© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., 330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they

currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–1.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member of 5k

3k 4k
the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile or a
compressive force.
F E D

6 ft

A C
B
8 ft 8 ft

Solution
Support Reactions Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMA = 0; NC(16) - 5(8) - 4(16) = 0 NC = 6.50 k
a + ΣMC = 0; 5(8) + 3(16) - Ay(16) = 0 Ay = 5.50 k
+
S ΣFx = 0; Ax = 0

Method of Sections. It is required that FBF = FAE = F1.

­ eferring to Fig. b,
R
3
+ c ΣFy = 0; 5.50 - 3 - 2F1 a b = 0 F1 = 2.083 k
5

Therefore,
FBF = 2.08 k (T) FAE = 2.08 k (C) Ans.

a + ΣMA = 0; FEF(6) - 2.083a b162 = 0 FEF = 1.667 k (C) = 1.67 k (C)

4
Ans.
5

a + ΣMF = 0; FAB(6) - 2.083a b162 = 0 FAB = 1.667 k (T) = 1.67 k (T)

4
Ans.
5

Also, FBD = FCE = F2. Referring to Fig. c,

3
+ c ΣFy = 0; 6.50 - 4 - 2F2 a b = 0 F2 = 2.083 k
5

Therefore,
FBD = 2.08 k (T) FCE = 2.08 k (C) Ans.

a + ΣMC = 0; 2.083a b162 - FDE(6) = 0 FDE = 1.667 k (C) = 1.67 k (C)

4
Ans.
5

a + ΣMD = 0; 2.083a b162 - FBC(6) = 0 FBC = 1.667 k (T) = 1.67 k (T)

4 Ans.
5
Method of Joints.
Joint A, Fig. d.
3
+ c ΣFy = 0; 5.50 - 2.083a b - FAF = 0 FAF = 4.25 k (C) Ans.
5

558
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12–1.  (Continued)

Joint B, Fig. e.
3 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 2c 2.083a b d - FBE = 0 FBE = 2.50 k (C)
5

Joint C, Fig. f.
3 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 6.50 - 2.083a b - FCD = 0 FCD = 5.25 k (C)
5

Ans.
FBF = 2.08 k (T) FAE = 2.08 k (C)
FEF = 1.67 k (C)
FAB = 1.67 k (T)
FBD = 2.08 k (T) FCE = 2.08 k (C)
FDE = 1.67 k (C)
FBC = 1.67 k (T)
FAF = 4.25 k (C)
FBE = 2.50 k (C)
FCD = 5.25 k (C)

559
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–2.  Solve Prob. 12–1 assuming that the diagonals cannot 5k

3k 4k
support a compressive force.
F E D

6 ft

A C
B
8 ft 8 ft

Solution
Support Reactions. Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMA = 0; NC(16) - 5(8) - 4(16) = 0 NC = 6.50 k
a + ΣMC = 0; 5(8) + 3(16) - Ay(16) = 0 Ay = 5.50 k
+
S ΣFx = 0; Ax = 0

Method of Sections. It is required that

FAE = FCE = 0 Ans.

Referring to Fig. b,
3 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 5.50 - 3 - FBF a b = 0 FBF = 4.167 k (T) = 4.17 k (T)
5

a + ΣMA = 0; FEF(6) - 4.167a b(6) = 0 FEF = 3.333 k (C) = 3.33 k (C)

4 Ans.
5
a + ΣMF = 0; FAB(6) = 0 FAB = 0 Ans.

Referring to Fig. c,
3 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 6.50 - 4 - FBD a b = 0 FBD = 4.167 k (T) = 4.17 k (T)
5

a + ΣMC = 0; 4.167a b(6) - FDE(6) = 0 FDE = 3.333 k (C) = 3.33 k (C) Ans.
4
5

a + ΣMD = 0; - FBC(6) = 0 FBC = 0 Ans.

Method of Joints. Joint A, Fig. d.

+ c ΣFy = 0; 5.50 - FAF = 0 FAF = 5.50 k (C) Ans.

Joint B, Fig. e.
3 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 2c 4.167a b d - FBE = 0 FBE = 5.00 k (C)
5
Joint C, Fig. f.
+ c ΣFy = 0; 6.50 - FCD = 0 FCD = 6.50 k (C) Ans.

