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2 Week 2 Module PPD Problem Interactions

This document provides an overview of key concepts in power plant engineering across 10 modules: 1. It introduces power plant elements like fuels, combustion, thermodynamics, and engines. Example problems calculate air-fuel ratios and compression ratios. 2. It then covers variable load problems, calculating reserve capacity given average load and factors. 3. Example problems apply concepts like the ideal gas law to calculate quantities like moles of air or pressure/temperature changes. 4. The document concludes with an overview of power plant design types like diesel, gas turbine, steam, and hydroelectric plants. Example problems calculate outputs like brake power or mass flow rates.

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343 views33 pages

2 Week 2 Module PPD Problem Interactions

This document provides an overview of key concepts in power plant engineering across 10 modules: 1. It introduces power plant elements like fuels, combustion, thermodynamics, and engines. Example problems calculate air-fuel ratios and compression ratios. 2. It then covers variable load problems, calculating reserve capacity given average load and factors. 3. Example problems apply concepts like the ideal gas law to calculate quantities like moles of air or pressure/temperature changes. 4. The document concludes with an overview of power plant design types like diesel, gas turbine, steam, and hydroelectric plants. Example problems calculate outputs like brake power or mass flow rates.

Uploaded by

GodisGood AlltheTime
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

WEEK 2 MODULE
I. POWER PLANT ELEMENTS
1. Fuels and Combustion
2. Variable Load Problems
3. Thermodynamics
4. Internal Combustion Engines
5. Heat Transfer
1.Fuels and Combustion
Review Problem No.1
A diesel power plant consumes 650 liters of fuel at
26°C in 24 hours. Find the fuel rate in kg/hr.
Solution to Review Problem No.1
1.Fuels and Combustion
Practice Problem No. 1
A boiler burns fuel oil with 15% excess air. The fuel oil
may be represented by C14H30. Calculate the molal air
fuel ratio.

Answer. 117.69 mol of air/ mol of fuel


2.Variable Load Problems
Review Problem No.2
A power plant has a use factor of 50% and a
capacity factor of 44%. How many hours did it operate
during the year?
Solution to Review Problem No.2
2.Variable Load Problems
Practice Problem No. 2
A 50 MW power plant has an average load of
31,500 KW and a load factor of 70%. Find the reserve
over peak.

Answer. 5MW
3.Thermodynamics
Review Problem No.3
A bicycle has a volume of 600 cm3. It is inflated
with carbon dioxide to pressure of 80 psi at 20oC. How
many grams of carbon dioxide are contained in the
tire?
Solution to Review Problem No.3
M = molecular weight of CO2 = 12 + 2(16) = 44
R = 8.314/44 = 0.189 KJ/kg-K
V = 600 cm3/1003 = 0.0006 m3
P = 80 psi x 101.325/14.7 = 551.43 kpa
T = 20 + 273 = 293 K
PV = mRT
(551.43)(0.0006) = m(0.189)(293)
m = 0.00598 kg
m = 5.98 grams
3.Thermodynamics
Practice Problem No. 3
During the polytropic process of an ideal gas, the
state changes from 20 psia and 40oF to 120 psia and
340oF. Determine the value of n.

Answer. 1.355
4.Internal Combustion Engines
Review Problem No.4
A diesel engine is operating on a 4-stroke cycle,
has a heat rate of 11,315.6 KJ/KW-hr brake. The
compression ratio is 13. The cut-off ratio is 2. Using k =
1.32, what is the brake engine efficiency?
Solution to Review Problem No.4
4.Internal Combustion Engines
Practice Problem No. 4
An engine operates on the air standard Otto cycle. The
cycle work is 900 KJ/kg, the maximum cycle temperature is
3000oC and the temperature at the end of isentropic
compression is 600oC. Determine the engines compression
ratio.

