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buildingsummary-PROGELLA AND SAGADAL

This document discusses the process of laying out building foundations, including establishing horizontal and vertical controls, using batter boards and offset pegs, and extending layout lines. It describes laying out rectangular and irregular building sites by first establishing a baseline and outer borders, then positioning additional points. The key steps for extending layout lines are outlined, including erecting batter boards and stretching chalk lines between stakes. Provisions for wider foundation walls that extend beyond the building are also mentioned.

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45 views3 pages

buildingsummary-PROGELLA AND SAGADAL

This document discusses the process of laying out building foundations, including establishing horizontal and vertical controls, using batter boards and offset pegs, and extending layout lines. It describes laying out rectangular and irregular building sites by first establishing a baseline and outer borders, then positioning additional points. The key steps for extending layout lines are outlined, including erecting batter boards and stretching chalk lines between stakes. Provisions for wider foundation walls that extend beyond the building are also mentioned.

Uploaded by

Lean Balingata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Progella, Aldrin BSCE-5A

Ryan Sagadal

Layout for Construction of Buildings

Layout of a building or a structure shows the plan of its foundation on the ground surface
according to its drawings, so that excavation can be carried out exactly where required and
position and orientation of the building is exactly specified. It is set out according to foundation
plan drawings and specifications provided by the engineer or an architect.

BASELINE

A baseline is a straight reference line with respect to which corners of the building are
located on the ground. It may be outer boundary of a road or curb or boundary of the area or
simply a line joining any two points.

Two types of Controls


HORIZONTAL CONTROLS
Horizontal controls are the points that have known co-ordinates with respect to a specific
point. These points are then used to locate other points such as corners of a layout using various
techniques. There should be plenty of control points so that each point of foundation plan can be
located precisely on the ground.

VERTICAL CONTROLS
In order that design points on the works can be positioned at their correct levels, vertical
control points of known elevation relative to some specified vertical datum are established. In
practice, 20mm diameter steel bolts and 100mmlong,   with known reduce levels driven into
existing steps, ledges, footpaths etc. may serve as vertical controls.

BATTERBOARDS AND OFFSET PEGS


Once points specifying the layout are located on ground pegs are driven in the ground at that
spot. Once excavations for foundations begin, the corner pegs will be lost. To avoid these extra
pegs called offset pegs are used. Batter boards are normally erected near each offset peg and are
used to relocate the points after the excavation has been done.

LAYING OUT A RECTANGULAR BUILDING SITE


Starting from a baseline (line AB in Figure 4-1) that is parallel to construction, establish
the maximum outer borders (AB, CD, AC, BD) of the building area
LAYING OUT AN IRREGULAR BUILDING SITE
Where the outline of the building is other than a rectangle, the procedure in establishing
each point is the same as defined for laying out a simple rectangle. However, more points have to
be positioned, and the final proving of the work is more likely to disclose a small error. When the
building is an irregular shape, it is sensible to first lay out a large rectangle which will includes
the entire building or the greater part of it. This is shown in Figure 4-2 as HOPQ When this is
established, the remaining portion of the layout will consist of small rectangles, each of which
can be laid out and shown separately. These rectangles are shown as LMNP ABCQ, DEFG, and
IJKO in Figure.

EXTENDING LINES
Since the corner pegs of the building are to be removed during excavation these points are
transferred outside that periphery by extending lines and driving pegs in the ground. The
following procedure applies to a simple layout as shown in Figure 4-4, page 4-4, and must be
amended to apply to different or more complex layout problems:

 Step 1: After locating and dipping stakes A and B. erect batter boards
 1, 2, 3, and 4. Extend a chalk line (X) from batter board 1 to batter
 board 3, over stakes A and B.
 Step 2: After locating and dipping stake C, erect batter boards 5 and
 Extend chalk line Y from batter board 2 over stakes A and C to
 batter board 6.
 Step 3: After locating and dipping stake D, erect batter boards 7 and
 Extend chalk line Z from batter board 5 to batter board 7, over
 stakes C and D.
 Step 4: Extend line O from batter board 8 to batter board 4, over stakes D and B.
Where foundation walls are wide at the bottom and extend beyond the outside dimensions of
the building, the excavation must be larger than the laid-out size. To lay out dimensions of this
excavation, measure out as far as required from the building line on each batter board and stretch
lines between these points, outside the first layout.

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