560
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–2.  (Continued)

Ans.
FAE = FCE = 0
FBF = 4.17 k (T)
FEF = 3.33 k (C)
FAB = 0
FBD = 4.17 k (T)
FDE = 3.33 k (C)
FBC = 0
FAF = 5.50 k (C)
FBE = 5.00 k (C)
FCD = 6.50 k (C)

561
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–3.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member of 5 kN 10 kN 5 kN

the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile or a
compressive force. J I H G F

4m

A B C D E

3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
4 4
F + FAI = 5 kN
5 JB 5

FJB = 3.125 kN (C)

FAI = 3.125 kN (T)

Joint A:

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 3.125 kNa b - FAB = 0
5

FAB = 1.875 kN (C)

4
+ c ΣFy = 0; 3.125 kNa b - FAJ = 0
5

FAJ = 2.50 kN (C)

Joint J:

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 3.125 kNa b - FJI = 0
5

FJI = 1.875 kN (T)

4 4
F + FFC = 5 kN
5 BH 5

FBH = 3.125 kN (C)

FFC = 3.125 kN (T)

a + ΣMB = 0;
3
5 kN (3 m) - FIH(4 m) - 3.125 kN a b(4 m) = 0
5

FIH = 1.875 kN (T)

a + ΣMI = 0;
3
5 kN (3 m) - FBC(4 m) - 3.125 kN a b(4 m) = 0
5

FBC = 1.875 kN (C)

562
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–3.  (Continued)

Joint I:
4
+ c ΣFy = 0; FIB - 2(3.125 kN) a b = 0
5

FIB = 5 kN (C)

Due to Symmetry:
Joint H:
4
+ c ΣFy = 0; FHC - 10 kN + 2(3.125 kN) a b = 0
5

FHC = 5 kN (C)

Due to Symmetry:
FAB = FDE = 1.875 kN (C) Ans.

FBC = FDC = 1.875 kN (C) Ans.

FJI = FGF = 1.875 kN (T)  Ans.

FIH = FHG = 1.875 kN (T) Ans.

FJB = FFD = 3.125 kN (C)  Ans.

FAI = FGE = 3.125 kN (T)  Ans.

FIC = FGC = 3.125 kN (T)  Ans.

FBH = FHD = 3.125 kN (C) Ans.

FJA = FEF = 2.50 kN (C)  Ans.

FIB = FDG = 5 kN (C)  Ans.

FHC = 5 kN (C)  Ans.

Ans.
FAB = FDE = 1.875 kN (C);
FBC = FDC = 1.875 kN (C);
FJI = FGF = 1.875 kN (T);
FIH = FHG = 1.875 kN (T);
FJB = FFD = 3.125 kN (C);
FAI = FGE = 3.125 kN (T);
FIC = FGC = 3.125 kN (T);
FBH = FHD = 3.125 kN (C);
FJA = FEF = 2.50 kN (C)
FIB = FDG = 5 kN (C);
FHC = 5 kN (C)

563
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–4.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member 5 kN 10 kN 5 kN

of the truss. Assume the diagonals cannot support a compressive
J I H G F
force.

4m

A B C D E

3m 3m 3m 3m

Solution
4
F = 5 kN
5 AI

FAI = 6.25 kN (T)

FJB = 0
Joint A:

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 6.25 kN a b - FAB = 0
5

FAB = 3.75 kN (C)

4
+ c ΣFy = 0; 6.25 kN a b - FAJ = 0
5

FAJ = 5 kN (C)

Joint J:
+
S ΣFx = 0; FJI = 0

4
F = 5 kN
5 IC
FIC = 6.25 kN (T)

FBH = 0

a + ΣMB = 0; 5 kN (3 m) - FIH(4 m) - 6.25 kNa b(4 m) = 0

3
5
FIH = 0

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; - FBC - 6.25 kNa b = 0
5

FBC = 3.75 kN (C)

564
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–4.  (Continued)

Joint I:
4
+ c ΣFy = 0; FIB - 2(6.25 kN) a b = 0
5

FIB = 10 kN (C)

Due to Symmetry:
Joint H:
+ c ΣFy = 0; FHC - 10 kN = 0

FHC = 10 kN (C)

