DGT MH –CET 12th PHYSICS Study Material 1

4 Oscillations

 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW iii) In case of the angular SHM, the torque, ( )
on the particle is directly proportional and
Simple Harmonic Oscillations
oppositely directed to the angular displacement
1. Oscillatory Motion 
(). That is
The to and fro motion of a particle is said to be
 
oscillatory. It is also called vibratory motion.   
For example, the motion of a simple pendulum is  
oscillatory. or    k 
where k is a constant depending on the
2. Periodic motion moment of inertia and elasticity of the
The motion that repeats after equal intervals system.
of time is called periodic. For example, the iv) For SHM, there are two extreme positions
motion of the earth about the sun is periodic. (E1 and E2) at equal distances on either side
Similarly the motion of a simple pendulum is also of the mean position (M). See fig. below
periodic.
All periodic motions are not oscillatory.
Fig. 3.1
3. Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
It is a periodic as well as oscillatory motion.
In the Simple Harmonic Motion the acceleration
of the particle is always proportional to the
displacement from the equilibrium position and is Fig. 3.2

directed opposite to the displacement. If a be v) The motion of the particle from the mean
the acceleration of the particle when its displace- position to the either extreme position, then
   to the other extreme position (through the
ment from the mean position is y, then : a   y
mean position) and back to the mean position
The equilibrium position is also called mean is called oscillation. It is also called vibration.
position. It is the position to which the particle See the fig. below
returns when the oscillatory motion ceases.

i) The force F acting on a particle describing
simple harmonic motion is also proportional

to displacement (y) and is directed opposite
to it. That is :
    Fig. 3.3
F   y or F   ky
4. Frequency
where k is a constant. It is called force
The number of oscillations per second is called
constant. Its value depends on inertia and
frequency of SHM. It may be denoted by :
elasticity of the system.
f or  or n
ii) The simple harmonic motion may be on a
straight line path (linear SHM) or on a The unit of frequency is hertz (Hz).
circular arc (angular SHM). 1 hertz = 1 oscillation per second.

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5. Time period y  A sin t

The time taken to complete one oscillation is called
or y  A cos t
time period of oscillation. It may be denoted by
T. It is expressed in seconds. or y  A1 sin t  A 2 cos t
Which can also be written as :
6. Relation between time period and frequency
T and f are related as follows : y  A sin(t  )
1
T where A  A12  A 22
f
Note :
 A 
i) All simple harmonic motions are periodic and &   tan 1   2 
oscillatory. But all periodic and/or oscillatory  A1 
motions are not simple harmonic. It can also be written as :
ii) For describing the SHM, the displacement
y  A cos(t  )
is measured from the mean or equilibrium
position. The displacment is denoted by y, x where A  A12  A 22
or .
 A 
7. Amplitude &   tan 1   2 
Maximum displacement in SHM on the either side  A1 
of mean position is called amplitude. It may be
9. Differential equation of SHM
denoted by a or A or y0 or 0. See fig. below.
The differential equation for linear SHM is as
follows :

d2 y
2
 2 y  0
dt
Fig. 14.1
i) At the mean position, y = 0, hence the force And that for the angular SHM is as follows :
or the torque is also zero. At the extreme
d 2
position y is maximum, hence force or torque  2   0
is also maximum. dt 2
ii) In the angular SHM, the angular acceleration
 10. Relation between angular frequency and
() is proportional and oppositely directed force constant

to the angular displacement  . That is : The angular frequency ro and the force constant
  k for linear SHM are related as follows :
  
k
iii) The particle executing SHM is always under 
m
the action of restoring force or the restoring
torque, which tends to bring it back to the where, m = mass of the system or particle.
equilibrium position. And for the angular SHM we have :
iv) 2 f   is called angular frequency of c

2 I
SHM. Also   .
where, c = torsional couple per unit twist and I is
T
the moment of inertia of the system.
8. Equation of SHM The unit of force constant k is Nm–1. It is the
The displacement of a particle executing SHM is same as that of surface tension. The dimensional
given by either of the following equations. formula for k is ML0T–2.

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11. Phase of SHM 

It is the characteristic of SHM which tells us  1  2 
2
about the position and the direction of motion of If  is +VE, then the first particle (P1) leads
the particle executing simple harmonic motion. the second particle (P2) by . And if  is
In the expression for the displacement of the –VE, then the first particle (P1) lags behind
particle executing SHM, that is : the second particle by .
y  A sin(t  ) iv) SHMs in phase
If   2n, where n = 0, 1, 2, ....., then
or y  A cos(t  )
the two particles are said to be in phase.
The angle (t  ) represents the phase of SHM. These particles are also said to be in the
It varies with time. And  is the phase at t  0. same phase.
It is called initial phase. It is also called epoch. v) Out of Phase
i) Phase in terms of time period or If   (2n  1), where n = 0, 1, 2, .....,
frequency then the two particles are said to be out of
The phase can also be expressed in terms phase. It is also called opposite phase.
of time period (T) or frequency as follows : vi) Phase difference in terms of time period
and frequency
 2  If  be the angular frequency,
Phase = (t  )   t   
 T 
2
then   2f  .
= (2 f t  ) T
ii) Phase difference Therefore angle
The difference in phase of two SHMs is 2
  (t)  t  2f t.
called phase difference. Suppose, the T
equations of motion of two particles (P1 & Thus the phase difference can be expressed
P2) executing SHMs are as follows : in terms of the time period or frequency and
y1  A1 sin(1t  1 ) time interval t.

y 2  A 2 sin(2 t   2 ) 12. Projection of uniform circular motion on one

Then the instantaneous phase difference of the diameters
between the two SHMs is : Fig. 12.1 shows a particle P moving on a circular
path of radius A with angular speed . Here N is
  (1 t  1 )  (2 t  2 )
the projection of P on the X-axis and M is the
iii) To find the phase difference both y1 as well projection of P on the Y-axis. Let :
as y2 should be expressed either in terms of
sine or in terms of cosine.
For example, if
y1  A sin(t  1 ) ... (i)

& y 2  A cos(t  2 ) ... (ii)

Then to find , first of all we express y2
as follows :
 
y2  A sin  t  2  
 2
 
Hence   1   2  
 2 Fig. 12.1

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ON  x
And OM  y
If PON    t
Then ON  x  A cos t
And OM  y  A sin t
Thus, the motion of N as well as M is Simple
Harmonic.
In other words, the motion of the projection of
(iii)
uniform circular motion on one of the diameter is
Simple Harmonic.
i) SHM starting from mean position
The displacement of SHM is given by,
x  A sin t
if x = 0 at t = 0. That is, initially the particle
is at the mean position.
ii) SHM starting from the extreme position
(iv)
The displacement of SHM is given by,
y  A cos t
if x = A at t = 0. That is, initially the particle
is at the extreme position.
13. Angular speed and Angular frequency ()
The angular speed of the uniform circular motion
is the angular frequency of the corresponding
simple harmonic motion of the projection of
(v)
circular motion on one of the diameters.
14. Graphical description of displacement of
SHM with time
Figures below show the displacement time (y  t)
graphs for different cases of SHM.

(vi)
15. Velocity of the particle executing SHM
The displacement of a particle executing SHM is
given by,
y  A sin t
(i)
dy
Then    A cos t gives the velocity of
dt
the particle.
Velocity varies simple harmonically
Here,   A cos t  0 cos t
i) This shows that the variation of velocity of
the particle is simple harmonic & its amplitude
(ii) is 0  A. It depends on A and .

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ii) The angular frequency (), the frequency The graph between  and y is a circle when   1.
(f) and time period (T) of oscillation of Note : The above relations are true even when
velocity () of SHM are same as that of
the equation of SHM is y  A cos t,
displacement (y).
iii) The velocity leads the displacement in phase y  A cos(t  ) or y  A sin(t  ).
 1/ 2
by . See the fig. ahead. It shows the From the relation     A 2  y2  , we find that
2
variation in y and  with time. velocity is minimum when y = A. That is at the
extreme position. And min = 0.
Also, the velocity is maximum when y = 0. That
is at the mean position. And max = A.

17. Acceleration of SHM. Force in SHM

The acceleration of the particle executing SHM
is given by :

d d
a  (A cos t)  A2 sin t
Fig. 15.1 dt dt

16. The variation of velocity with displacement or a  a 0 sin t, where a 0  A2

From the relation   A cos t, we can write : i) Since y  A sin t, therefore
1
a  A2 sin t  2 y
  A 1  sin 2 t  2
That is the acceleration is proportional to
1 displacement and is directed opposite to
 y2  2
displacement. The force on the particle is
 A 1  2 
 A  given by,

1/ 2 F  ma  m2 y
or     A 2  y2  ... (i)
Or F   ky, where k  m2
This can also be written as :
The force also varies directly as the
2 y2 displacement and is directed opposite to the
 1
A 2 2 A 2 displacement.
The graphical variation of  with y is an ellipse.
ii) The acceleration is maximum when y  A.
See the fig. below.
That is at the extreme position.

