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Intruduction:: Aircraft Engines

Aircraft engines have evolved significantly over time. Early engines included steam engines in the 1900s and rotary engines in the late 1900s. Modern engine types include piston engines like inline, V-type, boxer and radial configurations as well as turbine engines like turboprops and turboshafts. Jet engines include turbojets which use combustion and turbines to propel air out the back for thrust, and more efficient turbofans which have a large fan at the front for additional thrust. Pulse jets are also reaction engines that use combustion to force exhaust gases out the rear.

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Joranas Siminauskas
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37 views2 pages

Intruduction:: Aircraft Engines

Aircraft engines have evolved significantly over time. Early engines included steam engines in the 1900s and rotary engines in the late 1900s. Modern engine types include piston engines like inline, V-type, boxer and radial configurations as well as turbine engines like turboprops and turboshafts. Jet engines include turbojets which use combustion and turbines to propel air out the back for thrust, and more efficient turbofans which have a large fan at the front for additional thrust. Pulse jets are also reaction engines that use combustion to force exhaust gases out the rear.

Uploaded by

Joranas Siminauskas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AIRCRAFT ENGINES

Intruduction:

Aircraft engines are a mechanical component of the propulsion system on an airplane, helicopter, rocket


or drones which produces rotary energy to be transferred to a propeller or kinetic energy as a high
pressure air exhaust stream. And the engines are the most important part for an airfract. Without it the
aircraft would never be as great as it is today.

MOVING ON TO THE SHORT HISTORY OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES

Short History:

We can see that the first human who constructed an engine into a plane was John Stringfellow and that
was an old steam engine which has a very small weight and power ratio

In 1903 Charlie Taylor was the first person which put inline 4 engine into a plane which was almost fully
from aliuminium and was lighter than steam engine

After 5 years in 1908 Louis Seguin designed the world‘s first rotary engine and after one year this engine
was fully produced

In 1940 world saw the first run of turboprop engine and this engine was called Jendrassik Cs-1

And the last fact is that in 1950 Rolls-Royce created a first in the world Rolls-Royce Conway turbofan
engine and entered a service for these engines

MOVING ON TO THE MAIN PART OF MY PRESENTATION

Engine types:

So there are two main types of engines: shaft and reaction. Speaking about shaft engines they are devided
into piston and turbine-powered engines. Reaction engines are also devided into jets and pulse jets.

Shaft engines:

Piston engines are divided into in line, V type, boxer, radial and rotary engines. Now I am going to speak
about each of them.

In line – this means that this typo of engine has a single row of cylinders. The greatest advantage of an
inline engine is that it allows the aircraft to be designed with a low frontal area to minimize drag. The
disadvantages of an inline engine include a poor power-to-weight ratio, because the crankcase and
crankshaft are long and that is why it is heavy. An in-line engine may be either air-cooled or liquid-cooled.

V-type - Cylinders in this engine are arranged in two in-line banks, typically tilted 60–90 degrees apart from
each other and driving a common crankshaft. The vast majority of V engines are water-cooled. The V
design provides a higher power-to-weight ratio than an inline engine, while still providing a small frontal
area.

Boxer – it is also called horizontally opposed engine. It has two banks of cylinders on opposite sides of a
centrally located crankcase. The engine is either air-cooled or liquid-cooled, but air-cooled versions
predominate. Opposed engines are mounted with the crankshaft horizontal in airplanes, but may be
mounted with the crankshaft vertical in helicopters.
Radial engine - This type of engine has one or more rows of cylinders arranged around a centrally located
crankcase. Each row generally has an odd number of cylinders to produce smooth operation. A radial
engine has only one crank throw per row and a relatively small crankcase, resulting in a favorable power-
to-weight ratio.

Rotary engine – rotary engines have the cylinders in a circle as in a radial engine but the main difference
between radial and rotary engines is that in rotary engine a shaft is moving like a rotor in cars rotory
engine.

Speaking further about engines, turbine powered engines are devided into turboprop and turboshaft
engines.
So now I will shortly introduce them to you:

Turboprop – it has high power and low maintenance that a gas turbine engine offered. That‘s how the idea
was born to mate a turbine engine to a traditional propeller. Because gas turbines optimally spin at high
speed, a turboprop features a gearbox to lower the speed of the shaft so that the propeller tips don't reach
supersonic speeds. This is one of a couple aircraft engines that has a gearbox.

Turboshaft - A turboshaft engine is similar to a turboprop in principle, but in a turboprop the propeller is
supported by the engine and the engine is bolted to the airframe: in a turboshaft, the engine does not
provide any direct physical support to the helicopter's rotors. The rotor is connected to a transmission which
is bolted to the airframe, and the turboshaft engine drives the transmission.

Moving further,

jets are divided into turbojet and turbofan.

Turbojet - It consists of a compressor to draw air in and compress it, a combustion section where fuel is
added and ignited, one or more turbines that extract power from the expanding exhaust gases to drive the
compressor, and an exhaust nozzle that accelerates the exhaust gases out the back of the engine to create
thrust.

Turbofan - A turbofan engine is much the same as a turbojet, but with an enlarged fan at the front that
provides thrust in much the same way as a ducted propeller, resulting in improved fuel efficiency.

And the last type of reaction engines that I am going to speak about today are pulse jets.
They are mechanically simple devices that—in a repeating cycle—draw air through a no-return valve at the
front of the engine into a combustion chamber and ignite it. The combustion forces the exhaust gases out
the back of the engine.

All in all, that‘s what I have to say about AIRCRAFT engines.

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