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SEM Subject Impt Two Marks Question With Answers

The document discusses permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors. It provides information on their applications, materials used in permanent magnets, principles of operation, classifications based on winding and flux distribution, magnetic equivalent circuit diagram, naming based on emf waveform shape, torque equation, and methods to reverse direction of rotation. It also discusses permeance coefficient, phase voltage and current waveforms, no-load speed calculation, intrinsic coercivity, advantages and disadvantages relative to switched reluctance motors, and position sensors used. Power controllers for BLDC motors mentioned include trapezoidal, sinusoidal and field-oriented control. Hall effect sensors are described along with their uses.

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98 views

SEM Subject Impt Two Marks Question With Answers

The document discusses permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motors. It provides information on their applications, materials used in permanent magnets, principles of operation, classifications based on winding and flux distribution, magnetic equivalent circuit diagram, naming based on emf waveform shape, torque equation, and methods to reverse direction of rotation. It also discusses permeance coefficient, phase voltage and current waveforms, no-load speed calculation, intrinsic coercivity, advantages and disadvantages relative to switched reluctance motors, and position sensors used. Power controllers for BLDC motors mentioned include trapezoidal, sinusoidal and field-oriented control. Hall effect sensors are described along with their uses.

Uploaded by

vlkumashankardeekshith
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1) Mention some applications of PMBLDC motor

The permanent-magnet brushless DC motor (BLDC motor) has achieved a brilliant application in
aerospace, military, automotive, office automation and household equipment industries,
since it has the advantages of high efficiency, long lifetime, low noise and good torque-speed
characteristics. 

1) List out the merits of PMBLDC motor over conventional motor.

They are smaller in size.

For smaller rating Permanent Magnet reduces the manufacturing cost and thus PMDC motor are
cheaper.

As these motors do not require field windings, they do not have field circuit copper losses. This
increases their efficiency.

1) List the permanent magnet materials used in PMBLDC motors

Permanent magnet motors utilize several types of permanent magnet materials,


including hard ferrites, alnico, and samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron. Hard
ferrites are the permanent magnet material most commonly found (by weight) in permanent
magnet motors. This is due to their low cost.

1) What are the types of materials used in permanent magnet motors?

Permanent magnet motors utilize several types of permanent magnet materials, including hard
ferrites, alnico, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron. Hard ferrites are the permanent
magnet material most commonly found (by weight) in permanent magnet motors.

1) Define permeance coefficient.

Permeance coefficient is defined as the ratio of magnetic flux density to


magnetic field strength at the operating slope of the B-H curve.
It is used to express the “operating point” or “operating slope” of the
magnet on the load line or B-H curve. Thus the permeance coefficient is
very useful in designing magnetic circuits. It is denoted by PC.
2)Describe the principle of operation of PMBLDC motor.

BLDC motor works on the principle similar to that of a Brushed DC motor. The Lorentz force
law which states that whenever a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field it
experiences a force. As a consequence of reaction force, the magnet will experience an
equal and opposite force.

2)List out the different classifications of BLPM DC motor?

1.Based on the stator phase winding classified as


a) one phase one pulse BLDC motor
b) one phase two pulse BLDC motor
c) Two phase two pulse BLDC motor
d) Three phase three pulse BLDC motor
e) Three phase six pulse BLDC motor
2. Based on the flux distribution classified as
a)BLPM Square wave dc motor
b)BLPM sinusoidal wave dc motor

2)Draw the magnetic equivalent circuit of two pole PMBLDC motor.

2) How the permanent magnet motors are named based on the wave shape of emf?

a)BLPM Square wave or Trapezoidal dc motor


b)BLPM sinusoidal wave dc motor
2)What is the emf equation of a PMBLDC motor?

eph= 2BgrlTphωm

4)How are the directions of rotations reversed in PMBLDC motor?

To reverse the default motor direction of a BLDC motor must reverse two of the Hall

sensor wires and the correct pair of the Phase wires (only one of the three phase wire

swap options will work correctly). Swapping any two of the wires connecting a brushless DC

motor to its ESC will reverse the direction it spins.

4)Sketch the ideal phase voltage and current waveform of PMBLDC machine .

4) A permanent magnet DC commutator motor has a stalling torque of 2 Nm. The stall current is 5

A. Compute the motor’s no-load speed if it is fed with 28 V DC supply.


Solution :

We know Tstart = Km Istart

Tstart = 2 Nm ; Istart = 5A ;

now find Km = Tstart/ Istart = 2/5 = 0.2

No load speed ωo = Vsupply / Km

No load speed ωo = 28 / 0.2 = 140 rps

No load speed in RPM (No) = (140 x 60)/ 2 π [ωo = (2 πNo)/60]

No load speed in RPM (No) = 1336.90 approx = 1337 RPM

4) Define intrinsic coercivity.