Also a max   A. And it is minimum when

2

y  0. That is at the mean position. And

amin = 0.

iii) Acceleration varies simple hannonically

This shows that the acceleration as well as
the force varies simple harmonically. The
amplitude of acceleration or force is
a 0  A2 . It depends on the frequency of
Fig. 16.1 the oscillation.

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iv) The angular frequency (), the frequency 1

(f) and the time period (T) of oscillation of Hence a  a 0 1  cos 2 t  2
acceleration (a) of SHM are same as that 1/ 2
of velocity () and displacement (y).  2 
 a 0 1  2 
v) Since a 0  A2 and 0  A, therefore,  0 
a0 2 1/ 2
2 a 0 Or a  0  2 
  2f   0
T 0
1/ 2
Or a    20  2 
vi) The acceleration is ahead of velocity in
phase by /2. Also, the acceleration is ahead a2 2
of displacement in phase by . That is, This gives  1.
02 2 02
acceleration and displacement are out of
phase with each other. This is depicted a2 2
graphically in the figure ahead. Or  1
A 2  4 A 2 2
That is, the graph between a and  is an ellipse
as shown in the fig. below.

Fig. 17.1
vii) The variation of acceleration with dis-
placement is linear as shown in the figure Fig. 18.1
below. The slope of the a-y graph is equal i) The graph between a and  is a circle when
to 2.   1.
ii) The force acting on a particle executing
SHM is a restoring force. This force is similar
to the elastic force.
iii) The variation of y,  and a when
y  A sin t, is shown in the figure below..

Fig. 17.2

18. Relation between acceleration and velocity

of SHM
The displacement (y), velocity () & acceleration
(a) of SHM are given by, y  A sin t
  A cos t  0 cos t
And a  A2 sin t  a 0 sin t Fig. 18.2

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19. Variation of y,  and a with time

1
i) Maximum value of Up is U p max  m2 A 2 .
Case I. When y  A sin t,   A cos t, 2
a   A2 sin t And the minimum value of Up is U p min  0.

T T 3T ii) The Up is maximum at the extreme position

t 0 T of oscillation and is minimum at the mean
4 2 4
y 0 A 0 A 0 position of oscillation.
 A 0 A 0 A 22. The kinetic energy of Simple Harmonic
a 0 A2 0 A2 0 Motion
The kinetic energy of SHM when
Case II. When y  A cos t,    A sin t
y  A sin t is given by :
and a   A2 cos t
1 1
T T 3T U k  k(A 2  y 2 )  k(A 2  A 2 sin 2 t)
t 0 T 2 2
4 2 4
y A 0 A 0 A 1
 kA 2 cos 2 t
 0  A 0 A 0 2
a  A2 0 A2 0  A2
1 1
Or U k  k2 (A 2  y 2 )  m2 cos 2 t
2 2
20. Energy of Simple Harmonic Motion
The potential energy Up of a particle executing i) If y  A cos t, then :
SHM and with instantaneous displacement
1 1
y  A sin(t  ) is given by : U k  k(A 2  y 2 )  kA 2 sin 2 t
2 2
1 1 1 1
U p  m2 y2  m2 A 2 sin 2 t Or U k  m2 (A 2  y 2 )  m2 sin 2 t
2 2 2 2
1 1 ii) The kinetic energy of a mass attached to a
 ky2  kA 2 sin 2 t spring oscillating simple harmonically is given
2 2
by,
And if y  A cos(t  ), then :
1
1 1 U p  kx 2
U p  m2 y 2  m2 A 2 cos 2 (t) 2
2 2
where, k is the force constant and x is the
1 1 distance through which the spring is stretched.
 k2  kA 2 cos 2 t
2 2 iii) Maximum value of Uk is,

1
21. Variation of Up with y and t U max  m2 A 2
2
y A 0 A
1 1 iv) Minimum value of Uk is,
Up  m2 A 2 0 m2 A 2
2 2
U k min  0
T T 3T
t 0 T
4 2 4 A
Up for y 
U p  U k when x 
1 1
0 m2 A 2 0 m2 A 2 0 2
A sin t  2 2
Up for y  1 1 1 The potential energy is maximum, when
m2 A 2 0 m2 A 2 0 m2 A 2
A cos t  2 2 2
kinetic energy is minimum and vice-versa.

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23. Total Energy of SHM is given by : For y  Asin t

It is constant. That is, the total energy of SHM is
same at all displacements and at all instants. It
de ends on frequency as well as the amplitude
and inertia (mass) of the system.
Note : The maximum potential energy = maximum
kinetic energy = Total energy of SHM.
That is,
U p max  U k max  E

24. Nature of variation of Up, Uk and E. Fig. 25.1

If y  Asin t

1
U p  m2 A 2 sin 2 t
2

1
 m2 1  cos 2t 
4

1
U k  m2 A 2 cos 2 t
2

1
 m2 A 2 1  cos 2t  Fig. 25.2
4 For y  A cos t
Similarly when y  A cos t, then

1
U p  m2 A 2 1  cos 2t 
4

1
U k  m2 A 2 1  cos 2t 
2
From the above expressions we can conclude that
Up as well as Uk varies periodically, but the
variation is not Simple Harmonic. The vatiation
Fig. 25.3
is oscillatory with a time period half of that for y,
x or a. And the frequency of oscillation is twice
as that of y,  or a.
Thus, if frequency, angular frequency and time
period of y be f,  and T respectively, then that
T
for Up and Uk will be : 2f, 2 & respectively..
2
The total energy does not vary with time or
displacement.

25. Graphical description of Up, Uk and E with t

and y is shown below : Fig. 25.4

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26. Expression for frequency and time period

1 1 g
of SHM : Hence f  
T 2 
The acceleration of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion is given by : g
And   2f 

a  2 y
ii) The above expression is valid only when the
2 amplitude of the simple pendulum is small
Hence,    2f and the length is finite. If  be the angular
T
amplitude, then the above relation for T, f

a acceleration
 and  are valid when sin   , say upto
y displacement about 150.
Also force constant is given by, 28. Seconds pendulum
k  m 2 It is a simple pendulum having time period of
2 seconds. Its length is nearly 1 metre.
2 k The restoring force responsible for oscillation of
Therefore,    2f 
T m the simple pendulum is given by,
F   mg sin 
Simple Harmonic Oscillators where, m is the mass of the bob.
27. Simple pendulum i) The linear amplitude of the bob is given by,
The simple pendulum consists of a point mass A  
suspended from a massless flexible & inextensible ii) The time period, frequency as well as
string clamped to a rigid support. angular frequency of simple pendulum is
independent of the mass of the bob.
The ideal simple pendulum as defined above
is not possible. In actual practice, the simple iii) For small amplitude, the time period of simple
pendulum consists of a heavy spherical bob pendulum is independent of amplitude.
suspended with a flexible and inextensible string iv) For large amplitude, the time period varies
from a rigid support. as the square of amplitude. That is T  A 2 .
The distance between the point of v) For large amplitude, time period is given
suspension and the centre of gravity of the bob is by :
called length of simple pendulum. It is denoted
  1 2  1 32 4  
by . T  2 1  sin  2 2 sin  ..
g 2 2 2 4 4 
i) The time period of simple pendulum at any
place, where the acceleration due to gravity The time period of a simple pendulum is also
is 'g', is given by : given by :
1
 R  2
T  2  
 (  R)g 
where, R = radius of the earth.