Due to Symmetry:
FAB = FDE = 3.75 kN (C) Ans.
FBC = FDC = 3.75 kN (C) Ans.
FJI = FGF = 0 Ans.
FIH = FHG = 0 Ans.
FJB = FFD = 0 Ans.
FAI = FGE = 6.25 kN (T) Ans.
FIC = FGC = 6.25 kN (T) Ans.
FBH = FHD = 0 Ans.
FJA = FEF = 5 kN (C) Ans. Ans.
FIB = FDG = 10 kN (C) Ans. FAB = FDE = 3.75 kN (C)
FHC = 10 kN (C) Ans. FBC = FDC = 3.75 kN (C)
FJI = FGF = 0
FIH = FHG = 0
FJB = FFD = 0
FAI = FGE = 6.25 kN (T)
FIC = FGC = 6.25 kN (T)
FBH = FHD = 0
FJA = FEF = 5 kN (C)
FIB = FDG = 10 kN (C)
FHC = 10 kN (C)

565
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–5.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

of the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile
or a compressive force. H G F E
5k

20 ft

A D
B C
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft

Solution 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

VPanel = 8.33 k H G F E
5k
Assume VPanel is carried equally by FHB and FAG, so

8.33 20 ft
2
FHB = = 5.89 k (T) Ans.
sin 45° A D
Ax = 5k
B C
8.33
2 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
FAG = = 5.89 k (C) Ans. Ay = 18.33 k Dy = 21.667 k
sin 45°
Joint A:

a Fx = 0;
+
S FAB - 5 - 5.89 cos 45° = 0; FAB = 9.17 k (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; - FAH + 18.33 - 5.89 sin 45° = 0; FAH = 14.16 k (C) Ans.

Joint H:

a Fx = 0;
+
S - FHG + 5.89 cos 45° = 0; FHG = 4.17 k (C) Ans.

VPanel = 1.667 k

1.667
2
FGC = = 1.18 k (C) Ans.
sin 45°

1.667
2
FBF = = 1.18 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°

Joint G:

a Fx = 0;
+
S 4.17 + 5.89 cos 45° - 1.18 cos 45° - FGF = 0

FGF = 7.5 k (C) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; - 10 + FGB + 5.89 sin 45° + 1.18 sin 45° = 0

FGB = 5.0 k (C) Ans.

566
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12–5.  (Continued)

Joint B:

a Fx = 0; FBC + 1.18 cos 45° - 9.17 - 5.89 cos 45° = 0

+
S

FBC = 12.5 k (T) Ans.

VPanel = 21.667 - 10 = 11.667 k

11.667
2
FEC = = 8.25 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°

11.667
2
FDF = = 8.25 k (C) Ans.
sin 45°

Joint D:

a Fx = 0;
+
S FCD = 8.25 cos 45° = 5.83 k (T)

+ c a Fy = 0; 21.667 - 8.25 sin 45° - FED = 0

FED = 15.83 k (C) Ans.

Joint E:

a Fx = 0;
+
S 5 + FFE - 8.25 cos 45° = 0

FFE = 0.833 k (C) Ans. Ans.

Joint C: FHB = 5.89 k (T)

+ c a Fy = 0;
FAG = 5.89 k (C)
- FFC + 8.25 sin 45° - 1.18 sin 45° = 0
FAB = 9.17 k (T)
FFC = 5.0 k (C) Ans.
FAH = 14.16 k (C)
FHG = 4.17 k (C)
FGC = 1.18 k (C)
FBF = 1.18 k (T)
FGF = 7.5 k (C)
FGB = 5.0 k (C)
FBC = 12.5 k (T)
FEC = 8.25 k (T)
FDF = 8.25 k (C)
FCD = 5.83 k (T)
FED = 15.83 k (C)
FFE = 0.833 k (C)
FFC = 5.0 k (C)

567
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–6.  Solve Prob. 12–5 assuming that the diagonals cannot 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

support a compressive force.
H G F E
5k

20 ft

A D
B C
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft

Solution 10 k 10 k 10 k 10 k

VPanel = 8.33 k H G F E
5k
FAG = 0  Ans.
8.33
FHB = = 11.785 = 11.8 k Ans. 20 ft
sin 45°

Joint A: Ax = 5k A D

a Fx = 0; FAB = 5 k (T)
B C
+
S  Ans.
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft

+ c a Fy = 0; FAH = 18.3 k (C)

Ay = 18.33 k Dy = 21.667 k
Ans.

Joint H:

a Fx = 0; 11.785 cos 45° - FHG = 0

+
S

FHG = 8.33 k (C) Ans.

