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Fieldwork Experiment No. 10

This document provides instructions for conducting an open compass traverse field exercise. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of traverse lines and learn how to adjust the traverse. Procedures include establishing stations, taking forward and back bearings at each station, measuring line lengths, and tabulating observed and adjusted values. Computations involve choosing an unaffected line or least discrepant line as the base, and calculating correct bearings of successive lines by sketching known data. Cautions are provided regarding compass use and local attraction effects.

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Justine Botilla
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2K views5 pages

Fieldwork Experiment No. 10

This document provides instructions for conducting an open compass traverse field exercise. The objectives are to determine magnetic bearings of traverse lines and learn how to adjust the traverse. Procedures include establishing stations, taking forward and back bearings at each station, measuring line lengths, and tabulating observed and adjusted values. Computations involve choosing an unaffected line or least discrepant line as the base, and calculating correct bearings of successive lines by sketching known data. Cautions are provided regarding compass use and local attraction effects.

Uploaded by

Justine Botilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVES : a.

To determine the magnetic bearings of each line of an open compass


traverse.

FIELDWORK EXERCISE NO. 10


b.To learn how to adjust an open compass traverse.
OPEN COMPASS TRAVERSE

Objectives:
a) To determine the magnetic bearings of each line of an open compass
traverse.
b) To learn how to adjust an open compass traverse

INSTRUMENTS AND ACCESSORIES: Surveyor’s or Brunton Pocket Compass,


Steel Tape, Range Poles, and Pegs or Chaining Pins.

A. PROCEDURE:
1. Establish at least six distant stations for an open traverse. Call these
stations A, B, C, and so forth.
2. Set up and level the compass at A and release the needle of the compass
so that it will swing freely on its pivot.
3. Sight B and read the compass box for the direction pointed by the north
end of the needle. Record this as the forward bearing of line AB.
4. Transfer the compass to B and sight on A. Read the compass box and
record this as the back bearing of line AB.
5. Turn towards the direction of C, then read and record the forward bearing
of line BC.
6. Transfer to C and sight on B. Read and record the back bearing of line BC,
then sight on D and also read and record the forward bearing of line CD.
7. Proceed to the next station and repeat the same process until the last
traverse station is occupied and a back bearing is taken on the last line of
the traverse.
8. With a steel tape, measure the length of each line in the traverse twice
and record the mean as the actual length of the line.
9. Tabulate observed and adjusted values accordingly. Refer to the
accompanying sample format for the tabulation of field data.

Fig. 4.9. Open compass traverse


NOTE: From the illustrated sample figure of an open traverse, the mean length of each
traverse line is indicated as d1, d2, d3, etc. The angular values corresponding to the
forward and back bearings of transverse lines are represented as 1, 2, 3,etc.

OBSERVED OBSERVED ADJUSTED ADJUSTED


BEARINGS BEARINGS BEARINGS BEARINGS
LINE LENGTH

FORWARD BACK FORWARD BACK

30.88 m N 71020’ E S 70015’ W N 76035’ E S 76035’ W


AB

20.16 m S 65050’ E N 65015’ W S 56028’ E N 56028’ W


BC

28.97 m N 77010’ E S 73005’ W N 106002’ E S 106002’ W


CD

26.48 m S 59058’ E N 61002’ W S 2038’ E N 2038’ W


DE

31.32 m S 70001’ W N 72030’ E S 133027’ W N 133027’ E


EF

B. COMPUTATIONS:

1. A traverse line is free from local attraction if the bearings read at its
two ends are exactly opposite in direction. The traverse angles are
computed from observed bearings and starting from the unaffected line.
2. If two or more traverse lines appear to be free from local attraction,
one of these lines is arbitrarily chosen as the best line. If none of the lines is
free from local attraction, the line with the least discrepancy between the
forward and back bearings is chosen and its forward bearing is assumed to
be correct.
3. The angle between the observed forward and back bearing at any
station can be determined correctly since the angle is independent of local
attraction.
4. Correct bearings of successive lines are then computed easily by
preparing a careful sketch of the known data observed from each station.
There are no formulas to memorize since once the sketch is made, the
required calculations are obvious.
SOLUTION:
SKETCH OF OPEN COMPASS TRAVERSE
C. REMARKS, HINTS, & PRECAUTIONS:

1. The compass circle is graduated in degrees or half-degrees but can be


read by estimation to about 10 min. Usually, graduations are numbered in
multiples of 10 degrees, clockwise and counterclockwise from 0 degrees
at the north and south, to 90 degrees at the east and west.
2. On the compass box the letters E and W are reversed from their normal
positions to give direct readings of bearings.
3. A slight tap on the glass cover releases the needle when it does not swing
freely, and touching the glass cover with a moistened finger removes
static electricity which affects the needle.
4. Objects made of iron or steel, and currents of direct electricity alter the
direction of the lines of magnetic force and are likely to cause the
compass needle to deviate from the magnetic meridian.
5. The precision with which angles may be read depends on the sensitivity of
the needle. Special care should be taken to avoid jarring between the
jewel bearing of the needle and the pivot point. The compass should never
be moved without making certain that the needle is lifted and clamped.
6. Local attraction is present if the forward or back bearings of a line differ by
more than the normal observation errors. To detect local attraction,
successive stations on a compass traverse have to be occupied and
forward and back bearings read.
7. All observed bearings from a given station will be in error by the same
amount if the source of an artificial disturbance is fixed. Angles calculated
from bearings taken at the station will be correct, however.
8. Distances and bearings do not really have to be measured in the order in
which they occur, but since they must be arranged in an order for the
purpose of computation it will be convenient to have them so arranged in
the original notes. Mistakes are less likely to be committed if this is always
done.
9. To read the position of the needle precisely one must look along the
direction of the needle and not obliquely since this causes parallax and an
incorrect reading.
10. The compass is no longer used on surveys of importance since accuracy
cannot be expected from it. It is, however, quite important that the
surveyor understands the instrument, its peculiarities and its limitations. In
spite of its lack of precision the compass is still used for obtaining rough
checks on angles or azimuths taken with the transit. It is likely to hold its
place indefinitely in spite of the fact that it cannot be depended upon for
accurate work.

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