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Water Resources and Engineering: Classifications and Definitions of Applications

This document provides an overview of water resources engineering. It defines water resources engineering as dealing with the provision of water for human use and preventing destruction from floods. It discusses the different sources of fresh water, including surface water, groundwater, frozen water, and desalination. It also outlines some of the key applications of water resources engineering, such as sewer systems, irrigation networks, river engineering, hydraulic structures, and wave analysis.

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Kimberly Shawn Nicole Santos
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113 views2 pages

Water Resources and Engineering: Classifications and Definitions of Applications

This document provides an overview of water resources engineering. It defines water resources engineering as dealing with the provision of water for human use and preventing destruction from floods. It discusses the different sources of fresh water, including surface water, groundwater, frozen water, and desalination. It also outlines some of the key applications of water resources engineering, such as sewer systems, irrigation networks, river engineering, hydraulic structures, and wave analysis.

Uploaded by

Kimberly Shawn Nicole Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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chapter 1

Classifications and Definitions of Applications:


WATER RESOURCES and ENGINEERING
Water Resources Engineering
by
Bacosa, Angelica S.
Madelo, Neil David C. | BSCE 5B

WATER RESOURCES

Water resources are origin of water that are essentially required by humans, and water is basically used for
agriculture, industry, domestic purposes, and environmental events.

Fresh water is a renewable resource like soil and air. The world is supplied by clean and fresh water and it
is decreasing. Water is one of our most critical resources, but around the world it is under threat. Water demand
already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too does the
water demand.

Water resources are divisible into two distinct categories : the surface-water resources and the ground-
water resources. Each of these categories is a part of the earth's water circulatory system, called the hydrologic
cycle, and is derived from precipitation, which is rainfall plus snow.

Distribution of Water on Earth:

Water on the earth is mostly salt water with only 3% as fresh water. The majority of the fresh water is
frozen in glaciers and the polar ice caps, and the remainder is found as ground water, with only a fraction available
above the ground.

Sources of Fresh Water:

Surface Water
is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally
lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-surface seepage.

Sub-surface water or Groundwater


is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the
water table.

Frozen Water
Several schemes have been proposed to make use of icebergs as a water source, however to date this has only been
done for novelty purposes. Glacier runoff is considered to be surface water.

Desalination
is an artificial process by which saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water.

Although fresh water is considered to be available as a renewable resource, the supply of pure fresh water is
gradually decreasing in the world. The rate of increase in world population exceeds the rate at which the water
supply is increasing so that there is an acute shortage of water in many parts of the world. During the twentieth
century, more than half of all global wetlands were lost.
APPLICATION OF ENGINEERING

Water resources engineering generally deals with the provision of water for human use, and the
development of techniques for the prevention of destruction from floods. Water resources engineering also includes
the planning and management of facilities that are constructed for these tasks like making canals for irrigation and
sewers for drainage and to avoid waterlogging, and all other issues related with the usage and control of water.

To meet the water requirements of society and the environment, initially an estimate is carried out
regarding the water available, the demand now and projected demand when the work will complete and future
considerations, and then the requisite infrastructure is designed, including the water treatment plants and the pipes
network, for the conveyance of water to the taps and waste water from the toilets to the treatment units.

Water resources engineering also deals with:


 Sewer systems for storms and wastewater.
 Irrigation network.
 River engineering, including ice covered rivers.
 Hydraulic structures, including dams, spillways, floodways and reservoirs.
 Seepage control.
 Hydrology.
 Floods, flow of mud and debris.
 Wave analysis.

Sewer systems for storms and wastewater.


network of pipes, pumps, and force mains for the collection of wastewater, or sewage, from a community.
Modern sewerage systems fall under two categories: domestic and industrial sewers and storm sewers.
Sometimes a combined system provides only one network of pipes, mains, and outfall sewers for all types
of sewage and runoff. The preferred system, however, provides one network of sewers for domestic and
industrial waste, which is generally treated before discharge, and a separate network for storm runoff,
which may be diverted to temporary detention basins or piped directly to a point of disposal in a stream or
river.

Irrigation network.
a network of permanent and temporary conduits (canals and pipes) that supply water to irrigated lands
from an irrigation source.

River engineering, including ice covered rivers.


Planning and design applications for different river engineering structures to modify the
natural river conditions including training works, stabilization, bank revetments, dredging, diversions,
cofferdams, channelization, levees and flood control works.

Wave analysis
Analysis of waves on bodies of water. Ocean waves contain tremendous energy potential. Wave power
devices extract energy directly from the surface motion of ocean waves. In many areas of the world, the
wind blows with enough consistency and force to provide continuous waves along the shoreline.  

References:

https://www.brighthubengineering.com/hydraulics-civil-engineering/42737-basics-of-water-
resources-engineering/

https://www.slideshare.net/natalia97/water-resources-power-point-presentation?
from_action=save

https://www.boem.gov/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-program-overview

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