VPanel = 1.667 k
FGC = 0 Ans.
1.667
FBF = = 2.36 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°

Joint B:

a Fx = 0; FBC + 2.36 cos 45° - 11.785 cos 45° - 5 = 0

+
S

FBC = 11 .7 k (T) Ans.

+ c a Fy = 0; - FGB + 11.785 sin 45° + 2.36 sin 45° = 0

FGB = 10 k (C) Ans.

Joint G:

a Fx = 0; FGF = 8.33 k (C)

+
S  Ans.

VPanel = 11.667 k
FDF = 0 Ans.
11.667
FEC = = 16.5 k (T) Ans.
sin 45°

568
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–6.  (Continued)

Joint D:
+ Ans.
S ΣFx = 0; FCD = 0 
+ c ΣFy = 0; FED = 21.7 k (C) Ans.
Joint E:
+
S ΣFx = 0; FEF + 5 - 16.5 cos 45° = 0
FEF = 6.67 k (C) Ans.
Joint F:
+ c ΣFy = 0; FFC - 10 - 2.36 sin 45° = 0
FFC = 11.7 k (C) Ans.

Ans.
FAG = 0
FHB = 11.8 k
FAB = 5 k (T)
FAH = 18.3 k (C)
FHG = 8.33 k (C)
FGC = 0
FBF = 2.36 k (T)
FBC = 11 .7 k (T)
FGB = 10 k (C)
FGF = 8.33 k (C)
FDF = 0
FEC = 16.5 k (T)
FCD = 0
FED = 21.7 k (C)
FEF = 6.67 k (C)
FFC = 11.7 k (C)

569
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12–7.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member of 4k 8k 8k 4k

the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile or H G F
3k E
compressive force.

20 ft

A
D
B C
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft

Solution

Assume FBH = FGA. 4k 8k 8k 4k

+ c ΣFy = 0; - 2FBH(cos 45°) - 4 + 11 = 0 3k H G F E

FBH = 4.950 k = 4.95 k (T) Ans.

20 ft
FGA = 4.950 k = 4.95 k (C) Ans.
a + ΣMA = 0; FGH(20) - 4.950(sin 45°)(20) - 3(20) = 0 Ax = 3 k
A
D
B C
FGH = 6.50 k (C) Ans. 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
+ Ay = 11 k Dy = 13 k
S ΣFx = 0; FBA - 6.5 + 3 - 3 = 0
FBA = 6.50 k (T) Ans.
Joint A:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FAH - 4.950(sin 45°) + 11 = 0
FAH = 7.50 k (C) Ans.
Assume FBF = FGC.
+ c ΣFy = 0; - 2FBF(cos 45°) - 8 - 4 + 13 = 0
FBF = 0.7071 k = 0.707 k (T) Ans.
FGC = 0.7071 k = 0.707 k (C) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; - FGF(20) - 4(20) + 0.7071(sin 45°)(20) + 13(20) = 0
FGF = 9.50 k (C) Ans.
+
S ΣFx = 0; - FBC + 9.50 = 0
FBC = 9.50 k (T) Ans.
Joint B:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FBG + 4.950(sin 45°) + 0.7071(sin 45°) = 0
FBG = 4.00 k (C) Ans.
Assume FCE = FFD.
+ c ΣFy = 0; - 2FCE(sin 45°) - 4 + 13 = 0
FCE = 6.364 k = 6.36 k (T) Ans.
FFD = 6.364 k = 6.36 k (C) Ans.
a + ΣMD = 0; - FFE(20) + 6.364(cos 45°)(20) = 0
FFE = 4.50 k (C) Ans.
+ Ans.
S ΣFx = 0; FCD = 4.50 k (T) 

570
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–7.  (Continued)

Joint C:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FCF - 0.7071(sin 45°) + 6.364(sin 45°) = 0
FCF = 4.00 k (C) Ans.
Joint D:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FDF - 6.364(sin 45°) + 13 = 0
FDE = 8.50 k (C) Ans.

Ans.
FBH = 4.95 k (T)
FGA = 4.95 k (C)
FGH = 6.50 k (C)
FBA = 6.50 k (T)
FAH = 7.50 k (C)
FBF = 0.707 k (T)
FGC = 0.707 k (C)
FGF = 9.50 k (C)
FBC = 9.50 k (T)
FBG = 4.00 k (C)
FFD = 6.36 k (C)
FCE = 6.36 k (T)
FFE = 4.50 k (C)
FCD = 4.50 k (T)
FCF = 4.00 k (C)
FDE = 8.50 k (C)

571
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–8.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member 4k 8k 8k 4k

of the truss. Assume the diagonals cannot support a compressive H G F
3k E
force.

