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16 and 2 MARKS For CIA II

This document contains 20 questions and answers related to switched reluctance motors (SRM), permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBLDC), and brushless DC motors (BLDC). Some of the key topics covered include position sensors for SRM, operation modes of SRM, why position sensors are needed for SRM, advantages of SRM for adjustable speed drives, torque and co-energy equations for SRM, differences between DC and PMBLDC motors, why BLDC motors are called electronically commutated, applications of PMBLDC motors, principle of operation and features of PM machines, types of PM machines, emf and torque equations for square wave BLDC motor, and merits and de

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76 views4 pages

16 and 2 MARKS For CIA II

This document contains 20 questions and answers related to switched reluctance motors (SRM), permanent magnet brushless DC motors (PMBLDC), and brushless DC motors (BLDC). Some of the key topics covered include position sensors for SRM, operation modes of SRM, why position sensors are needed for SRM, advantages of SRM for adjustable speed drives, torque and co-energy equations for SRM, differences between DC and PMBLDC motors, why BLDC motors are called electronically commutated, applications of PMBLDC motors, principle of operation and features of PM machines, types of PM machines, emf and torque equations for square wave BLDC motor, and merits and de

Uploaded by

kesavant
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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16MARK QUESTIONS

1.POWER CONTROLLER USED FOR SRM AND EXPLAIN ANY TWO SCHEME.
2. EMF EQUATION OF PMBL SQUARE WAVE DC MOTOR
3. STRUCTRE OF CONTROLLER OF PM BLDC MOTOR.
4. Explain in detail the various rotor position sensors used in permanent
magnet brushless DC motor.
5. Explain the construction and working of Switched Reluctance motor.
6.With a block diagram explain the importance of closed loop control of
Switched Reluctance motor

2 MARKS WITH ANSWER

1. Mention some position sensors used in switched reluctance motor .(June 13)
Optical encoder, resolver, Speed sensors and Hall Effect sensor.

2. Mention different modes of operation of SRM.(Dec 15)


Low speed mode, High Speed mode

3. Why rotor position sensor is essential for the operation of Switched Reluctance
motor? (Dec 12, Dec 2016)
It is normally necessary to use a rotor position sensor for communication and speed feedback. The
turning ON and OFF operation of the various devices of power semiconductor switching circuit are
influenced by signals obtained from rotor position sensor.

4. Why SR machines popular in adjustable speed drives?(Dec 12)


Rotor is simple and it tends to have a low inertia, The stator is simple to wind, In most applications
the bulk of the losses appear on the stator, which is relatively easy to cool, Due to the absence of
magnet the maximum permissible rotor temperature may be higher than in PM motors, Under fault
conditions the open circuit voltage and short circuit current are zero or varying small, Extreme by
high speeds are possible.

5. Mention some position sensors used in switched reluctance motor .(June 13)
Optical encoder, resolver, Speed sensors and Hall Effect sensor

6. Give the expression for torque of a Switched Reluctance motor.(May 12, June 13)
The torque is given by T = [∂W’/∂θ] i=const Or by T = [∂Wf / ∂θ] ψ =const.
With magnetic saturation negligible and with ψ–i curve straight line,ψ=Li, W’=Wf =(½)Li2z,T = (½)i2
dL/dθ Nm where T is the torque, L is the inductance, Wf is the stored field energy.

7. What is switched reluctance motor?


The switched reluctance motor is a doubly salient, singly excited motor. This means that it has
salient poles on both the rotor and the stator, but only one member (usually the stator) carries
windings. The rotor has no windings; magnet is or cage windings but is built up from stacks of
salient pole laminations.

8. Write the relations between the speed and fundamental switching frequency.
f=nNr=(r.p.m./60)Nr Hz , Nr=No. of rotor poles, If there are q phases there are qNr steps per
revolution and the step angle or stroke is given by ε=2π/(qN r) rad. The number of stator poles
usually exceeds the number of rotor poles.

9. What is co-energy?
In the ψ –i curve of a motor, the area between the curve and horizontal i axis is the co-energy W’
and the other part is the stored field energy Wf.