T  2
g

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
vi) When  << R, we find T  2
g

R
When  = R, we find T  2 
2g
= 59.8 minutes
R 30. Time period of simple pendulum depends
When >> R, we find, T  2
g on the effective value of the acceleration due
= 84.6 minutes to gravity.
This is the maximum value of time period of The effective value of the acceleration due to
simple pendulum. gravity can change due to many factors. Hence,
29. Graphical description of time period the expression for the time period of simple
The time period of a simple pendulum is given pendulum should be written as :
by :

T  2
 g eff
T  2
g
where geff is the effective value of the acceleration
From the above relation, we can conclude that : due to gravity.
i) The graph between T and  is a straight 31. Simple pendulum in a lift :
line. See fig. (i). If the simple pendulum is oscillating in a lift
ii) The graph between T2 and  is also a straight moving with acceleration a, then :
line. See fig. (ii).
iii) The graph between T and  is a parabola as g eff  g  a
shown in the fig. (iii). Here +VE sign is taken when the lift is ascending
iv) The graph between T2 and g is a rectangular and the –VE sign is taken when the lift is
hyperbola as shown in the fig. (iv). descending. Hence :

 
v) The graph between T and is a straight T  2
g ga
line. See fig. (v). i) When the lift is falling freely a = g and
 hence g eff  g  g  0. The time period in
vi) The graph between T and is also a
g

such a case is T  2  . That is the
straight line. See fig. (vi). 0
pendulum does not oscillate.
ii) If the simple pendulum is oscillating in a
compartment accelerating or retarding
horizontally at the rate 'a', then the
effective value of the acceleration due to
gravity is,

g eff  g 2  a 2

1
  2
And T  2  
 g  a 
2 2

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In such a case the mean position of the

pendulum is shifted by an angle , such that h  cos 
T  2  2
g g
a
tan   . See fig. below :
g 34. Vibration magnetometer
It is a device based on the simple harmonic
oscillations of a magnet suspended in the uniform
magnetic filld. When a magnet suspended freely
in a uniform magnetic field BH is disturbed from
its position of equilibrium, it executes SHM of
time period.

Fig. 31.1
iii) Changes in time period due to the
change in  and g.


Since T  2
g

T 1   g 
Therefore,   
T 2  g 
Here, T, , g are +VE when their value
increases and they are –VE when their value
decreases. Percentage change in time period

1   g 
is given by :     100%
2  g 

32. Torsional pendulum

It consists of a circular disc suspended with the
help of a wire. The time period of torsional
I
oscillations is given by : T  2
c 1/ 2
 I 
where I = moment of inertia of the disc about the T  2  
suspension wire and c = torsional couple perunit  p m BH 
twist. where, I is the moment of inertia of the bar magnet
and Pm is its dipole moment.
33. Conical pendulum

It consists of a simple pendulum, whose bob
describes a circular motion on a horizontal circle.
Its time period is given by,

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Periodic Motion and Simple Harmonic Motion 8. What causes damping in oscillatory motion ?
1. Which of the following quantities connected with a) Restoring force
simple harmonic motion do not vary periodically ? b) Friction
a) Displacement b) Acceleration c) Both restoring force and friction
c) Total energy d) Velocity d) Neither restoring force nor friction
2. Which of the following is an essential condition 9. Which of the following characteristics does not
for the motion to be simple harmonic ? change due to the damping of SHM ?
a) Constant force a) Angular frequency
b) Force proportional to displacement b) Time period
c) Force opposite to displacement c) Initial phase d) Amplitude
d) Force proportional & opposite to displacement 10. What determines the frequency of natural
3. The dimensions of ; oscillations of system ?
(force constant + mass)1/2 are the same as that a) Inertia alone
of : b) Elasticity alone
a) acceleration c) Both inertia and elasticity
b) angular acceleration d) Neither inertia nor elasticity
c) angular velocity d) velocity 11. Which of the following is not essential for the
4. Which of the following statements is NOT true free oscillations of a mass attached to a spring ?
for the oscillations of the mass suspended with a a) Inertia b) Restoring force
spring ? c) Elasticity d) Gravity
a) Time period varies directly as the square root 12. Restoring force acting on particle executing
of the suspended mass undamped natural oscillations is directly
b) A stiffer spring gives lesser time period proportional to :
c) The mass cannot execute oscillations in the a) amplitude b) displacement
state of weightlessness c) velocity d) none of the above
d) The system will have same time period on the 13. The differential equation representing the simple
moon as on the earth harmonic motion of the particle is,
5. If F is restoring force, K is force constant and y
d2x
is displacement, which of the following expressions m  kx  0
represent the equation of Simple Harmonic dt 2
Motion ? The angular frequency of the simple harmonic
motion is :
a) F  Ky b) F  Ky
k
c) F   Ky d) none of the above a) k b)
m
6. Which of the following is NOT essential for simple
harmonic motion ? k
c) k d)
a) Inertia b) Restoring force m
c) Material medium d) Gravity 14. The dimensions of mass  force constant of SHM
are same as that of :
7. Which of the following characteristic must remain
constant for undamped oscillations of the particle ? a) time b) time2

a) Amplitude b) Velocity 1
c) acceleration d)
c) Acceleration d) Phase acceleration

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15. The force constant of SHM is measured in : 23. The graph between restoring force and time in
a) Nm b) Nm –1 case of SHM is :
c) N d) some other unit a) a straight line b) a circle
16. The dimensional formula for amplitude of SHM c) a parabola d) a sine curve
is : 24. The relation between the acceleration amplitude
a) M0L0T0 b) M0LT0 'a', the displacement amplitude 'A' and the angular
c) MLT0 d) MLT frequency  of SHM is :
17. The restoring force acting on the particle executing a) A  a b) a  A
SHM is :
c) A  2  d) a  2 A
a) directly proportional to displacement
25. The relation between velocity amplitude '', the
b) inversely proportional to displacement displacement amplitude 'A' and the angular
c) directed in the same sense as the displacement frequency co of SHM is :
d) independent of displacement
a) A   b)   A
18. The angle between the instantaneous velocity and
the acceleration of a particle executing SHM is : c) A  2  d)   2 
26. The frequency of SHM is 100 Hz. Its time period

a) zero b) is :
2
a) 100 s b) 1 s
c)  d) zero or 
c) 0.1 s d) 0.01 s
19. The phase angle between the projections of
27. A particle executes SHM with a time period of
uniform circular motion on two mutually
2 s and amplitude 5 cm, Maximum magnitude of
perpendicular diameters is :
its velocity is :
 a) 2.5  cm s–1 b) 5  cm s–1
a) zero b)
2 c) 10  cm s–1 d) 20  cm s–1
3 28. What is the ratio of amplitudes of
c) d) 
4 

y1  10sin  3t   and
20. In SHM, the variation of which following is not a  4
sine curve ?
a) Displacement b) Velocity y 2  5sin 3t  5 3 cos3t ?
c) Acceleration d) Time period a) 0.2 b) 0.5
21. In SHM, the acceleration of the particle is zero, c) 1 d) 2
when its :
29. A particle starts from rest at t = 0 from x = 0 and
a) velocity is zero moves on the X-axis again coming to rest at t = 1
b) displacement is zero and x = 1. Which of the following statement about
c) both velocity and displacement are zero its acceleration in the interval 0  t  1 is correct ?
d) both velocity and displacement are maximum a) It is always positive
22. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic b) It is always negative
of SHM ? c) It is always zero
a) Projection of uniform circular motion on any d) First it is +VE and then –VE
straight line
30. A particle starts from rest at time t1 and moving
b) Periodic nature
on a straight line path again comes to rest at time
c) Displacement time graph is a sine curve t2. Which of the following statement about the
d) Acceleration is zero at the mean position nature of motion is correct ?

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a) Motion may be simple harmonic their amplitudes are in the ratio :

b) Motion must be periodic a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 2
c) Motion cannot be oscillatory c) 1 : 1 d) 4 : 1
d) The acceleration cannot direction with time 37. A particle starts from rest from x = 0 at t = 0 and
31. The force constant of a linear simple harmonic moves on a straight line path and again comes to
oscillator is 2  106 N/m. Its amplitude is 1 cm rest at x = 1 and t = 1. If the motion is simple
and total mechanical energy is 160 J. What is the harmonic, the maximum acceleration is nearest
maximum kinetic energy of the oscillator ? to :
a) 160 J b) 100 J a) 1 b) 3
6
c) 10 J d) 2  106 J c) 5 d) 7
32. In the above question what is the maximum 38. A particle is executing SHM of time period
potential energy of the oscillator ? 4 seconds. What time will it take in going from
a) 160 J b) 100 J Y = 0 to Y = half of the amplitude ?
6
c) 10 J d) 2  106 J
1
33. A ball is suspended by a thread of length  at a a) 1 second b) second
point on the wall. The ball is displaced through a 3
small angle  away from the vertical and released. 1 1
The ball strikes against the wall perfect elastically. c) second d) second
5 9
What is the time period of oscillations ?
39. A particle moves such that its acceleration is given
  by a  bx, where x is the displacement from
a)  b) 2
g g equilibrium position and b is a constant. The period
of oscillation is :

c) 4 d) none of the above 2
g a) 2 b b)
b
34. Two particles are performing SHM on same
straight line of same frequency and same 2 
amplitude A. The largest distance between the c) d) 2  
b b
particles is A. What is the phase difference
between the two simple harmonic oscillators ? 40. What is the nature of graph between the velocity
a) 0 b)  / 4 () and displacement (y) for a simple harmonic
c)  / 2 d)  oscillator ?
35. A particle executes SHM on a straight line path a) Parabola b) Circle
of amplitude 2 cm. When the displacement is c) Sine curve d) Ellipse
1 cm, the magnitude of velocity is equal to that of 41. What is the nature of graph between acceleration
acceleration. What is the frequency of oscillations ? and displacement for the simple harmonic
a) 3 b) oscillator ?
3
a) Straight line b) Sine curve
3 3 c) Ellipse d) Parabola
c)  d) 
2 2 42. What is the nature of graph between the velocity
36. Two harmonic motions are represented by the and acceleration of a particle executing simple
equations, harmonic oscillations ?
 a) Straight line b) Ellipse

y1  10sin  3t   c) Parabola d) Hyperbola
 4
43. The equation for the displacement of SHM is,

y2  5 sin 3t  3 cos3t  y  Asin t

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For which of the following relations the graph