20 ft

A
D
B C
20 ft 20 ft 20 ft

Solution 4k 8k 8k 4k
3k H G F E
Assume    FGA = 0 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FBH(sin 45°) - 4 + 11 = 0
20 ft
FBH = 9.899 k = 9.90 k (T) Ans.
a + ΣMA = 0; FGH(20) - 9.899(cos 45°)(20) - 3(20) = 0
A
Ax = 3 k D
B C
FGH = 10.0 k (C) Ans. 20 ft 20 ft 20 ft
Ay = 11 k Dy = 13 k
+
S ΣFx = 0; FBA + 3 + 9.899(cos 45°) - 10 - 3 = 0
FBA = 3.00 k (T) Ans.
Joint A:
+ c ΣFy = 0; FAH = 11.0 k (C) Ans.
Assume    FGC = 0 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FBF(sin 45°) - 8 - 4 + 13 = 0
FBF = 1.414 k = 1.41 k (T) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; - FGF(20) + 1.414(cos 45°)(20) - 4(20) + 13(20) = 0
FGF = 10.0 k (C) Ans.
+
S ΣFx = 0; - FBC - 1.414(cos 45°) + 10 = 0
FBC = 9.00 k (T) Ans.
Joint B:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FBG + 9.899(sin 45°) + 1.414(sin 45°) = 0
FBG = 8.00 k (C) Ans.
Assume    FFD = 0 Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FCE(sin 45°) - 4 + 13 = 0
FCE = 12.73 k = 12.7 k (T) Ans.
a + ΣMD = 0; - FFE(20) + 12.73(cos 45°)(20) = 0
FFE = 9.00 k (C) Ans.
+
S ΣFx = 0; - FCD - 12.73(cos 45°) + 9.00 = 0
FCD = 0 Ans.

572
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–8.  (Continued)

Joint C:
+ c ΣFy = 0; - FCF + 12.73(sin 45°) = 0
FCF = 9.00 k (C) Ans.
Joint D:
+ c ΣFy = 0; FDE = 13.0 k (C) Ans.

Ans.
FGA = 0
FBH = 9.90 k (T)
FGH = 10.0 k (C)
FBA = 3.00 k (T)
FAH = 11.0 k (C)
FGC = 0
FBF = 1.41 k (T)
FGF = 10.0 k (C)
FBC = 9.00 k (T)
FBG = 8.0 k (C)
FFD = 0
FCE = 12.7 k (T)
FFE = 9.00 k (C)
FCD = 0
FCF = 9.00 k (C)
FDE = 13.0 k (C)

573
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–9.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member of 40 kN 40 kN

the truss. Assume the cross diagonals can support both tensile 20 kN
and compressive forces. 4m 4m 4m
A B C D

4m

G F E

Solution
Method of Sections. It is required that FBF = FCG = F1. Referring to Fig. a,

+ c ΣFy = 0; 2 3F1 1 1
24 - 20 - 40 = 0 F1 = 3012 kN
12

Therefore,

FCG = 3012 kN (T) = 42.4 kN (T) FBF = 3012 kN (C) = 42.4 kN (C) Ans.

a + ΣMG = 0; 20(4) + (3012)1 1

2(4) - FBC(4) = 0 FBC = 50.0 kN (T)Ans.
12

a + ΣMB = 0; 20(4) + (3012)1 1

2(4) - FGF(4) = 0 FGF = 50.0 kN (C) Ans.
12

Also, FCE = FDF = F2. Referring to Fig. b,

+ c ΣFy = 0; 2 3F2 1 1
24 - 20 - 40 - 40 = 0 F2 = 5012 kN
12

Therefore,

FCE = 5012 kN (C) = 70.7 kN (C) FDF = 5012 kN (T) = 70.7 kN (T) Ans.

a + ΣMC = 0; 20(8) + 40(4) + (5012)1 1

2(4) - FEF(4) = 0 Ans.
12

FEF = 130 kN (C)

a + ΣMF = 0; 20(8) + 40(4) + (5012)1 1

2(4) - FCD(4) = 0 Ans.
12

FCD = 130 kN (T)

Method of Joints.
Joint A, Fig c.

