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Science Class Notes

Science is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge through testable explanations and predictions about the universe. The earliest roots of science began in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia between 3500-3000 BCE, with formal attempts to provide natural explanations of physical events entering Greek philosophy. After declining during the Middle Ages, Greek works and Islamic inquiries were recovered and assimilated into Western Europe between the 10th-13th centuries, reviving natural philosophy and later transforming with the Scientific Revolution of the 16th century. Modern science is divided into the natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences, with disagreement on whether formal sciences are truly scientific given their lack of empirical evidence. Science is conducted through research in academic and government institutions and companies.

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55 views1 page

Science Class Notes

Science is a systematic process of acquiring knowledge through testable explanations and predictions about the universe. The earliest roots of science began in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia between 3500-3000 BCE, with formal attempts to provide natural explanations of physical events entering Greek philosophy. After declining during the Middle Ages, Greek works and Islamic inquiries were recovered and assimilated into Western Europe between the 10th-13th centuries, reviving natural philosophy and later transforming with the Scientific Revolution of the 16th century. Modern science is divided into the natural sciences, social sciences, and formal sciences, with disagreement on whether formal sciences are truly scientific given their lack of empirical evidence. Science is conducted through research in academic and government institutions and companies.

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Anon283716768t4uyg3bhjeg
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Science class notes

Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning "knowledge")[1] is a systematic enterprise that builds


and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[2][3][4]
The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to
3000 BCE.[5][6] Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped
Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide
explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.[5][6] After the fall of the Western
Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during
the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages[7] but was preserved in the Muslim
world during the Islamic Golden Age.[8] The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic
inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived "natural philosophy",[7][9] which
was later transformed by the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century[10] as new ideas and
discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions.[11][12][13][14] The scientific
method soon played a greater role in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that
many of the institutional and professional features of science began to take shape;[15][16][17] along with
the changing of "natural philosophy" to "natural science."[18]
Modern science is typically divided into three major branches that consist of the natural
sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, and physics), which study nature in the broadest sense; the social
sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which study individuals and societies; and
the formal sciences (e.g., logic, mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study
abstract concepts. There is disagreement,[19][20][21] however, on whether the formal sciences actually
constitute a science as they do not rely on empirical evidence.[22][20] Disciplines that use existing
scientific knowledge for practical purposes, such as engineering and medicine, are described
as applied sciences.[23][24][25][26]
Science is based on research, which is commonly conducted in academic and research
institutions as well as in government agencies and companies. The practical impact of scientific
research has led to the emergence of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise
by prioritizing the development of commercial products, armaments, health care, and environmental
protection.

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