2
between displacement and acceleration is a a) 2 3 b)
3
circle ?
a)   1 b) A  1 3 1
c) d)
c) A  1 d) A  1 2 2 2 3
44. The displacement of a particle executing SHM 49. A mass is attached to a vertically held light
is, spring. The spring extends by 1 mm due to the
weight of the mass. The time period (in seconds)
y  4cos 2t of oscillation of the mass will be :
The acceleration of the particle is : a) 1 b) 
a) 16  cos 2  t b) – 16  cos 2  t
2
c) 2  d) none of the above
c) 16 2 cos 2  t d) – 16  cos 2  t
Kinetic, Potential and Total Energy in S.H.M.
Time period in S.H.M. 50. On which of the following factors does the total
45. Time period of SHM is given by : energy of the oscillator executing simple harmonic
T  2 [displacement/acceleration]1/2. motion depend ?
When displacement increases, the time period : a) Displacement b) Frequency
a) increases c) Velocity d) Acceleration
b) decreases 51. If E is the total energy of a particle executing
SHM and 'A' be the amplitude of the vibratory
c) remains unchanged
motion, then E and 'A' are related as :
d) may increase or decrease
1
46. A particle starts its SHM from the mean position a) E  A b) E 
at t = 0. Time period is T. It will be at the extreme A
position after a time t =
1
c) E  A 2 d) E 
T T A2
a) b)
4 2 52. The potential energy of a particle executing SHM
c) T d) 2 T varies sinusoidally. If the frequency of oscillation
47. A particle executes SHM. Its instantaneous of the particle is n, that of potential energy is :
acceleration is given by a = –px, where p is a
n n
constant and x is the displacement from the mean a) b)
position. The angular frequency of the particle is 2 2
given by : c) n d) 2 n
1 53. A particle executes simple harmonic motion along
a) p b) a straight line path. Its amplitude is A. The
p
potential energy of the particle is equal to the
1 kinetic energy, when the displacement of the
c) p d) particle from the mean position is :
p
A
48. A particle executes simple harmonic motion on a a) zero b) 
straight line. The amplitude of oscillation is 2 cm. 2
When the displacement of the particle from the
A
mean position is 1 cm, the magnitude of its c)  d)  A
2
acceleration is equal to that of its velocity. The
time period in seconds of simple harmonic motion 54. How does the total energy of an oscillator
is : executing SHM vary ?

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a) Maximum at the mean position

2E 2E p
b) Maximum at the extreme position a) b)
m m
c) Maximum at a point where potential energy
is equal to the kinetic energy
2E k
d) It is same every where c) d) none of the above
m
55. The kinetic energy of a particle executing SHM
is maximum, when its displacement is equal to : 62. In the above question the instantaneous velocity
is given by :
amplitude
a) zero b) 2E p
4 2E
a) b)
m m
amplitude
c) d) amplitude
2 2E k
c) d) none of these
56. A particle is vibrating in a simple harmonic motion m
with an amplitude of 4 cm. At what displacement
63. In the above question, the maximum acceleration
from the equilibrium position its energy half-
is given by :
potential and half-kinetic ?
a) 1 cm b) 2 cm 2E 2E p
a) b)
m m
c) 3 cm d) 2 2 cm
57. A maximum displacement, in a simple harmonic 2E k
motion, the potential energy is : c) d) none of the above
m
a) minimum
64. A solid sphere of mass 2 kg and diameter 20 cm
b) equal to kinetic energy is suspended from a wire. The twisting couple
c) maximum per unit twist is 5  10–2 Nm/rad. What is the
d) neither maximum nor minimum time period of torsional vibrations of the sphere ?
58. What is the nature of graph between the kinetic a) 1 s b) 0.8 s
energy and displacement of a particle executing c) 0.4 s d) 0.2 s
SHM ?
a) Ellipse b) Parabola Simple pendulum and its time period, Second's
c) Circle d) Hyperbola pendulum
59. What is the nature of graph between the potential 65. A pendulum suspended from the ceiling of a tram
energy and the total energy of SHM ? beats seconds when the train is accelerating at
a) Straight line 10 m s–2. What will be its time period when the
b) Sine curve train retards at 10 ms–2 ?
c) Parabola a) 2 s b) 2 2 s
d) Ellipse
 2 
60. What is the nature of graph between the potential c)  s d) none of the above
energy and kinetic energy of a particle executing  2
simple harmonic motion ? 66. Two pendulums oscillate with a constant phase
a) Straight line b) Ellipse difference of 900. If the time period of one is T,
c) Circle d) Parabola that of other will be :
61. The total energy, the potential energy and kinetic
T
energy of the particle of mass m executing SHM a) b) T
2
is given by : E, E p and Ek respectively. The
maximum velocity of SHM is given by : c) 2 T d) 4 T

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67. A pendulum beating seconds is taken from the 73. How will the frequency of a simple pendulum
earth to a planet having both the mass and radius vary when it is taken from the surface of the
half as compared to the earth. The time period of earth to the bottom of a deep mine ?
the pendulum will be : a) Increases
a) 2 s b) 2 2 s b) Decreases
c) Remains unchanged
1 d) Pendulum will not oscillate
c) 2s d) s
2 74. The force constant of a simple pendulum is :
68. The mass and diameter of a planet P are twice a) directly proportional to the mass of the bob
as compared to that of the earth. If the length of b) directly proportional to the length of the
a second's pendulum on the earth is 1 m, its length pendulum
on the planet P will be : c) inversely proportional to both mass of the bob
a) 0.5 m b) 1 m and length of the pendulum
c) 2 m d) 4 m d) independent of the mass of the bob as well as
69. A pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of the length of the pendulum
compartment of a train. When the train is 75. The intensities of two notes are equal. If frequency
stationary, the time period of the pendulum is T. of one note is one-fourth that of the other, then
If the train accelerates, how will the time period the ratio of their amplitudes is :
of the pendulum change ? a) 1 b) 2
a) It will increase c) 4 d) 16
b) It will decrease 76. Two pendulums oscillates with a constant phase
c) It will remain unchanged difference of 900, and same amplitude. The
d) Pendulum will not oscillate maximum velocity of one is . The maximum
velocity of the other will be :
70. A hollow ball is filled with water and then used
as a bob of the simple pendulum. If the water a)  b) 2
drains out of a small hole in the bottom, then how

will it affect the time period ? c) 2  d)
2
a) It will go on decreasing
b) It will go on increasing 77. The graph between time period and length of a
simple pendulum is :
c) It will remain unchanged
a) straight line b) curve
d) It will first increase, and then it will decrease
to ultimately acquire the initial value c) ellipse d) parabola
78. The frequency of second's pendulum is :
71. The length of seconds pendulum on the earth is
about 1 m. What should be the length of second's a) 1 Hz b) 2 Hz
pendulum on the moon ? c) 5 Hz d) none of the above

1
a) 1 m b) m Angular S.H.M. & Magnet vibrating in a uniform
6
magnetic induction.
c) 6 m d) 36 m
79. A bar magnet (negligible thickness) is suspended
72. A simple pendulum is attached to the roof of a in a uniform horizontal magnetic field. Its period
lift. Its time period of oscillation, when the lift is of oscillation is 2. If it is cut along the bisector
stationary is 0.5 s. Its frequency of oscillation, and a piece it is suspended, then its period of
when the lift falls freely will be : oscillation is :
a) zero b) 2 Hz a) 1 s b) 2 s
c) 20 Hz d) infinite c) 3 s d) 4 s