+ c ΣFy = 0; FAG 1 1
2 - 20 = 0 FAG = 2012 kN (C) = 28.3 kN (C) Ans.
12
+ Ans.
S ΣFx = 0; FAB - (2012)1 1
2 = 0 FAB = 20.0 kN (T) 
12

Joint B, Fig. d.

+ c ΣFy = 0; FBG + (3012)1 1

2 - 40 = 0 FBG = 10.0 kN (C) Ans.
12

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12–9.  (Continued)

Joint C, Fig. e.

+ c ΣFy = 0; FCF + (5012)1 1

2 - (3012)1 1
2 - 40 = 0 FCF = 20.0 kN (C) Ans.
12 12

Joint E, Fig. f.

+ c ΣFy = 0; FDE - (5012)1 1

2 = 0 FDE = 50.0 kN (T) Ans.
12

Ans.
FCG = 42.4 kN(T)
FBF = 42.4 kN (C)
FBC = 50.0 kN (T)
FGF = 50.0 kN (C)
FCE = 70.7 kN (C)
FDF = 70.7 kN (T)
FEF = 130 kN (C)
FCD = 130 kN (T)
FAG = 28.3 kN (C)
FAB = 20.0 kN (T)
FBG = 10.0 kN (C)
FCF = 20.0 kN (C)
FDE = 50.0 kN (T)

575
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–10.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member 40 kN 40 kN

20 kN
of the truss. Assume the cross diagonals cannot support a
compressive force. 4m 4m 4m
A B C D

4m

G F E

Solution
Method of Sections. It is required that
FBF = FCE = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. a,

1
+ c ΣFy = 0; FCG a b - 20 - 40 = 0 FCG = 6012 kN (T) = 84.9 kN (T) Ans.
22

a + ΣMB = 0;
1
20(4) + (6012) a b(4) - FGF(4) = 0 FGF = 80.0 kN (C) Ans.
22
a + ΣMG = 0; 20(4) - FBC(4) = 0 FBC = 20.0 kN (T)  Ans.
Referring to Fig. b,
1
+ c ΣFy = 0; FDF a b - 20 - 40 - 40 = 0 FDF = 10012 kN (T) = 141 kN (T) Ans.
12

a + ΣMC = 0;
1
20(8) + 40(4) + (10012) a b(4) - FEF(4) = 0
12
FEF = 180 kN (C) Ans.
a + ΣMF = 0; 20(8) + 40(4) - FCD(4) = 0 FCD = 80.0 kN (T)  Ans.

576
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12–10.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint A, Fig. c.
1
+ c ΣFy = 0; FAG a b - 20 = 0 FAG = 2012 kN (C) = 28.3 kN (C) Ans.
12
+ 1  Ans.
S ΣFx = 0; FAB - (2012) a b = 0 FAB = 20.0 kN (T)
12

Joint B, Fig. d.
+ c ΣFy = 0; FBG - 40 = 0 FBG = 40.0 kN (C)  Ans.

Joint C, Fig. e.
1
+ c ΣFy = 0; FCF - 40 - (6012) a b = 0 FCF = 100 kN (C)  Ans.
12

Joint D, Fig. f.
+ c ΣFy = 0; FDE = 0 Ans.

Ans.
FBF = FCE = 0
FCG = 84.9 kN (T)
FGF = 80.0 kN (C)
FBC = 20.0 kN (T)
FDF = 141 kN (T)
FEF = 180 kN (C)
FCD = 80.0 kN (T)
FAG = 28.3 kN (C)
FAB = 20.0 kN (T)
FBG = 40.0 kN (C)
FCF = 100 kN (C)
FDE = 0

577
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–11.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member of 1.5 m

the truss. Assume the diagonals can support either a tensile or E D
compressive force. 8 kN

2m

10 kN C
F

Solution
2m
Method of Sections. It is required that FCE = FDF = F1. Referring to Fig. a,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 8 - 2F1 a b = 0 F1 = 6.667 kN
5
A
B
Therefore,
FCE = 6.67 kN (C) FDF = 6.67 kN (T) Ans.

a + ΣME = 0;
4
FCD(1.5) - 6.667a b(1.5) = 0 FCD = 5.333 kN (C) = 5.33 kN (C) Ans.
5

a + ΣMD = 0;
4
FEF(1.5) - 6.667a b(1.5) = 0 FEF = 5.333 kN (T) = 5.33 kN (T) Ans.
5