Answer. 6.388
5.Heat Transfer
Review Problem No.5
Two walls of cold storage plant are composed of
an insulating material (k = 0.25 KJ/hr-m-oC) 100mm
thick at the outer layer and material (k = 3.5 KJ/hr-m-
oC) 15 cm thick at inner layer. If the surface

temperature at the cold side is 30oC and hot side is


250oC, find the heat transmitted per square meter.
Solution to Review Problem No.5
5.Heat Transfer
Practice Problem No. 5
Sea water for cooling enters a condenser at 27oC
and leaves at 37oC. The condenser temperature is 45oC,
what is the log mean temperature difference?

Answer. 12.33 deg C


II. POWER PLANT DESIGN
1. Diesel Engine Power Plant
2. Gas Turbine Power Plant
3. Steam Power Plant
4. Hydro-electric Power Plant
5. Geothermal Power Plant
1.Diesel Engine Power Plant
Review Problem No.6
A 4-stroke 394 mm bore and 534 mm stroke single
acting diesel engine with four cylinders is guaranteed to
deliver 350 BHp at 300 rpm. The engine consumed 66.8
kg/hr fuel with a heating value of 44,251 KJ/kg.
Calculate indicated mean effective pressure in KPa if
mechanical efficiency is 89%.
Solution to Review Problem No.6
1.Diesel Engine Power Plant
Practice Problem No. 6
A six cylinder four stroke diesel engine with 76 mm
bore and 89 mm stroke was run in the laboratory at
2000 rpm. The engine consumed 137.4 kg of air at
15.5oC per hour. Determine the volumetric efficiency of
air only.

Answer. 77.23%
2.Gas Turbine Power Plant
Review Problem No.7
An air-standard Brayton cycle has an air leaving the
high-temperature heat exchanger at 850oC and leaving
the turbine at 310o. What is the thermal efficiency?
Solution to Review Problem No.7
2.Gas Turbine Power Plant
Practice Problem No. 7
The compressor for an actual gas turbine requires 300
KJ/kg of work to quadruple the inlet pressure. The inlet
air temperature is 100oc. Determine the compressor air
exit temperature.

Answer. 673 deg K


3.Steam Power Plant
Review Problem No.8
Steam enters the turbine at the rate of 2.5 kg/sec
with enthalpy of 3200 KJ/kg and exhaust enthalpy of
1100 KJ/kg. Steam is extracted from the turbine at the
rate of 1 kg/sec for heating purposes with enthalpy of
2750 KJ/kg. What is the turbine work?
Solution to Review Problem No.8
3.Steam Power Plant
Practice Problem No. 8
A steam turbine has an entrance enthalpy of 3400
KJ/kg and 2500 KJ/kg at exit. If generator generates
2430 KW and has 90% efficiency what is the mass of
steam entering the turbine?

Answer. 10,800kg/hr
4.Hydro-electric Power Plant
Review Problem No.9
In a hydro-electric plant the brake power is 1800
KW running at 450 rpm and net head of 30 m.
Determine the specific speed of the turbine.
Solution to Review Problem No.9
4.Hydro-electric Power Plant
Practice Problem No. 9
The penstock of hydro-electric plant is 0.5x0.5 m
with velocity of 5.5 m/sec has a head of 20 m. What is
the output of the turbine if the turbine efficiency is
87%?

Answer. 234.70kW
5.Geothermal Power Plant
Review Problem No.10
Mass flow rate of ground water in a geothermal
power plant is 1,500,000kg/hr and the quality after
throttling is 30%. Determine the brake power of turbine
if the change of enthalpy of steam at inlet and outlet is
700 KJ/kg.
Solution to Review Problem No.10
ms = xmg
ms = 0.3(1,500,00)
ms = 450,000 kg/hr
ms = 125kg/sec
WT = ms(h3-h4)
WT = 125(700)
WT = 87500 KW
WT = 87.5 MW
5.Geothermal Power Plant
Practice Problem No. 10
Ground water of geothermal power plant has an
enthalpy of 700 KJ/kg and at turbine inlet is 2750 KJ/kg
and enthalpy of hot water in flash tank is 500 KJ/kg.
What is the mass of the steam flow entering the
turbine if mass flow of ground water is 45 kg/sec?

Answer. 4kg/s

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