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80. A body of mass 0.1 kg performs linear S.H.M. it 87. A magnetic needle is executing S.H.M. in a
experiences a restoring force of 1 N, the displace- magnetic field, when magnetic field is increased :
ment is 5 cm, then the period of S.H.M. is : a) the period decreases
a) 0.4444 S b) 0.144 S b) the frequency decreases
c) 1.444 S d) 0.2222 S c) the period increases
81. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 2 Am2 and d) the frequency does not change
moment of inertia 10–6 kg m2 about transverse axis
88. The displacement of a particle performing S.H.M.
passing through its centre and executing S.H.M.
is 0.001 m and magnitude of its acceleration is
The magnetic induction is 0.8  10–5 wb/m2. The
1 m/s 2 . The frequency of the particle is
period of the bar magnet is :
approximately :
a) 4  b) 3 
a) 250 Hz b) 25 Hz
 3
c) d) c) 5 Hz d) 106 Hz
2 2
89. Two springs of force constants 'K' and '2K' are
82. A bar magnet is carried from a place of magnetic
stretched by the same force. If W1 and W2 are
induction B1 to another place of magnetic induction
the energies stored in them respectively, then :
B2 and during this, its frequency changes from
0.2 Hz to 0.8 Hz. What is the ratio of B2 to B1 ? a) W1  W2 b) W1  2W2
a) 2 b) 4
1 1
c) 6 d) 16 c) W1  W2 d) W1  W2
2 4
83. The frequency of a bar magnet reduces to half
90. A simple harmonic oscillator has an amplitude 'A'
the original frequency when the magnetic induction
and time period T'. Time required by it to travel
changes to 1.25  10–5 wb/m2. What is the original
magnetic induction if the magnet is vibrating A
om x = A to x = is :
initially in uniform magnetic field whose magnitude 2
can be changed :
T T
a) 1  10–5 wb/m2 b) 3  10–5 wb/m2 a) b)
2 3
c) 5  10–5 wb/m2 d) 7  10–5 wb/m2
T T
c) d)
Recent Questions from MH-CET Exams. 4 6
84. The force constant of SHM is measured in : 91. A body is executing S.H.M. when the displace-
a) Nm b) Nm–1 ments from the mean position are 4 cm and 5 cm,
the corresponding velocities of the body are
c) N d) N–1m
10 cm/s and 8 cm/s respectively. The time period
85. The potential energy of a particle, performing of oscillation is :
SHM, at the mean position is :

1 1 a) s b)  s
a) m a b) m x
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
3
1 c) s d) 2  s
d) m (a  x )
2 2 2
c) zero 2
2
86. The KE and PE of a particle executing SHM will 92. If the length of a simple pendulum is doubled
be equal when displacement is (a = amplitude) : keeping its amplitude constant, its energy will be :
a) unchanged b) doubled
a
a) b) 2a c) four times d) halved
2
93. The velocity of a particle performing simple
a a 2 harmonic motion, when it passes through its mean
c) d)
2 3 position is :

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a) infinity b) zero a) 5 m/s b) 15 m/s

c) minimum d) maximum c) 10 m/s d) 20 m/s
94. The acceleration of particle executing SHM. 102. The displacement of a particle performing linear
When its mean position : S.H.M. at any instant t is given by :
a) infinity b) varies
 5 
c) maxirrium d) zero X  6sin 3t   metre.
 6
95. For a particle executing SHM having amplitude
a, the speed of the particle is one half of its The frequency of motion is :
maximum speed when its displacement from the a) 5 Hz b) 0.5 Hz
mean position is :
c) 0.15 Hz d) 1.5 Hz
a 103. A particle executing a S.H.M., its maximum
a) 2 a b) 3
2 acceleration is  and maximum velocity is .
Then its amplitude is :
a
c) a d)
2  2
a) b)
96. Total energy of a particle executing SHM is  2
proportional to :
2 2
a) square of amplitude of motion c) d)
 
b) frequency of oscillation
c) velocity in equilibrium position 104. When length of simple pendulum is increased by
d) displacement from equilibrium position 22 cm its period changes by 20%. The initial
length of the pendulum is :
97. Dimensions of force constant are :
a) 2 m b) 1 m
a) M1L0 T 2 b) M 1L0 T 2
c) 0.5 m d) 0.2 m
0 1 2 2
c) M L T d) MLT 105. A particle of mass m performing oscillation of
98. If the length of the simple pendulum is increased time period T and amplitude A. Its total energy is
by 44%, then what is the change in time period given by :
of pendulum ?
a) 22 % b) 20 % 2mA 2 2 mA 2 2
a) b)
c) 33 % d) 44 % T2 T2
99. Time period of a thin magnet is 4 s. If it is divided mA 2 2 4mA 2 2
into two equal halves then the time period of each c) d)
2T 2 T2
part will be :
a) 4 s b) 1 s 106. For a second's pendulum, g is changed from 9.81
to 9.51, then change in its length will be :
c) 2 s d) 8 s
a) 3 m b) 0.6 m
100. A S.H.M. is represented by,
c) 0.03 m d) 0.06 m
x  5 2  sin 2 t  cos 2 t  .
107. For magnet of time period T, magnetic moment
The amplitude of the S.H.M. is : is M, if magnetic moment will become one-fourth
a) 10 cm b) 20 cm of initial value, then the time period of oscillation
become :
c) 5 2 cm d) 50 cm
a) half of initial value
101. The kinetic energy of a particle executing S.H.M.
b) one-fourth of initial vlaue
is 16 J when it is at its mean position. If the mass
of the particle is 0.32 kg, then what is the c) double of initial value
maximum velocity of the particle ? d) four times initial value

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108. A particle performing S.H.M. moves from A to a) 1.2  10–4 T b) 1.2  10–5 T
A c) 1.6  10–4 T d) 1.6  10–5 T
  , then time taken by the particle is : 115. The total work done by a restoring force in simple
2
harmonic motion of amplitude A and angular
T T velocity , in one oscillation is :
a) b)
3 6
1
a) mA 2 2 b) zero
T 2
c) d) T
12
109. For an oscillating particle : which of the following 1
c) mA 2 2 d) mA
is a st. line ? 2
a) v Vs t b) a Vs t 116. In Simple harmonic motion, acceleration of the
c) P.E. Vs x d) T.E. Vs x particle is zero, when its :
110. A mass M is suspended from a spring of negligible a) velocity is zero
mass. The spring is pulled a little and then released b) displacement is zero
so that mass executes S.H.M. with time period.
c) both velocity and displacement are zero
T. If mass is increased by 'm' then the time period
d) both velocity and displacement are maximum
5 m 117. An amplitude of a simple pendulum of a period
becomes   T. The ratio   is :
4 M 'T' and lenght 'L' is increased by 5%. The new
period of that pendulum will be :
9 4
a) b)
16 5 T T
a) b)
25 5 8 4
c) d)
16 4 T
111. A body performing S.H.M. about its mean position c) d) T
2
with period 24 s. After 4 s its velocity is  m/s,
118. For a particle in S.H.M. if the amplitude of the
then its path will be :
displacement is a and the amplitude of velocity is
a) 48 m b) 24 m v, the amplitude of acceleration is :
c) 32 m d) 52 m
112. In simple harmonic motion, the wrong statement v2
a) va b)
is : a
a) velocity of the body is maximum at mean position
v2 v
b) kinetic energy is minimum at extreme position c) d)
2a a
c) its acceleration is maximum at extreme position
119. The increase in pressure required to decrease
and direction away from mean position
the 200 L volume of a liquid by 0.008% in kPa
d) its acceleration is minimum at mean position is :
113. Time period of pendulum on earth surface is T1.
[Bulk modulus of the liquid = 2100 MPa]
Its time period at a height equal to radius of earth
is T2 then the ratio of T1 : T2 is : a) 8.4 b) 84
a) 8 : 10 b) 5 : 10 c) 92.4 d) 168
c) 1 : 1 d) 2 : 10 120. The average acceleration of a particle performing
S.H.M. over one complete oscillation is :
114. A bar magnet is oscillating in a uniform magnetic
field of induction 0.4  10–5 T. When the frequency 2 A 2 A
of the oscillating bar magnet is double due to a) b)
2 2
increasing magnetic field, the increase in magnetic
induction is : c) zero d) A2