The intrinsic coercivity which is defined as the magnitude of applied magnetic field that

demagnetizes a permanent magnet to zero polarization from the fully magnetized state. 

4) Write the torque equation of a PMBLDC motor.

3) Compare PMBLDC motor and switched reluctance motor.


An important difference between the SRM and BLDC motors is their behavior at high
speeds. The SRM is reasonably good at behaving as a constant power motor above base
speed. The BLDC motor, on the other hand, often loses power output capability rapidly as
the speed increases.

3) What are the two types of BLPM SQW DC motor?

a)180”polerarc BLPM SQW motor

b) 120”polearc BLPM SQW motor

3)Give the advantages of PMBLDC motor.

Advantages of Brushless DC Motors


 Better speed versus torque characteristics.
 High dynamic response.
 High efficiency.
 Long operating life due to a lack of electrical and friction losses.
 Noiseless operation.
 Higher speed ranges.
3)Give the disadvantages of PMBLDC motor.

Disadvantages of brushless DC motors:


 Cost: Rare-earth permanent magnets are much more expensive than other
permanent magnets, which leads to an increase in motor costs.
 Limited constant power range: A large constant power range is critical to achieving
high vehicle efficiency.
3)List the advantages of PMBLDC motor.

Advantages of Brushless DC Motors


 Better speed versus torque characteristics.
 High dynamic response.
 High efficiency.
 Long operating life due to a lack of electrical and friction losses.
 Noiseless operation.
 Higher speed ranges.

4) What are the features of permanent magnet synchronous motor?

PMSM Characteristics
 No sparks, safer in explosive environments.
 Clean, fast and efficient.
 Designed for high-performance servo applications.
 Runs with/without position encoders.
 More compact, efficient and lighter than an ACIM.
 Produces optimal torque when coupled with Field-Oriented Control (FOC)

4) What are the differences between synchronous motor and PMSM?

Construction. The permanent magnet synchronous motor construction is similar to the basic
synchronous motor, but the only difference is with the rotor. The rotor doesn't have any field
winding, but the permanent magnets are used to create field poles.

4)What are disadvantages of PMSM relative to the commutator motor?


Its rotor has constant magnetic but it needs the variable magnetic field so these motors
want to variable frequency power source to start. Permanent magnet synchronous motors
require a drive to operate it cannot run without a driver.

4)List the applications of sine wave motor.

The Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in robotics,


machine tools, actuators, and it is being considered in high-power
applications such as industrial drives and vehicular propulsion.
4)What are the applications of PMSM?

The Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in robotics,


machine tools, actuators, and it is being considered in high-power
applications such as industrial drives and vehicular propulsion.

3)List out the power controllers used in permanent magnet brushless


DC motor.

There are three control schemes for electronic commutation: trapezoidal, sinusoidal and field-
oriented control.

The trapezoidal technique is the simplest. At each step, two windings are energized (one “high”
and one “low”) while the other winding floats. The disadvantage of the trapezoidal method is that
this ‘stepped’ commutation causes the torque to ‘ripple’, especially at low speeds.

Sinusoidal control is more complex, but it reduces torque ripple. During this control regime, all
three coils remain energized with the driving current in each of them varying sinusoidally at 120°
from each other. The result is a much smoother power delivery compared with the trapezoidal
technique.

Field-oriented control relies on measuring and adjusting stator currents so that the angle
between the rotor and stator flux is always 90°. This technique is more efficient at high speeds
than the sinusoidal method and gives better performance during dynamic load changes
compared to all other techniques.

3) Compare and contrast mechanical and electronic commutator.


3)What is hall effect sensor? Give its uses.

A Hall effect sensor is an electronic device that is designed to detect the


Hall effect, and convert its findings into electronic data, either to switch a
circuit on and off, provide a measurement of a varying magnetic field. Using
magnetic fields, Hall effect sensors are used to detect variables such as
the proximity, speed, or displacement of a mechanical system.
Hall sensors are commonly used to time the speed of wheels and shafts, such as for
internal combustion engine ignition timing, tachometers and anti-lock braking
systems. They are used in brushless DC electric motors to detect the position of the
permanent magnet.

3) Name the position sensors that are used for PMBLDC motor.

a)Optical position sensor

b) Half effect position sensor

3)What is electronic commutator?


BLDC motors are electronically commutated motors powered by a DC electric source via an
external motor controller to achieve commutation. Put simply, commutation is the process of
switching the current in the motor phases to generate motion. Brushed motors have physical
brushes to achieve this process twice per rotation, while BLDC motors commutation is done
by determining the angular position and then applying current to the stator which
creates a magnetic field that attracts the rotor to a new position.There are two major
commutation techniques: 120° square-wave commutation and 180° sinusoidal (sine-
wave) commutation. 

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