1.

 A half-wavelength, close section of a waveguide that acts as a parallel

resonant circuit is known as a(n) :

 (a) half-wave section

 (b)  cavity resonator

 (c)  directional coupler

 (d) LCR circuit

Answer : (b)

2. The cavity resonator :

 (a)  is equivalent to an LC resonant circuit

 (b)  in a reflect klystron has its output taken from the reflector plate

 (c)  produces a frequency which is independent of the cavity size

 (d)  has a low Q factor for narrow operation

Answer : (a)

3. The reflex klystron is often preferred to the two cavity klystron oscillator
because the former :
  (a)  Is more efficient

 (b) Has higher number of modes

 (c)  Is easier to tune

 (d)  Produces a higher output power

Answer : (c)

4. Which of the following is not an application of microwave cavities :

 (a)  Band pass filter

 (b)  Band stop filter

 (c)  Oscillator frequency control

 (d)  Detector

Answer : (d)

5. Which microwave tube uses for buncher and catcher cavities ?

 (a)  Magnetron

 (b) Klystron
  (c)  Reflex Klystron

 (d)  Travelling-wave-tube

Answer : (b)

6. Strapping is used in cavity magnetron to :

 (a)  Ensure bunching

 (b)  Prevent cathode-back heating

 (c)  Both a and b

 (d)  Prevent mode jumping

Answer : (d)

1. Slotted line is a transmission line configuration that allows the sampling of:
a) electric field amplitude of a standing wave on a terminated line
b) magnetic field amplitude of a standing wave on a terminated line
c) voltage used for excitation
d) current that is generated by the source
 Answer: a
Explanation: Slotted line allows the sampling of the electric field amplitude of a
standing wave on a terminated line. With this device, SWR and the distance of
the first voltage minimum from the load can be measured, from this data, load
impedance can be found.

2. A slotted line can be used to measure _____ and the distance of

_____________ from the load.
a) SWR, first voltage minimum
b) SWR, first voltage maximum
c) characteristic impedance, first voltage minimum
d) characteristic impedance, first voltage maximum

Answer: a
Explanation: With a slotted line, SWR and the distance of the first voltage
minimum from the load can be measured, from this data, load impedance can be
found.

3. A modern device that replaces a slotted line is:

a) Digital CRO
b) generators
c) network analyzers
d) computers

Answer: c
Explanation: Although slotted lines used to be the principal way of measuring
unknown impedance at microwave frequencies, they have largely been
superseded by the modern network analyzer in terms of accuracy, versatility and
convenience.

4. If the standing wave ratio for a transmission line is 1.4, then the reflection
coefficient for the line is:
a) 0.16667
b) 1.6667
c) 0.01667
d) 0.96

Answer: a
Explanation: ┌= (SWR-1)/ (SWR+1). Substituting for SWR in the above equation
for reflection co-efficient, given SWR is 1.4, reflection co-efficient is 0.16667.

5. If the reflection coefficient of a transmission line is 0.4, then the standing wave
ratio is:
 a) 1.3333
b) 2.3333
c) 0.4
d) 0.6

Answer: b
Explanation: SWR= (1+┌)/ (1-┌). Where ┌ is the reflection co-efficient.
Substituting for the reflection co-efficient in the equation, SWR is 2.3333.

6. In the expression for phase of the reflection coefficient, L min stands for :

a) distance between load and first voltage minimum
b) distance between load and first voltage maximum
c) distance between consecutive minimas
d) distance between a minima and immediate maxima

Answer: a
Explanation: Lmin is defined as the distance between the terminating load of a
transmission line and the first voltage minimum that occurs in the transmission
line due to reflection of waves from the load end due to mismatched termination.

7. If SWR=1.5 with a wavelength of 4 cm and the distance between load and first
minima is 1.48cm, then the reflection coefficient is:
a) 0.0126+j0.1996
b) 0.0128
c) 0.26+j0.16
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: a
Explanation: ┌= (SWR-1)/ (SWR+1). Substituting for SWR in the above equation
for reflection co-efficient, magnitude of the reflection co-efficient is 0.2. To find θ,
θ=π+2βLmin, substituting Lmin as 1.48cm, θ=86.4⁰. Hence converting the polar form
of the reflection co-efficient into rectangular co-ordinates, reflection co-efficient is
0.0126+j0.1996.

