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What Is Science

What is science

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4 views2 pages

What Is Science

What is science

Uploaded by

chowzuri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science is a systematic discipline that builds and

organises knowledge in the form of


testable hypotheses and predictionsabout the world.[1][2] Modern
science is typically divided into two or three major branches:
[3]
the natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology), which
study the physical world; and the behavioural
sciences (e.g., economics, psychology, and sociology), which
study individuals and societies.[4][5] The formal sciences (e.g., logic,
mathematics, and theoretical computer science), which study formal
systems governed by axioms and rules,[6][7] are sometimes described
as being sciences as well; however, they are often regarded as a
separate field because they rely on deductive reasoning instead of
the scientific method or empirical evidenceas their main
methodology.[8][9] Applied sciences are disciplines that use scientific
knowledge for practical purposes, such
as engineering and medicine.[10][11][12]

The history of science spans the majority of the historical record,


with the earliest written records of identifiable predecessors to
modern science dating to Bronze AgeEgypt and Mesopotamia from
around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to
mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped the
Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal
attempts were made to provide explanations of events in
the physical worldbased on natural causes, while further
advancements, including the introduction of the Hindu–Arabic
numeral system, were made during the Golden Age of India.[13]: 12 [14][15]
[16]
Scientific research deteriorated in these regions after the fall of
the Western Roman Empire during the Early Middle Ages (400 to
1000 CE), but in the Medieval renaissances (Carolingian
Renaissance, Ottonian Renaissance and the Renaissance of the 12th
century) scholarship flourished again. Some Greek manuscripts lost
in Western Europe were preserved and expanded upon in the Middle
East during the Islamic Golden Age,[17] along with the later efforts
of Byzantine Greek scholarswho brought Greek manuscripts from
the dying Byzantine Empire to Western Europe at the start of
the Renaissance.
The recovery and assimilation of Greek works and Islamic
inquiries into Western Europe from the 10th to 13th century revived
"natural philosophy",[18][19][20]which was later transformed by
the Scientific Revolution that began in the 16th century[21] as new
ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions
and traditions.[22][23] The scientific methodsoon played a greater role
in knowledge creation and it was not until the 19th century that
many of the institutional and professional features of science began
to take shape,[24][25] along with the changing of "natural philosophy" to
"natural science".[26]

New knowledge in science is advanced by research from scientists


who are motivated by curiosity about the world and a desire to solve
problems.[27][28] Contemporary scientific research is highly
collaborative and is usually done by teams in academic
and research institutions,[29] government agencies,[30] and companies.
[31]
The practical impact of their work has led to the emergence
of science policies that seek to influence the scientific enterprise by
prioritising the ethical and moral development of commercial
products, armaments, health care, public infrastructure,
and environmental protection.

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