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121. U is the PE of an oscillating particle and F is the

kT kT
force acting on it at a given instant. Which of the c) d)
42 4
following is true ?
128. A block resting on the horizontal surface executes
U 2U S.H.M. in horizontal plane with amplitude 'A'. The
a) x0 b) x 0
F F frequency of oscillation for which the block just
starts to slip is :
F F
c) x0 d) x 0 [ = coefficient of friction, g = gravitational
U 2U
acceleration]
122. The maximum velocity of a particle executing
S.H.M. is V. If the amplitude is doubled and the 1 g 1 g
a) b)
2 A 4 A
1
time period of oscillation decreases to   of its
3 A A
c) 2 d) 4
original value, then the maximum velocity will be : g g
a) 18 V b) 6 V
129. A particle performs S.H.M. with amplitude 25 cm
c) 12 V d) 3 V
and period 3 s. The minimum time required for it
123. For a constant force the work done in stretching
to move between two points 12.5 cm on either
if spring constant k1 > k2 then energy stored in
side of the mean position is :
two wire related as :
a) 0.6 s b) 0.5 s
a) w 1  w 2 b) w 1  w 2 c) 0.4 s d) 0.2 s
c) w 1  w 2 d) w 2  2w 1 130. A particle is executing S.H.M. of periodic time
124. If A1 and A2 are the amplitude of two waves 'T'. The time taken by a particle in moving from
superimpose with other that A 1 > A 2 then mean position to half the maximum displacement
difference of maximum amplitude and minimum in : [sin 300 = 0.5]
amplitude is : T T
a) A1 + A2 b) A1 – A2 a) b)
2 4
c) 2 A1 d) 2 A2
125. A particle performing S.H.M. about their mean T T
c) d)
position with the equation of velocity is given by 8 12
4v 2  25  x 2 , then the period of motion is : 131. A mass is suspended from a spring having spring
constant 'K' is displaced vertically and released,
a) 2  b) 
it oscillates with period 'T'. The weight of the
c) 3  d) 4 
mass suspended is : [g = gravitational acceleration]
126. A mass (m) is suspended at the end of a weight-
less wire of length L, cross-sectional area A and KTg KT 2 g
Young's modulus Y. The period of oscillation for a) b)
42 42
the S.H.M. along the vertical direction is,
KTg KT 2 g
YA mL c) d)
a) 2 b) 2 22 22
mL YA 132. A simple pendulum is oscillating with amplitude
'A' and angular frequency ''. At displacement
mY AL
c) 2 d) 2 'x' from mean position, the ratio of kinetic energy
YL mY
to potential energy is :
127. A flat spiral spring of force constant k is loaded
with mass M and oscillate about vertical with a x2 x 2  A2
a) b)
time period T. Then the mass suspended to the A  x2
2
x2
free end is : A2  x2 Ax
c) d)
4 2
kT 2
x2 x
a) b)
kT 2 42 

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REVISION OUESTIONS 8. If a simple harmonic oscillator has got a dis-

from Competitive Exams placement of 0.02 m and acceleration equal to
1. Two sound waves are respectively represented 2.0 ms–2 at any time, the angular frequency of
the oscillator is equal to :
by : y  a sin(t  kx) ; y  b cos(t  kx)
a) 10 rad s–1 b) 0.1 rad s–1
The phase difference between the two waves
c) 100 rad s–1 d) 1 rad s–1
is :
9. If the amplitude of sound is doubled and the
  frequency reduced to one-fourth, the intensity of
a) b)
2 4 sound at the same point will be :
3 a) increasing by a factor of 2
c)  d)
4 b) decreasing by a factor of 2
2. A travelling wave passes a point of observation.
c) decreasing by a factor of 4
At this point the time interval between successive
crests is 0.2 second : d) unchanged
a) wavelength is 5 metre 10. A simple harmonic oscillator has an amplitude A
and time period T. The time required by it to travel
b) frequency is 5 Hz
c) velocity of propogation is 5 ms–1 A
from x = A to x  is :
d) wavelength is 0.2 metre 2
3. If the length of second's pendulum is increased a) T / 6 b) T / 4
by 2%. How many seconds it will lose per day ? c) T / 3 d) T / 2
a) 3927 seconds b) 3727 seconds 11. A particle, moving along the X-axis, executes
c) 3427 seconds d) 864 seconds simple harmonic motion then the force acting on
4. A spring of force constant 10 Nm–1 has an initial it is given by :
stretch 0.02 m. In changing the stretch to 0.25 m, a) – AKx b) A cos (Kx)
the work done is : c) A exp (–Kx) d) A Kx
a) 0.01 J b) 0.1 J [where A and K are positive constants]
c) 1.1 J d) 2.1 J 12. Which one of the following is simple harmonic
5. If a watch with a wound spring is taken to the motion ?
moon, it : a) wave moving through a string fixed at both
a) runs faster b) runs slower ends
c) does not work d) shows no change b) earth spinning about its own axis
6. When sound waves travel from air to water which c) ball bouncing between two rigid vertical walls
of these remains constant ? d) particle moving in a circle with uniform speed
a) Velocity b) Frequency 13. A block of mass M is placed on a smooth table.
c) Wavelength d) All the above Its two sides are attached to fixed walls by means
7. A body executes S.H.M. with an amplitude A. of collinear horizontal springs of spring constants
At what displacement from the mean position is k1 and k2 (k1 > k2) as shown in the figure. The
the potential energy of the body is one-fourth of block is made to oscillate horizontally along the
its total energy ? line of the two springs. The frequency of its
A A oscillation is :
a) b)
4 2
3A
c)
4
d) Some other fraction of A

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1/ 2 1/ 2 d) The fractional change in the time period of a

1  k1  k 2  1  k1  k 2 
a)   b)   pendulum on changing the temperature is
2  M  2  M  independent of the length of the pendulum
1/ 2 1/ 2 19. A particle starts S.H.M. from the mean position
1  M  1  M 
c)   d)   as shown in the Fig. below. Its amplitude is A and
2   k1  k 2  2   k1  k 2 
its time period is T. At one time its speed is half
14. A simple pendulum is executing simple harmonic that of the maximum speed. What is the
motion with a time period T. If the length of displacement ?
pendulum is increased by 21% the % increase in
the time period of the pendulum of increased
length is :
a) 10 % b) 21 %
c) 30 % d) 50 %
15. A particle has simple harmonic motion. The
 2A 3A
 a) b)
equation of its motion is x  5sin  4t   , 3 2
 6
where x is its displacement. If the displacement 2A 3A
of the particle is 3 units, then its velocity is : c) d)
3 2
2 5 20. Resonance is a special case of :
a) b)
3 6 a) forced vibrations b) natural vibrations
c) 20 d) 16 c) damped vibrations d) none of these
16. A particle is performing simple harmonic motion 21. A simple pendulum of length  is suspended from
along x axis with amplitude 4 cm and time period the roof of a train which moves in a horizontal
1.2 s. The minimum time taken by the particle to direction with an acceleration a. Then the time
move from x = +2 cm to x = +4 cm and back period T is given by :
again is given by :
 
a) 0.6 s b) 0.4 s a) 2 b) 2
g a 2  g2
c) 0.3 s d) 0.2 s
17. A large horizontal surface moves up and down in
 
SHM with an amplitude of 1 cm. If a mass of c) 2 d) 2
ga ga
10 kg (which is placed on the surface) is to remain
continually in contact with it, the maximum 22. The P.E. of a particle executing S.H.M. from a
frequency of SHM will be : distance x from its equilibrium position is :
a) 0.5 Hz b) 1.5 Hz
1 1
c) 5 Hz d) 10 Hz a) m2 x 2 b) m2 a 2
2 2
18. Identify the exact statement among the following :
1
a) The greater the mass of a pendulum bob, the c) m2 (a 2  x 2 ) d) zero
shorter is its frequency of oscillation 2
b) A simple pendulum with a bob of mass M 23. Two simple pendulums of length 0.5 m and 20 m
swings with an angular amplitude of 400. respectively are given small linear displacement
When its angular amplitude is 200, the tension in one direction at the same time. They will again
in the string is less than Mg cos 200 be in the phase when the pendulum of shorter
length has completed ........ oscillations :
c) As the length of a simple pendulum is increased,
the maximum velocity of its bob during its a) 5 b) 1
oscillation will also increase c) 2 d) 3