It is required that FBF = FAC = F2. Referring to Fig. b,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 8 + 10 - 2F2 a b = 0 F2 = 15.0 kN
5

Therefore,
FBF = 15.0 kN (C) FAC = 15.0 kN (T)         Ans.

a + ΣMF = 0;
4
FBC(1.5) - 15.0a b(1.5) - 8(2) = 0   
5
FBC = 22.67 kN (C) = 22.7 kN (C)            Ans.

a + ΣMC = 0;
4
FAF(1.5) - 15.0a b(1.5) - 8(2) = 0
5
FAF = 22.67 kN (T) = 22.7 kN (T)            Ans.

578
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12–11.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint D: Referring to Fig. c,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; FDE - 6.667a b = 0 FDE = 4.00 kN (C)  Ans.
5

Joint C: Referring to Fig. d,

+ 3 3
S ΣFx = 0; FCF + 6.667a b - 15.0a b = 0 FCF = 5.00 kN (C)  Ans.
5 5

Joint B: Referring to Fig. e,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 15.0a b - FAB = 0 FAB = 9.00 kN (T)  Ans.
5

Ans.
FCE = 6.67 kN (C); FDF = 6.67 kN (T);
FCD = 5.33 kN (C); FEF = 5.33 kN (T);
FBF = 15.0 kN (C); FAC = 15.0 kN (T);
FBC = 22.7 kN (C); FAF = 22.7 kN (T);
FDE = 4.00 kN (C); FCF = 5.00 kN (C);
FAB = 9.00 kN (T)

579
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–12.  Determine (approximately) the force in each member 1.5 m

of the truss. Assume the diagonals cannot support a compressive E D
8 kN
force.

2m

10 kN C
F

2m

Solution
A
Method of Sections. It is required that B
FCE = FBA = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. a,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 8 - FDF a b = 0 FDF = 13.33 kN (T) = 13.3 kN (T) Ans.
5

a + ΣME = 0;
4
FCD(1.5) - 13.33a b(1.5) = 0 FCD = 10.67 kN (C) = 10.7 kN (C) Ans.
5
a + ΣMD = 0; FEF(1.5) = 0 FEF = 0 Ans.
Referring to Fig. b,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; 8 + 10 - FAC a b = 0 FAC = 30.0 kN (T)    Ans.
5
a + ΣMC = 0; FAF(1.5) - 8(2) = 0 FAF = 10.67 kN (T)   Ans.

a + ΣMF = 0;
4
FBC(1.5) - 30.0a b(1.5) - 8(2) = 0
5
FBC = 34.67 kN (C) = 34.7 kN (C)           Ans.

580
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–12.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint E: Referring to Fig. c,
+
S ΣFx = 0; 8 - FDE = 0 FDE = 8.00 kN (C)  Ans.

Joint C: Referring to Fig. d,

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; FCF - 30.0a b = 0 FCF = 18.0 kN (C)  Ans.
5

Joint B: Referring to Fig. e,

+
S 
ΣFx = 0; FAB = 0 Ans.

Ans.
FBF = 0
FCE = 0
FDF = 13.3 kN (T)
FCD = 10.7 kN (C)
FEF = 0
FAC = 30.0 kN (T)
FAF = 10.67 kN (T)
FBC = 34.7 kN (C)
FDE = 8.00 kN (C)
FCF = 18.0 kN (C)
FAB = 0

581
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–13.  Determine (approximately) the internal moment that 1.5 k>ft

member EF exerts on joint E and the internal moment that
member FG exerts on joint F.
E F G H

30 ft

A B C D
20 ft 30 ft 20 ft

Solution
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a. Referring
to Fig. b,
a + ΣME = 0; ME - 1.5(2)(1) - 12(2) = 0 ME = 27.0 k # ft  Ans.
Referring to Fig. c,
a + ΣMF = 0; MF - 1.5(3)(1.5) - 18.0(3) = 0 MF = 60.75 k # ft Ans.

Ans.
ME = 27.0 k # ft
MF = 60.75 k # ft

582
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–14.  Determine (approximately) the internal moments at 12 kN>m

joints A and B.
F D
E

A B C

8m 6m

Solution
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a. Referring
to Fig. b,
a + ΣMA = 0; MA - 12(0.8)(0.4) - 38.4(0.8) = 0 MA = 34.56 kN # m = 34.6 kN # m Ans.
Referring to Fig. c,
a + ΣMB = 0; 38.4(0.8) + 12(1.4)(0.1) - 28.8(0.6) - MB = 0
MB = 15.12 kN # m = 15.1 kN # m Ans.

