EAST WEST UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &

ENGINEERING

LAB REPORT # 1

Course Id: CSE209

Course Name: Electrical Circuit
Course Instructor: RZS
Semester: Fall24

Name: Nadia Noumee Meem

Student Id: 2023-3-60-141
Introduction:
The two laws of electrical currents are used in a circuit, and they were formulated by Gustav
Kirchhoff in 1845. This continues to be useful because it helps in determining the unknown
currents, voltages, and resistances that can be found in a circuit. The laws are derived from the
elements of charge and energy conservations, and it is necessary to have them in order to work
out very complex circuits which are beyond Ohm’s law application.

This experiment seeks to practically verify KCL and KVL through the practical setup. KCL gives
emphasis of charge conservation because it states that the algebraic sum of currents flowing into
a node (or a junction) in an electrical circuit is zero. KVL on the other hand asserts that in a
closed loop of a circuit the algebraic sum of all differences in voltage around the loop is zero,
based on energy conservation principles.

Using the two laws makes it possible to perform analysis of both the direct current (DC) and
alternating current (AC) circuits so as to determine the unknown parameters and the
corresponding experimental confirmatory results.

Theory:
Kirchhoff's laws consist of two primary principles:
1. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):
∑ Iin = ∑ Iout or ∑I=0
At any node in an electrical circuit, the total current entering the node is equal to the total current
leaving the node. This law is based on the conservation of electric charge, implying that charge
cannot accumulate at a single point.
2. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):
∑ Vloop = 0
For any closed loop in a circuit, the algebraic sum of all the potential differences (voltage) is
zero. This law relies on the conservation of energy, as the total energy supplied within a loop
equals the total energy consumed.

List of equipments:
1. Power supply: 0-30 V dc 1 pc
2. Function generator: 1 pc
3. Resistor: a) 1kΩ 3pcs
b) 2.2kΩ 2pcs
c) 3.3kΩ 1pcs
 c) 4.7kΩ 1pcs
4. Wires: 10 pcs
5. Breadboard 1psc
6. Multimeter: 1 pc
7. Ammeter 1 pc
8. Voltmeter 1 pc

Circuit Diagram:
Circuit-2:

A B C

R1 I1 I2 I3 R3

R5

F E R4 D
R2

Circuit-3:

A B C

R1 I1
I I R3
I4
R8 3 R5
R6
R7
G

R2
R4

F E D
Results:
Circuit-2:
KVL: VAF = VAB + VBE + VEF
VBE = VBC + VCD + VDE
KCL: I1 = I2 + I3

 VAF = 5V
 VAB = 3V
 VBE = 0.5V
 VEF = 1.3V
 VAB + VBE + VEF = 4.8V

Here, VAF = VAB + VBE + VEF (approximately)

 VBE = 0.5V
 VBC = 4.2V
 VCD = -4.9V
 VDE = 1.2V
 VBC + VCD + VDE = 0.5V

Here, VBE = VBC + VCD + VDE (approximately)

= 1.36×10-3A
V ( AB)
 I1 =
2200
V (B E)
 I2 = = 1.06×10-4A
4700
V (BC )
 I3 = = 1.27×10-3A
I2 + I3 = 1.38×10-3A
3300


Here, I1 = I2 + I3 (approximately)

Circuit-3:
KVL: VAF = VAB + VBE + VEF
VBE = VBC + VCD + VDE
KCL: I1 = I2 + I3 + I4
  VAF = 5V
 VAB = 2.4V
 VBE = 1.5V
 VEF = 1.1V
 VAB + VBE + VEF = 5V

Here, VAF = VAB + VBE + VEF (approximately)

 VBE = 1.5V
 VBC = 1V
 VCD = 0.2V
 VDE = 0.3V
 VBC + VCD + VDE = 1.5V

Here, VBE = VBC + VCD + VDE (approximately)

V ( AB)
 I1 = = 1.09×10-3A
2200
V (BE)
 I2 = = 1.5×10-3A
10 00
V (BG)
 I3 = = -7.23×10-4A
47 00
V (BC)
 I4 = = 3.03×10-3A
3300
 I2 + I3 + I4 = 1.08×10-3A

Here, I1 = I2 + I3 (approximately)

Conclusion:
The experiment successfully validated Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage
Law (KVL) through practical measurements. The observed values of currents and voltages
closely matched the theoretical calculations, confirming the conservation of charge and energy in
electrical circuits. This demonstrates the reliability of Kirchhoff's laws as fundamental tools for
analyzing and solving complex circuits. Minor deviations, if any, could be attributed to
measurement errors or component tolerances. Overall, the experiment reinforced the importance
of these laws in understanding circuit behavior.