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24. A clock which keeps correct time at 200C, is a)  cm b) 2 cm

subjected at 40 0C. If coefficient of linear
c) 2 cm d) 1 cm
expansion of the pendulum is 12  10–6 per 0C.
How much will it gain or loose in time ? 30. If the metal bob of a simple pendulum is replaced
a) 10.3 seconds/day b) 20.6 seconds/day by a wooden bob, then its time period will :
c) 5 seconds/day d) 20 minutes/day a) increase b) decrease
25. The displacement x (in metres) of a particle c) remain the same d) first 'A' then 'B'
performing Simple Harmonic Motion is related 31. If a simple pendulum oscillates with an amplitude
to time t (in seconds) as, 50 mm and time period of 2 s, then its maximum
velocity is :
 
x  0.05cos  4t   a) 0.10 m/s b) 0.15 m/s
 4
c) 0.8 m/s d) 0.16 m/s
The frequency of the motion will be : 32. If the period of oscillation of mass (M) suspended
a) 0.5 Hz b) 1.0 Hz from a spring is 2 s, then the period of mass 4 M
c) 1.5 Hz d) 2.0 Hz will be :
26. The kinetic energy of a particle, executing S.H.M. a) 1 s b) 2 s
is 16 J when it is in its mean position. If the c) 3 s d) 4 s
amplitude of] oscillations is 25 cm and the mass 33. A spring 40 mm long is stretched by the application
of the particle is 5.12 kg, the time period of its of a force. If 10 N force is required to stretch the
oscillation is : spring through 1 mm, then work done in stretching
 the spring through 40 mm is :
a) sec b) 2  sec a) 84 J b) 68 J
5
c) 20 sec d) 5 sec c) 23 J d) 16 J

27. If the displacement of a particle executing S.H.M. 34. The time period of a simple pendulum is 2 second.
is given by, If its length is increased by 4 times, then its period
becomes :
y  0.30sin(220t  0.64)
a) 16 s b) 12 s
in metre, then the frequency and maximum c) 8 s d) 4 s
velocity of the particle is :
35. The length of a spring is '' when a force of 4 N
a) 35 Hz, 66 m/s b) 45 Hz, 66 m/s is applied on it. The length is  when 5 N force is
c) 58 Hz, 113 m/s d) 35 Hz, 132 m/s applied. Then the length of spring when 9 N force
28. A body is executing simple harmonic motion with is applied is :
an angular frequency 2 rad/s. The velocity of the a) 5  4 b)   
body at 20 mm displacement, when the amplitude
of motion is 60 mm, is : c) 5   d) 9(  )
a) 40 mm/s b) 60 mm/s 36. A 1.00  10 kg particle is vibrating with SHM
–20

c) 118 mm/s d) 120 mm/s with a period of 1.00  10–5 second, and with
29. A particle in SHM is described by the displacement maximum velocity 1.00  103 m/s, then the
function, maximum displacement from mean position is :
a) 10 m b) 1.59 mm
2
x(t)  A cos(t  ),   c) 1 m d) none of them
T
37. When the displacement is half the amplitude, the
If the initial (t = 0) position of the particle is 1 cm, ratio of potential energy to the total energy is :
its initial velocity is  cm s–1 and its angular
frequency is s–1 then the amplitude of its motion 1 1
a) b)
is : 2 4

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1 y 2  a cos(t  kx)m, where x is in meter and t

c) 1 d)
8 in sec. The phase difference between them is :
38. What is the nature of graph of the potential energy a) 1.0 radian b) 1.25 radian
of a simple pendulum and its displacement from c) 1.57 radian d) 0.57 radian
mean position ? 43. A point mass is subjected to two simultaneous
a) Straight line sinusoidal displacements in x-direction,
b) Symmetric parabola
 2 
c) Asymmetric parabola x1 (t)  A sin t & x 2 (t)  Asin  t  
 3 
d) Rectangular hyperbola
Adding a third sinusoidal displacement
39. In a simple pendulum, if K.E. is one-fourth of
total energy, then displacement (x) is related to x 3 (t)  Bsin(t  ) brings the mass to a
amplitude (A) as : complete rest. The values of B and  are :
a) x  A b) x  2A 4
3
a) 2A, b) A,
3 3 4 3
c) x  A d) x  A
4 2 
5
c) 3A, d) A,
40. In a simple pendulum of length  the bob is pulled 6 3
aside from its equilibrium position through an angle
44. Out of the following functions representing motion
 and then released. The bob passes through the
of a particle which represents SHM :
equilibrium position with speed :
1) y  sin t  cos t
a) 2g sin  b) 2g(1  cos )
2) y  sin 3 t
c) 2g d) 2g(1  cos )
 3 
41. A wooden block performs SHM on a frictionless 3) y  5cos   3t 
surface with frequency v0. The block carries a  4 
charge +Q on its surface. If now a uniform
4) y  1  wt   t
2 2

electric field E is switched on as shown, then
a) only (1)
the SHM of the block will be :
b) only (4) does not represent SHM
c) only (1) and (3) d) only (1) and (2)
45. The damping force on an oscillator is directly
proportional to the velocity. The units of the con
tant of proportionality are :
a) kg m s–1 b) kg m s–2
a) of the same frequency and with shifted mean c) kg s–1 d) kg s
position
46. If a simple pendulum has significant amplitude
b) of the same frequency and with same mean (up to a factor of 1/e of original) only in the period
position between t = 0 s to t =  s, then  may be called
c) of changed frequency and with shifted mean the average life of the pendulum. When the
position spherical bob of the pendulum suffers a retardation
d) of changed frequency and with same mean (due to viscous drag) :
position
2 0.693
42. Two waves are represented by the equations, a) b)
b b
y1  a sin(t  kx  0.57)m and c) b d) 1 / b

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47. This question has Statement 1 & Statement 2. When the speed of the particle is 0.5 u0, it collides
Of thefour choices given after the Statements, elastically with a rigid wall. After this collision :
choose the one that best describes the two a) the speed of the particle when it returns to its
Statements. equilibrium position is u0
If two springs S1 and S2 of force constants k1 b) the time at which the particle passes through
and k2, respectively are stretched by the same the equilibrium position for the first time is
force, it is found that more work is done on spring
S1 than on spring S2. m
t
Statement 1. If stretched by the same amount, k
work done on S1, will be more than that on S2. c) the time at which the maximum compression
Statement 2. k1 < k2 4 m
a) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, of the spring occurs is t 
3 k
Statement 2 is not the correct explanation of
Statement 1 d) the time at which the particle passes through
the equilibrium position for the second time is
b) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true
c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false 5t m
t
d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, 3 k
Statement 2 is the correct explanation of 51. The oscillation of a body on a smooth horizontal
Statement 1 surface is represented by the equation,
48. The amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases X  A cos(t)
to 0.9 times its original magnitude in 5 s. In another
10 s it will decrease to  times its original Where, X = displacement at time t
magnitude where  equals :  = frequency of oscillation
a) 0.6 b) 0.7 which one of the following graphs shows correctly
c) 0.81 d) 0.729 the variation 'a' with 't' ?
49. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical
container supports a freely moving piston of mass
a)
M. The piston and the cylinder have equal cross
sectional area A. When the piston is in equilibrium,
the volume of the gas is V0 and its pressure is P0.
The piston is slightly displaced from the
b)
equilibrium position and released. Assuming that
the system is completely isolated from its
surrounding, the piston executes a simple
harmonic motion with frequency :
c)
1 MV0 1 AP0
a) 2 AP b) 2 V M
0 0

1 V0 MP0 1 A 2 P0 d)
c) d)
2 A 2 MV0
50. A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a Here a = acceleration at time t
massless spring of force constant k, lying on a T = time period.
frictionless horizontal plane. The other end of the 52. A particle moves with simple harmonic motion in
spring is fixed. The particle starts moving a straight line. In first  s, after starting from rest
horizontally from its equilibrium position at time it travels a distance a, and in next  s it travels 2a,
t = 0 with an initial velocity u0. in same direction, then :

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a) amplitude of motion is 3a 56. For a simple pendulum, a graph is plotted between

b) time period of oscillations is 8 its kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE)
against its displacement d. Which one of the
c) amplitude of motion is 4a
following represents these comectly ?
d) time period of oscillations is 6
[graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale]
53. A particle is executing SHM along a straight line.
Its velocities at distances x1 and x2 from the mean
position are V1 & V2, respectively. Its time period
is :
a)
V V
2 2
V V2 1
a) 2 1 2
b) 2 1 2

x x
1
2 2
2
x x
2
1
2
2

x12  x 22 x 22  x12
c) 2 d) 2
V12  V22 V12  V22
54. When two displacements represented by
y1  a sin(t) and y 2  b cos(t) b)
are superimposed the motion is :

a) simple harmonic with amplitude a 2  b2

(a  b)
b) simple harmonic with amplitude
2 c)
c) not a simple harmonic
a
d) simple harmonic with amplitude
b
55. A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross d)
sectional area A has time period T. When an
57. A particle is executing a simple harmonic motion.
additional mass M is added to its bob, the time
Its maximum acceleration is  and maximum
period changes to TM. If the Young's modulus of
velocity is . Then, its time period of vibration
1 will be :
the material of the wire is Y then is equal to :
Y
2 2
[g = gravitational acceleration] a) b)
 
