DAY 1 [March 10]

INTRODUCTION
 
A.    General Principles of Intellectual Property System
B. Sources of Intellectual Property Law
1.     1987 Philippine Constitution
  Article XII, Secs. 6, 19  
  Article XIV, Secs. 10 - 13
 
2. International Agreements
 
2.1 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of the Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs 
Agreement) 
      Tañada vs. Angara, 272 SCRA 18
      Art. 1 – Nature and Scope of Obligation
Readings:
               2.1.1  Article 3 (National Treatment)
               2.1.2. Article 4 (Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment), TRIPS Agreement 
 
2.2  Treaties/Conventions and International Agreements
World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS Agreement)
     WIPO Administered Treaties/Conventions
 Paris Convention for the Protection of Intellectual Property       
 Patent Cooperation Treaty
 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
 Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms
and Broadcasting Organization
 WIPO Copyright Treaty
 WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty
 Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning   the International
Registration of Marks (Madrid Protocol)  

 IPAP v. Ochoa, G.R. 204605, July 19, 2016 [with separate opinion of J.

Leonen]  

 IPOPhl Memo Circular 011-17 Regulations Relating to the Madrid

Protocol

  3. Laws
 
3.1 Civil Code of the Philippines, Arts. 712, 521
  3.2 Republic Act No. 8293, Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, as
amended 
             3.3. Other Special Laws
A. Intellectual Property Rights in General
 1. Intellectual Property Rights
2. Differences between Copyrights, Trademarks and Patent
Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart, 409 SCRA 231 (2003)
               Kho vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. 115758, March 1, 2002
Juan v. Juan, G.R. No. 221732, [August 23, 2017]
3. Technology Transfer Arrangement (Sec. 4.2)
B. Trademarks
1. Definition of Marks, Collective Marks, Trade Names (Secs. 121)
2. Acquisition of Ownership of Mark (Sec. 122)
Berris Agricultural Co., v. Abyadang, G.R. No. 183404, October 13, 2010
Shangri-La International v. Developers Group, G.R. 159938, March 31, 2006
Ecole De Cuisine Manille v. Le Cordon Bleu Int'l., G.R. No. 185830, June 5, 2013
3. Acquisition of Ownership of Trade Name (Sec. 165)
4. Non-Registrable Marks (Sec. 123)
Iancu v. Brunetti, U.S. S.C. (24 June 2019);
Matal v. Tam, 582 U.S. ___ (June 19, 2017); Sec. 123.1(a) IPC vis-à-vis Sec.
4 Art. III Constitution
Shang Properties v. St. Francis, G.R. No. 190706, [July 21, 2014])
falsely suggest a connection  (Fredco v. President and Fellows of
|||

Harvard College, G.R. No. 185917, [June 1, 2011], 665 PHIL 374-399)
Spectrum of Distinctiveness – Abercrombie & Fitch v. Hunting World, 537 F.2d 4 (2d Cir.
1976)
Secondary Meaning (Sec. 123.2) and Fair Use
 Shang Properties v. St. Francis, G.R. No. 190706, [July 21, 2014])
Zatarains v. Oak Grove, 698 F.2d 786 (5th Cir. 1983)
5. Use of the Mark (Sec. 124.2, Sec. 147 cf. Sec. 151.1 (c), Sec. 152)
a. genuine use, a bona fide kind of use (W Land Holding v. Starwood
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Hotels, G.R. No. 222366, [December 4, 2017])

b. sales invoices and advertisements not conclusive evidence of
ownership  (Birkenstock v. Phil. Shoe Expo, G.R. No. 194307, [November
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20, 2013], 721 PHIL 867-882)

6. Tests to Determine Confusing Similarity between Marks

a. Dominancy Test (Sec. 155.1)
Citigroup v. Citystate, G.R. No. 205409, June 13, 2018
 ABS-CBN Publishing, Inc. v. Director of Trademarks, G.R. No. 217916, [June 20,
2018]
b. Holistic Test
Emerald v. CA, G.R. 100098 (1995)
c. "ordinary purchaser"  Great White Shark v. Caralde, Jr., G.R. No.
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192294, [November 21, 2012], 699 PHIL 196-205)

d. “Related goods” doctrine. Citigroup v. Citystate, G.R. No. 205409, June 13,
2018; Asia Pacific v. PaperOne, G.R. 213365-66, December 10, 2018 [with
separate opinion of J. Leonen]
e. Idem Sonans
Prosource v. Horphag, G.R. No. 180073, [November 25, 2009], 620 PHIL 539-
553)
7. Well-Known Marks Sec. 123.1(e), 147.2, Sec. 2, Rule 18, A.M. No. 10-3-10-SC)
In-N-Out Burger vs. Sehwani, G.R. No. 179127, December 24, 2008 
"any combination" of criteria to determine that a mark is well-known, not
necessary that the mark be used in commerce in the Philippines.  (Fredco
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Manufacturing Corp. v. President and Fellows of Hardvard College, G.R. No.

