths of two adjoining sides are unknown
In the accompanying tabulations are the observed data of four traverse in
which the lengths of two adjoining sides are unknown. Determine these
unknown quantities
Line Length Bearing
1-2 Unknown S55053’W
2-3 570.53 S2005’E
3-4 1082.71 DUE EAST
4-5 639.32 N10035’W
5-1 Unknown N57000’W

Solution:
Step 1 Draw the traverse
Step 2: compute the distance and direction of the the closing line 986.03
∅=tan −1 =86 ° 3 7 ' 0.66
Case 1: The length and direction of one side are unknown 58.29
'
Line Length Bearing S86 ° 37 0.66 W
2-3 570.53 S2005’E
3-4 1082.71 DUE EAST Step 3: determine the missing data
4-5 639.32 N10035’W
5-2(closing line) Unknown Unknown

Line Length Bearing latitude departure

2-3 570.53 S2005’E -570.15 +20.74
3-4 1082.71 DUE EAST 0.00 +1082.71
4-5 639.32 N10035’W +628.44 -117.42
5-2 Unknown Unknown Y X
SUM 0 0
Solution:
∑ latitude=0
-570.15 + 0.00 + 628.44 + Y = 0
Y = -58.29
∑ departure=0 By sine law
20.74 + 082.71 + -117.42 + X = 0 a b 987.75
= =
X = - 986.03 sinθ sinρ sinω
THEREFORE:
Distance of line 2-5 = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2 ω=112° 53 '
√
θ=180° −57 °−86 ° 37 ' 0.66 =36°22'59.34
Distance of line 2-5 = √ X 2 +Y 2
ρ=180° −ω−θ=30 ° 4 4' 0.66
Distance of line 2-5 = −986.032 +(−58.29)2
√ a = 635.97m
Distance of line 2-5 = 987.75 m
b = 547.91m

Direction of line 2-5

| DEP|
∅=tan −1
|LAT|
| X|
∅=tan −1
|Y |
Case : lengths of two adjoining sides are unknown
course distance Azimuth from
north
AB unknown 106015’
BC unknown 195015’
CD 905.60 247007’
DE 1754.86 332022’
EA 1216.59 86007’

Solution:
Step 1: Draw the traverse

Step 2: compute the distance and direction of the the closing line
Case 1: The length and direction of one side are unknown
 434.45
∅=tan −1 =18 ° 40' 51.61
course distance Azimuth from north 1284.93
'
CD 905.60 247007’ S 18° 40 51.61 E
DE 1754.86 332022’
EA 1216.59 86007’ Step 3: determine the missing data
AC - closing line unknown unknown

course distance Azimuth latitude Departure

from north
CD 905.60 247007’ -352.15 -834.33
DE 1754.86 332022’ 1554.69 -813.92
EA 1216.59 86007’ 82.39 1213.80
AC - unknown unknown Y X
closing line
SUM 0 0
Solution:
∑ latitude=0
-352.15+ 1554.69+ 82.39+ Y = 0
Y = -1284.93
∑ departure=0
-834.33+ -813.92+ 1213.80+ X = 0
X = 434.45
THEREFORE:
Distance of course BC = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2
√
Distance of course BC = √ X 2 +Y 2
Distance of course BC = 434.45+(−1284.93)2
√
Distance of course BC = 1356.39

Direction of course BC
| DEP|
∅=tan −1
|LAT|
| X|
∅=tan −1
|Y |
 PROBLEM NO 7
Case : lengths of two non-adjoining sides are unknown
In the accompanying tabulations are the observed data of four traverse in
which the lengths of two non-adjoining sides are unknown. Plot each
traverse to scale the sides with unknown quantities are made adjoining.
Determine the unknown unknown lengths in each traverse
Line Distance BEARING
AB 249.18 S19032’E
BC Unknown= N74009’E
OMITTED
a
CD 445.10 S36040’E MEASUREMENTS
DE 668.27 S51014’W INVOLVING ADJOINING
0
EF 866.79 N73 25’W SIDES
0
FG Unknown= N26 00’W
b
GA 560.15 N64032’E

Solution:
Step 1: Draw the traverse

´
AB 1356.4
'
=
sin 33° 5 5 51.61 } = {acute {BC}} over {sin 55° {4} ^ {'} 8.39 sin 91 ° 0'

´
AB=757.24 m
´
BC=1112.2 m
 Step 3: compute the distance and direction of the the closing line
Step 2 : rearrange the order of the sides Case : The length and direction of one side are unknown

Line Distance BEARING Line Distance BEARING

A’B’ 560.15 N64032’E A’B’ 560.15 N64032’E
B’C 249.18 S19032’E OMITTED B’C 249.18 S19032’E
CD 445.10 S36040’E MEASUREMENTS CD 445.10 S36040’E The length and direction of
DE 668.27 S51014’W INVOLVING ADJOINING DE 668.27 S51014’W one side are unknown
EF 866.79 N73025’W SIDES EF 866.79 N73025’W
FG unknown N26000’W FA’ unknown unknown
GA’ unknown N74009’E
 Step 4: determine the missing data
Solution:
Line Distance BEARING latitude departure
A’B’ 560.15 N64032’E 240.86 505.72
B’C 249.18 S19032’E - 234.84 83.31
CD 445.10 S36040’E - 357.03 265.80
DE 668.27 S51014’W - 418.44 - 521.05
EF 866.79 N73025’W 247.39 - 830.74
FA’ unknown unknown Y X
SUM 0 0

∑ latitude=0
240.86+ - 234.84 + - 357.03+ - 418.44 +247.39 + Y = 0
Y = +522.06
∑ departure=0
505.72+ 83.31 + 265.80 +- 521.05+ - 830.74 + X = 0
X = 496.96
THEREFORE:
Distance of line FA’ = ( DEP )2 + ( LAT )2
√
Distance of line FA’ = √ X 2 +Y 2
Distance of line FA’ = √ (496.96)2+(+522.06)2
Distance of line FA’ = 720.77
By sine law:
Direction of line FA’
| DEP| a 720.77
=
∅=tan −1 sin 69° 35 ' 20.4 1} = {b} over {sin30° {33} ^ {'} 39. 59 sin 79° 51'
|LAT|
| X|
∅=tan −1 á=686.26 m
|Y |
b́=372.31 m
496.96
∅=tan −1 =43° 35' 20 . 4 1
522.06
N 43 ° 35' 20.41 E