  TM 2  A
a) 1   2 
  c) d)
  T   Mg 2 

  T 2  A 
b) 1    
  TM   Mg

 TM  2  A
c)    1
 T   Mg

 T  2  Mg
d)  M   1
 T   A

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Brain Teasers
yx yx
a) 2 b) 2
1. Which of the following is simple harmonic g g
function ?
a) y  Aet y x
c) 2 d) 2
g g
b) y  Ae(1t)
6. In the above question what is the time period for
 b horizontal oscillations ?
c) (a 2  b 2 )1/ 2 sin t  tan 1 
 a
yx yx
a) 2 b) 2
 1 b 
g g
d) (a  b ) tan t  sin
2 2

 a 
y x
2. Which of the following is not simple harmonic c) 2 d) 2
g g
function ?
a) y  a sin 2t  b cos 2t 7. The time period of a SHM is 16 seconds. It starts
its motion from the equilibrium position. After two
b) y  a sin 2t  b cos t seconds its velocity is  m/s. What is its
c) y  (a 2  b 2 )1/ 2 sin t  cos t displacement amplitude ?

a) 2m b) 2 2 m
d) y  1  2sin 2 t
3. Two particles are executing SHM of same c) 4 2 m d) 8 2 m
amplitude and frequency along the same straight 8. Two pendulums of lengths  metre and 16 metres
line path. They pass each other when going in start vibrating one behind the other on the same
opposite directions, each time their displacement stand with the same amplitude. At t = 0 both are
is half of their amplitude. What is the phase at mean position and in the same phase. After,
difference between them ? what minimum time will they again be one behind
the other and in the same phase ? Given that the
 5
a) b) time period of shorter pendulum is T.
6 6
T 2T
 2 a) b)
c) d) 3 3
3 3
4. A particle of mass 100 g is executing SHM with 4T
c) T d)
amplitude of 10 cm. When the particle passes 3
through the mean position at t = 0 its kinetic energy 9. The angular frequency and amplitude of a simple
is 8 mJ. What is the equation of simple harmonic pendulum are  and A respectively. At the
motion if initial phase is zero ? displacement y from the mean position, the kinetic
a) y  0.1cos 4t b) y  0.1sin 4t energy is K and potential energy is U. What is

c) y  0.1cos 2t d) y  0.1sin 2t K
the ratio ?
U
5. A mass m is attached to a rigid support and
oscillates in vertical plane. The mean position of a) MA 2 2 sin 2 t
the mass is at a distance y from the point of
suspension. If the spring oscillates in the horizontal b) MA 2 2 cos 2 t
plane, the mean position' of mass is at a distance
(A 2  y 2 ) y2
x from the mean position. What is the time period c) d)
y2 (A  y 2 )
2
of oscillations in case of vertical oscillations ?

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10. A simple pendulum of length  has maximum 15. In question 13, what is the maximum value of
angular displacement . The kinetic energy of kinetic energy of the oscillator ?
the pendulum at the mean position will be : a) 0.01 J b) 0.03 J
1 c) 0.04 J d) none of the above
a) mg cos 
2 16. Which of the following curves represents correctly
b) mg cos  the oscillation given by :

1
c) mg(1  cos )
2
d) mg(1  cos )
11. A simple pendulum with length  and bob of mass
m is executing SHM of small amplitude A. The
maximum tension in the string will be : a) B b) C
c) A d) D
  A 2 
a) 2 mg b) mg 1     17. Figure below gives the displacement (s) versus
     time (t) curves for two waves A and B in the
2 I(A)
  A   A same medium. Their intensity ratio is :
c) mg 1     d) mg 1   I(B)
     
12. What is the relation between particle velocity (),
the wave velocity (c) and the slope (S) of the
wave ?
a)   cS b) c  S
c) 2  c 2S d) c 2  2S 9 3
a) b)
16 4
GRAPHICAL BANK
9 3
13. The variation of the potential energy of a harmonic c) d)
4 2
oscillator is as shown in the figure below.
18. The bob of a simple pendulum is replaced by a
magnet. The oscillations are set along length of
the magnet. If a copper coil is now added so that
one pole of the magnet passes in and out of it,
and the coil is short-circuited, the effect will be :

What is the force constant of the oscillator if

amplitude of oscillations is 20 mm ?
a) 1 Nm–1 b) 1.5 Nm–1
c) 100 Nm–1 d) 150 Nm–1
14. In the above question what is the value of total a) increase of amplitude
energy of the oscillator ? b) decrease of period
a) 0.01 J b) 0·03 J c) no effect on period
c) 0.04 J d) none of the above d) quicker dying of oscillations

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19. Two small balls P and Q are suspended from

inextensible strings of equal lengths '' each. The
ball P is raised up to the suspension point. The
ball Q with a taught spring is displaced by a small
amount so that its oscillation may be regarded as
simple harmonic. They are let go simultaneously.
The ratio of their time period will be :

2
a) 2  b)


2 2
c) 2 2  d)



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Answer Key
MH Text Book Based MCQ's
01. (c) 21. (b) 41. (a) 61. (a) 81. (c) 101. (c) 121. (b)
02. (d) 22. (a) 42. (b) 62. (c) 82. (d) 102. (d) 122. (b)
03. (c) 23. (d) 43. (a) 63. (d) 83. (c) 103. (c) 123. (c)
04. (c) 24. (d) 44. (b) 64. (c) 84. (b) 104. (c) 124. (d)
05. (c) 25. (b) 45. (c) 65. (a) 85. (a) 105. (a) 125. (d)
06. (d) 26. (d) 46. (a) 66. (b) 86. (d) 106. (c) 126. (b)
07. (a) 27. (b) 47. (a) 67. (c) 87. (d) 107. (c) 127. (b)
08. (b) 28. (c) 48. (b) 68. (a) 88. (a) 108. (b) 128. (a)
09. (c) 29. (d) 49. (d) 69. (b) 89. (b) 109. (d) 129. (b)
10. (c) 30. (a) 50. (b) 70. (d) 90. (b) 110. (a) 130. (d)
11. (d) 31. (b) 51. (c) 71. (b) 91. (b) 111. (a) 131. (b)
12. (b) 32. (a) 52. (d) 72. (a) 92. (d) 112. (c) 132. (c)
13. (d) 33. (a) 53. (c) 73. (b) 93. (d) 113. (b)
14. (b) 34. (c) 54. (d) 74. (a) 94. (b) 114. (b)
15. (b) 35. (d) 55. (a) 75. (c) 95. (a) 115. (b)
16. (b) 36. (c) 56. (d) 76. (a) 96. (d) 116. (b)
17. (a) 37. (c) 57. (c) 77. (d) 97. (a) 117. (d)
18. (d) 38. (b) 58. (b) 78. (d) 98. (b) 118. (b)
19. (b) 39. (b) 59. (a) 79. (a) 99. (c) 119. (b)
20. (d) 40. (d) 60. (a) 80. (a) 100. (a) 120. (c)

REVISION QUESTIONS from Competitive Exams.

01. (a) 10. (a) 19. (b) 28. (b) 37. (b) 46. (a) 55. (c)
02. (b) 11. (a) 20. (a) 29. (c) 38. (b) 47. (b) 56. (d)
03. (d) 12. (a) 21. (b) 30. (a) 39. (d) 48. (d) 57. (b)
04. (b) 13. (a) 22. (a) 31. (b) 40. (d) 49. (d)
05. (d) 14. (a) 23. (b) 32. (d) 41. (a) 50. (d)
06. (b) 15. (d) 24. (a) 33. (d) 42. (a) 51. (c)
07. (b) 16. (d) 25. (d) 34. (a) 43. (b) 52. (d)
08. (a) 17. (c) 26. (a) 35. (a) 44. (c) 53. (d)
09. (c) 18. (c) 27. (a) 36. (b) 45. (c) 54. (a)

BRAIN TEASERS
01. (c) 04. (b) 07. (d) 10. (d) 13. (d) 16. (d) 19. (d)
02. (b) 05. (a) 08. (d) 11. (b) 14. (c) 17. (a)
03. (d) 06. (a) 09. (c) 12. (a) 15. (b) 18. (d)

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