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Introduction To Chemical Engneering: Prepared by Fariza/05092016/Fkk/Uitm

This chapter discusses basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering. It covers topics such as units and dimensions, conversion of units, open and closed systems, material balance concepts, steady and unsteady states, and reactive and non-reactive systems. Dimension is a measure of a physical variable without units, while a unit assigns a number to that dimension. Primary dimensions include mass, length, time, temperature, electric current, and amount of substance. Secondary dimensions are derived from primary ones. Conversion factors allow changing between different units. Scientific notation is used for large and small numbers. Significant figures indicate the accuracy of measurements. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated based on mass and energy transfer across boundaries.

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82 views32 pages

Introduction To Chemical Engneering: Prepared by Fariza/05092016/Fkk/Uitm

This chapter discusses basic principles and calculations in chemical engineering. It covers topics such as units and dimensions, conversion of units, open and closed systems, material balance concepts, steady and unsteady states, and reactive and non-reactive systems. Dimension is a measure of a physical variable without units, while a unit assigns a number to that dimension. Primary dimensions include mass, length, time, temperature, electric current, and amount of substance. Secondary dimensions are derived from primary ones. Conversion factors allow changing between different units. Scientific notation is used for large and small numbers. Significant figures indicate the accuracy of measurements. Systems can be open, closed, or isolated based on mass and energy transfer across boundaries.

Uploaded by

Student Keek
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CPE420

INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGNEERING


Prepared by FARIZA\05092016\FKK\UiTM
CHAPTER 3:
Chemical Engineering Basic Principles and Calculations
OUTCOME:

At the end of this chapter, you are be able


to:
Apply the basic principles of
mass balance
TOPICS:
1. Unit and dimension
2. Conversion of units
3. System-Open & Closed System
4. The concept of material balance
5. Choosing a basis
6. Steady state and unsteady state
7. Introduction to reactive and non reactive system
9. Introduction to recycle, by-pass and purge
UNIT &
DIMENSION
UNITS & DIMENSION
A dimension is a measure of a
physical variable (without
numerical values), while a unit is a
way to assign a number or
measurement to that dimension.

For example, length is


a dimension, but it is measured
in units of feet (ft) or meters (m).
UNITS & DIMENSION

Primary

Dimension
Secondary
UNITS & DIMENSION
Primary (sometimes called basic) dimensions are
defined as independent or fundamental
dimensions, from which other dimensions can
be obtained All other dimensions can be derived as
combinations of the primary
dimensions. These are
called secondary dimensions, with
their corresponding secondary units.
UNITS & DIMENSION

Primary Unit
Unit
Secondary Unit
UNITS & DIMENSION
Primary Dimension Symbol SI unit
mass m (sometimes M) kg (kilogram)
length L (sometimes l) m (meter)
time t (sometimes T) s (second)
temperature T (sometimes q ) K (Kelvin)
electric current I (sometimes i) A (ampere)
amount of matter n or N (sometimes ) mol (mole)
UNITS & DIMENSION
Secondary Symbol SI unit
Dimension
force F (sometimes f) N (Newton = kg m/s2)
acceleration a m/s2
pressure p or P N/m2, i.e. Pa (Pascal)

energy E (sometimes e) J (Joule = N m)


power P W (watt = J/s)
CONVERSION
OF UNIT
UNIT CONVERSION

Unit systems:
• the International System of Units (SI units, from Le
Systeme International d’Unites, more commonly simply
called metric units)

• the English Engineering System of Units (commonly


called English units)
SI PREFIXES
UNIT CONVERSION
You need what is known as

“Conversion
Factor”
UNIT CONVERSION
For example:

Express 43cm in inches.

1 in 2.54 cm
Conversion Conversion
Factor factor
selected
1 𝑖𝑛 43
43 𝑐𝑚 = 𝑖𝑛
2.54 𝑐𝑚 2.54

= 16.93 in
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

• Both very large and very small numbers are


commonly encountered in process calculations.
• A convenient way to represent such numbers is to
use scientific notation.

• Examples: 123,000,000 = 1.23 x 108 (or 0.123 x


109)
SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the
required degree of accuracy, starting from the first nonzero digit.

Example:
2300 or 2.3 x 103 (2 significant figures)
2300. or 2.300 x 103 (4 significant figures)
2300.0 or 2.3000 x 103 (5 significant figures)
0.035 or 3.5 x 10-2 (2 significant figures)
0.003500 or 3.500 x 10-2 (4 significant figures)
SYSTEM
System
Closed & Open Systems

Mass Out
Energy In Energy Out Energy In Energy Out
Mass In

SYSTEM
Closed, Open and Isolated Systems
Properties of a System
A system is
characterized based
on its properties
such as its
Temperature,
Pressure, Volume,
density, mass etc
ANY QUESTION?

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