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Experiment # 2

This document provides instructions for an experiment to verify Kirchoff's voltage law and Kirchoff's current law. Students are asked to build two circuits, measure voltages and currents, calculate expected values, and compare to measured to determine percent error.

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121 views4 pages

Experiment # 2

This document provides instructions for an experiment to verify Kirchoff's voltage law and Kirchoff's current law. Students are asked to build two circuits, measure voltages and currents, calculate expected values, and compare to measured to determine percent error.

Uploaded by

majorsk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 2 Lab Manual

American International University- Bangladesh


Faculty of Engineering (EEE)
EEE1202: Electrical Circuit 1 Laboratory

Title: Verification of Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL).

Introduction:

Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two approximate equalities that deal with the current and potential
difference (commonly known as voltage) in electrical circuits. They were first described in 1845
by Gustav Kirchhoff. This generalized the work of Georg Ohm and preceded the work of
Maxwell. Widely used in electrical engineering, they are also called Kirchhoff's rules or simply
Kirchhoff's laws. The purpose of this experiment is:

 To develop an understanding of Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchoff’s Current Law
(KCL) practically.
 And finally measured values are going to be verified with calculated values.

Theory and Methodology:


Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) in a DC circuit states that,"the algebraic sum of the Voltage drop around
any closed path is equal to the algebraic sum of the Voltage rises”. In other words, "the algebraic sum of
the Voltage rises and drops around any closed path is equal to zero”. A plus (+) sign is assigned for the
potential rises (- to +) and minus sign (-) is assigned to a potential drop (+ to -). In symbolic form,
Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) can be expressed as
cV=0, Where C is used for closed loop and V is used for the potential rises and drops.

Figure-1
Analysis of KVL circuit

For doing a complete analysis of KVL, with the given values of circuit parameters follow the following
steps:

Step 1: Calculate the value of supply current I:

I = E / (R1+R2+R3)

Step 2: Calculate V1, V2, and V3:

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 1


Experiment 2 Lab Manual

V1= I×R1 V2= I×R2 V3= I×R3

Step 3. Use KVL to verify:


cV=0 or E-V1-V2-V3=0

Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL):


Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL) in a DC circuit states that," the algebraic sum of the currents entering and
leaving an area, system or junction is zero”. In other word, "the sum of the currents entering an area,
system or junction must be equal the sum of the currents leaving the area, system or junction”. In equation
form,
 I Entering =  I leaving

Figure-2
Analysis of KCL circuit

For doing a complete analysis of KVL, with the given values of circuit parameters follow the following
steps:

Step 1. Calculate the value of equivalent resistance of circuit:

Req = ( )

Step 2. Calculate supply currentI:

I= E/Req

Step 3. Calculate current through different branches:

I1 = E / R1 I2= E/R2 I3= E/R3

Step 4. Use KCL to verify:

 I Entering =  I leaving or I= I1 + I2 + I3

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 2


Experiment 2 Lab Manual

Pre-Lab Homework:

Read about the KVL and KCL circuit from “Introductory Circuit Analysis’’ by Robert L
Boylestad. Try to analyze different circuits from text book and compare those with your
experimental circuit.

Apparatus:
1. Resistors
2. Connecting wire
3. Trainer Board
4. AVO meter or Multimeter
5. DC source

Precautions:

Connecting of circuit should be done carefully. And before connecting supply with the circuit the whole
connection diagram should be checked by the instructor.

Experimental Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure 1.


2. Measure the voltage across each elements of the circuit.
3. Fill the following table with necessary calculations.
Table 1

No. R1 R2 R3 V V1 V2 V3 V=V1+V2+V3 % Error =


of %(mv-cv)/cv
obs.

C M C M C M C M C M

KΩ KΩ KΩ

V V V V V V V V V V

1
2
3

4. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure 2.


5. Measure the current across each branches of the circuit.
6. Fill the following table with necessary calculations.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 3


Experiment 2 Lab Manual

Table 2

No. R1 R2 R3 I I1 I2 I3 I=I1+I2+I3 % Error =


of %(mv-cv)/cv
obs.

C M C M C M C M C M

KΩ KΩ KΩ

A A A A A A A A A A

1
2
3

Simulation and Measurement:

Compare the simulation results with your experimental data and finally calculate percentage of
error (if any).

Result and Calculation:

1. Complete Table~1 and Table~2.


2. Theoretically calculate the voltages and currents for each element in the circuits and compare
them to the measured values.
3. Compute the percentage error in the two measurements and provide a brief explanation for the
error.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Interpret the data/findings and determine the extent to which the experiment was successful in complying
with the goal that was initially set. Discuss any mistake you might have made while conducting the
investigation and describe ways the study could have been improved.

Reference:

[1] Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory Circuit Analysis”, 10th Edition.

© Dept. of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) 4

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