185917, [June 1, 2011], 665 PHIL 374-399)

8. Rights Conferred by Registration (Sec. 147)

9. [Fair] Use by Third Parties of Names, etc. Similar to Registered Mark (Sec. 148)
New Kids on the Block v. News America Publishing, 971 F.2d 302 (9th Cir. 1992)
10. Infringement and Remedies (Sec. 155 – 159; 170)
a. Trademark Infringement
b. Damages
c. Requirement of Notice
d. Penalties
11. Unfair Competition (Sec. 168)
McDonald’s Corp. vs. L. C. Big Mak, GR 143993, August 18, 2004
Coca-Cola Bottlers, Phil. Vs. Quintin Gomez,G.R. 154491, November 18, 2008
Kenneth Roy Savage et. al. v. Judge Taypin, G.R. 134217, May 11, 2000 

False Designation of Origin (Sec. 169)

Chester Uyco, et. Al. vs. Vicente Lo,  G.R. 202423, January 28, 2013 
12. Trade Names or Business Names (Sec. 165)
Coffee Partners, Inc. vs. San Francisco Coffee (G.R. No. 169504, 3 March 2010
 Under Article 8 of the Paris Convention,…Harvard entitled to protection in
the Philippines of its trade name "Harvard" even without registration of such
trade name in the Philippines.  (Fredco v. President and Fellows of Hardvard
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College, G.R. No. 185917, [June 1, 2011], 665 PHIL 374-399)

DAY 2 [March 17]

C. Patents
Nature of Patent Rights: E.I. Dupont v. Francisco, G.R. No. 174379, Aug. 31, 2016 [J.
Leonen]

1. Patentable Inventions (Sec. 21, IP Code)

         Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303  
2. Non-Patentable Inventions (Sec. 22, IP Code)

Association for Molecular Pathology v. USPTO (The Myriad Case), 569 U.S. 12
D’Arcy v Myriad Genetics Inc [2015] HCA 35
Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, 573 U.S. ___ (2014)
   
          3. Patentability Requirements
 

A. Novelty (Secs. 23 and 24, IPC)

Manzano vs. CA,  278 SCRA 688

Maguan vs. CA, 146 SCRA 107 
Frank vs. Kosuyama, 59 Phil 206
A.1. Non-prejudicial Disclosure (Sec. 25, IP Code)

B. Inventive Step (Section 26, IPC) 

Aguas vs. De Leon,  111 SCRA 238

Graham v. John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1 (1966)

C. Industrial Applicability (Sec, 27, IPC)

4. Ownership of a Patent 

a. Right to a Patent (Sec. 28, IPC)

b. First-to-File Rule (Sec. 29, IPC)

c. Inventions Created Pursuant to a Commission (Sec. 30, IPC) 

 d. Right of Priority (Sec. 31, IPC)

5. The Application [NOTE: not in the syllabus]

     a. Disclosure and Description (Sec. 35.1, IPC)

     b. The Claims (Sec. 36, IPC)

     c. Confidentiality (Sec. 45, IPC)

     d. Mandatory Publication (Sec. 44, IPC)

     e. Inchoate Right (Sec. 46, IPC)

6. Grounds for Cancellation of a Patent (Sec. 61, IPC)

7. Remedy of the True and Actual Inventor (Secs. 67 and 68, IPC)

8. Rights Conferred by a Patent (Sec. 71, IPC)

9. Limitations of Patent Rights (Sec. 72, IPC)

a. Prior User (Sec. 73, IPC)

b. Use by the Government (Sec. 74, IPC)

10. Patent Infringement (Sec. 76 and 78, IPC)

a. Tests in Patent Infringement

i. Literal Infringement (Sec. 75.1, IPC)

ii. Doctrine of Equivalents (Sec. 75.2, IPC)

Smith Kline Beckman vs. CA, G.R. No. 126627 [2003])

b. Civil and Criminal Actions (Sec. 76-84)

c. Prescriptive Period (Claim for Damages: 4 years - Sec. 79; Criminal Action: 3 years – Sec.
84)

d. Defenses in Action for Infringement (Sec. 81, IPC)

11. Licensing

a. Voluntary (Sec. 85-92)

b. Compulsory Sec. (93-102)

 12. Assignment and Transmission of Rights (Sec. 104 and 105, IPC)

Copyrights
 
1.     Basic Principles, Sections 171, 172.2, 175 and 181
  ABS-CBN v. Phil. Multi-Media, G.R. No. 175769-70, January 19, 2009.
2.  Copyrightable Works
Star Athletica, v. Varsity Brands, Inc., 580 U.S. ___ 2017)
a. Original Works (Sec. 172 and 218)
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural, 499 U.S. 340 (1991)
ABS CBN vs. Felipe Gozon,  G.R. No. 195956 (March 11, 2015)  

b. Derivative Works (Sec. 173)

 3. Non-Copyrightable Works (Sec. 175)

Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1879)
Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural, 499 U.S. 340 (1991)
Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart, 409 SCRA 231 (2003)
Ching v. Salinas, G.R. No. 161295, June 29, 2005, 462 SCRA 241
Olano et. al. v. Lim Eng Co, G.R. 195835, April 20, 2016
ABS CBN vs. Felipe Gozon,  G.R. No. 195956 (March 11, 2015)  

 
                   4. Rights of Copyright Owner (Sec. 177)
                 Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, 568 U.S. __ (No. 11-697, March 19, 2013)
  5. Rules on Ownership of Copyright (Sec. 178)
  6. Limitations on Copyright (Sec. 184)
a. Doctrine of Fair Use (Sec. 185)
ABS CBN vs. Felipe Gozon,  G.R. No. 195956 (March 11, 2015)  
Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984)
Harper & Row v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539 (1985)
 
    7. Copyright Infringement (Sec. 216 and 217, as amended)
Habana v. Robles, 310 SCRA 511 (1999)

a. Direct Infringement and Vicarious Liability

          b. Technological Protection Measures
MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., 545 U.S. 913 (2005)