10. What is the step angle of an 5 phase Switched Reluctance motor and
commutation frequency in each phase for the speed of 6000 rpm. SRM having 10
stator poles and 4 rotor poles.
Solution:
Step angle ()=(2π/qNr)=(360°/5*4)=18°.
Commutation frequency at each phase=(Nr*ω)/2π=(4*6000)/60=400Hz.[ω = 2πN].

11. What are the difference between conventional DC motor and PMBLDC motor?
(Dec 12)

DC PMBLDC
Brushes are present. Brushes are not present.
Sparking may occur due to brush. Sparking will not occur as brush is not
present.
Brush tend to produce RF1. RF1 problem does not occur.
There is a need for brush No need of brush maintenance.
maintenance.

12. Why brushless permanent magnet motor is called as electronically commutated


motor? (Dec’15, June 2016)
The switching instants of the individual transistor switches, Q1 – Q6 with respect to the trapezoidal
emf wave is synchronized with the rotor. So switching the stator phases synchronously with the emf
wave make the stator and rotor mmfs rotate in synchronism. Thus, the inverter acts like an
electronic commutator that receives switching logical pulses from the rotor position sensor. This is
why a BLDC drive is also commonly known as an electronically commutated motor (ECM).

13. List some applications of BLPM DC motor. (Dec 15, June 2016)
Fans, Pump drive, Traction and Hydraulic power steering, precision high speed spindle drivers for
hard disk drivers etc.,.

14. Write the principle of operation of PM-BLDC motor? (Dec 14)


When a D.C supply is switched on to the motor the armature winding draws a current. The current
distributes with the stator armature winding depends upon rotor position and the devices turned
on. As per faradays law of electromagnetic induction a emf is dynamically induced in the armature
conductors. This back emf as per lenz law opposes the cause. As a result developed torque reduces.
Finally the rotor attain the steady speed.

15. What are the FEATURES of PM machine?


1)In general, PM machines have a higher efficiency as a result of the passive, PM-based field
excitation. PM machines have the highest power density compared with other types of electric
machines, which implies that they are lighter and occupy less space for a given power rating.2)The
amount of magnet material that is required for a given power rating is a key cost consideration. The
cost of magnet material is high compared with the cost of the other materials used in electric
motors, and design attributes that minimize the required amount of magnet material are important
considerations in motor selection.3)The stators of PM machines are generally fabricated in the
same manner as induction machine stators; however, modifications are sometimes necessary, such
as the design of a stator lamination to accommodate high flux density.

16. What are the types of PM machines?


1. Interior PM Machine and
2. Surface mounted PM machine.

17. Give the emf and torque equations of the square wave BLDC motor.
The emf equation is given by E = kφω and the torque equation is given by T = kφI. where k is the
armature constant depending on the number of turns in series per phase in the armature winding,
ω is rotor speed in rad / sec and φ is the flux ( mainly contributed by the Permanent Magnet on the
rotor). I is the load current.

18. Write the principle of operation of PM-BLDC motor? (Dec 14)


When a D.C supply is switched on to the motor the armature winding draws a current. The current
distributes with the stator armature winding depends upon rotor position and the devices turned
on. As per faradays law of electromagnetic induction a emf is dynamically induced in the armature
conductors. This back emf as per lenz law opposes the cause. As a result developed torque reduces.
Finally the rotor attain the steady speed.

19. Compare 120 degree and 180 degree operation of BLDC motor.
The 180 degree magnetic arc motor uses 120 degree mode of inverter operation. The motor with
120 degree magnetic arc uses 180 degree mode of inverter operation. In 180 degree mode of
inverter has 1.5 times copper losses but produce same torque with only 2/3 of magnetic material.
Motor operation is less efficient.
20.What are the relative merits and demerits of brush less DC motor drives? (Dec
2016)
Merits: Commutator less motor, Specified electrical loading is better, Heat can be easily
dissipated, No sparking takes place due to brush, Source of EMI is avoided.
Demerits: Above 10 kW, the cost of magnet is increase, Due to centrifugal force the magnet may
come out.

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