8. If the characteristic impedance of a transmission line 50 Ω and reflection

coefficient is 0.0126+j0.1996, then load impedance is:
a) 47.3+j19.7Ω
b) 4.7+j1.97Ω
c) 0.26+j0.16
d) data insufficient
 Answer: a
Explanation: ZL=Z0 (1+┌)/ (1-┌). Substituting the given values of reflection co-
efficient and characteristic impedance, ZL is 47.3+j19.7Ω .

9. If the normalized load impedance of a transmission line is 2, then the reflection

co-efficient is:
a) 0.33334
b) 1.33334
c) 0
d) 1

Answer: a
Explanation: ZL=Z0 (1+┌)/ (1-┌), this is the expression for load impedance.
Normalized load impedance is the ratio of load impedance to the characteristic
impedance, taking ZLL/Z0 as 2, the reflection co-efficient is equal to 0.33334.

1. Microwave resonators can be constructed from open sections of waveguide.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: For resonance to occur in waveguides, a closed structure is
required. They resonate between the walls of the rectangular waveguide. Also
radiation loss from an open ended waveguide can be significant.

2. There is no energy stored inside a rectangular waveguide cavity resonator.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Energy is stored in a waveguide resonator in the form of electric
field and magnetic field. Power is dissipated in the metallic walls of the cavity as
well as in the dielectric material that may fill the cavity.

3. A rectangular cavity supports:

a) TEM mode of resonance
b) TM mode of resonance
c) TE mode of resonance
d) TE, TM modes of resonance

Answer: d
Explanation: A rectangular wave guide supports both TE and TEM mode of
 propagation. Likewise, when a rectangular waveguide is used as resonator, it
supports both TE and TM modes of resonance.

4. A waveguide is open circuited at both the ends to use it as a waveguide

resonator.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: A closed cavity structure is required in order to bring resonance in
the rectangular cavity. Also open ended waveguides result in radiation losses.
Hence the waveguide is short circuited to form a resonator.

5. In order to obtain the resonant frequency of a rectangular waveguide, the closed

cavity has to satisfy:
a) Gaussian equation
b) Helmholtz equation
c) Ampere’s law
d) None of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Helmholtz wave equation is considered and solved using variable
separable form. Then the boundary conditions are applied to the wave equation
considering the walls of the cavity. Solving this gives the expression for resonant
frequency.

6. Given the dimension of the waveguide as b<a<d, no resonant mode exists for
this specification of dimensions.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: For the given dimensional specification b<a<d, the dominant
resonant mode (lowest resonant frequency) will be the TE101 mode,
corresponding to the TE10 dominant waveguide mode in a shorted guide of
length λg/2.

7. Unloaded Q of a rectangular waveguide cavity resonator:

a) Does not exist
b) Defined as the ratio of length of the waveguide to breadth of the waveguide
c) Defined as the ratio of stored energy to the power dissipated in the walls
d) None of the mentioned
 Answer: c
Explanation: Quality factor signifies the power loss in the circuit. It is defined as
the ratio of stored energy to the power dissipated in the walls. Higher the power
dissipation in the walls, lower is the quality factor of the waveguide resonator.

8. Find the wave number of a rectangular cavity resonator filled with a dielectric of
2.25 and designed to operate at a frequency of 5 GHz.
a) 157.08
b) 145.2
c) 345.1
d) 415.08

Answer: a
Explanation: The wave number of rectangular wave resonator is 2πf√∈r/C,
substituting the given values in the above equation, the wave number of the
rectangular cavity resonator is 157.08.

9. The required length of the cavity resonator for l=1 mode (m=1, n=0) given that
the wave number of the cavity resonator is 157.01 and the broader dimension of
the waveguide is 4.755 cm:
a) 1.10 cm
b) 2.20 cm
c) 2.8 cm
d) 1.8 cm

Answer: b
Explanation: The required length of the cavity resonator for the given mode is
given by the expression d=lπ/√(k>sup>2-(π/a)2. Substituting the given values in
the equation, the required length of the waveguide is 2.20 cm.

10. If the loss tangent of a rectangular waveguide is 0.0004, then Q due to dielectric
loss is:
a) 1250
b) 2450
c) 2500
d) 1800

Answer: c
Explanation: Q of a rectangular waveguide due to dielectric loss is given by
1/tanδ. Substituting for tanδ in the above equation, Q due to dielectric loss is
2500.