Ans.
MA = 34.6 kN # m
MB = 15.1 kN # m

583
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–15.  Draw the approximate moment diagrams for each of 2 k>ft

the five girders.
G F
L K
3 k>ft 3 k>ft

H I J E

A B C D

30 ft 40 ft 30 ft

Solution

584
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–16.  Determine (approximately) the internal moments at 2 k>ft

joints E and C caused by members EF and CD, respectively. E F

10 ft
3.5 k>ft

C D

12 ft

A B

15 ft
Solution
a + ΣME = 0; ME - 3(0.75) - 12(1.5) = 0
ME = 20.25 k # ft Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; MC - 5.25(0.75) - 21(1.5) = 0
MC = 35.4 k # ft Ans.

Ans.
ME = 20.25 k # ft
MC = 35.4 k # ft

585
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–17.  Determine (approximately) the internal moments at 5 kN>m

joint H from HG and at joint J from JI and JK.
I L
J K
Solution
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a. Referring
to Figs. b and c, 5 kN>m 5 kN>m

a + ΣMH = 0; MHG - 6 (0.3) - 5(0.3)(0.15) = 0 H E

G F
MHG = 2.025 kN # m Ans.
Referring to Figs. b and d,
a + ΣMJ = 0; - MJI + 6(0.3) + 5(0.3)(0.15) = 0
MJI = 2.025 kN # m
A B C D
Ans.
Referring to Figs. b and e, 3m 4m 4m
a + ΣMJ = 0; MJK - 8(0.4) - 5(0.4)(0.2) = 0
MJK = 3.60 kN # m Ans.

Ans.
MHG = 2.025 kN # m;
MJI = 2.025 kN # m;
MJK = 3.60 kN # m

586
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–18.  Determine (approximately) the internal moments at 1 k>ft

joint F from FG and at joint E on the column.
F H
G

2 k>ft

D E

A B C

30 ft 20 ft

Solution
The frame can be simplified to that shown in Fig. a. The vertical
reactions on the beams are shown in Fig. b. Referring to Fig. c,
a + ΣMF = 0; MF - 1(3)(1.5) - 12.0(3) = 0 MF = 40.5 k # ft Ans.
Referring to Fig. d,
a + ΣME = 0; 12.0(3) + 1(5)(0.5) + 24.0(3) + 2(3)(1.5) - 8.00(2) - ME = 0
ME = 103.5 k # ft Ans.

Ans.
MF = 40.5 k # ft
ME = 103.5 k # ft

587
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–19.  Determine (approximately) the internal moments at 500 lb D C

joints D and C. Assume the supports at A and B are pins.

12 ft

A B

10 ft

Solution
Entire Frame (1):
a + ΣMA = 0; 10By - 12(500) = 0; By = 600 lb c
+ c ΣFy = 0; Ay = 600 lbT

FBD (2):
a + ΣME = 0; 5(600) - 12(Ax) = 0; Ax = 250 lb d
+
S ΣFx = 0; Ex = 250 lb d
Entire Frame (1):
+
S ΣFx = 0; Bx = 250 lb d

FBD (3):
a + ΣMD = 0; MD - 12(250) = 0; MD = 3.00 k # ft Ans.

FBD (4):
a + ΣMC = 0; MC - 12(250) = 0; MC = 3.00 k # ft Ans.

Ans.
MD = 3.00 k # ft
MC = 3.00 k # ft

588
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–20.  Determine (approximately) the internal moment and 12 ft

shear at the ends of each member of the portal frame. Assume 10 k B C
the supports at A and D are (a) pinned, (b) fixed and (c)
partially fixed such that the inflection point for the columns is
located h>3 = 6 ft up from A and D.

18 ft

A D

Solution
(a)  MA = MD = 0 Ans.
MB = MC = 5.0(18) = 90.0 k # ft Ans.
or
MB = MC = 15.0(6) = 90.0 k # ft Ans.
For members AB and CD:
VA = VB = VC = VD = 5.00 k Ans.
For members BC:
VB = VC = - 15.0 k Ans.

(b)  MA = MD = 5.0(9) = 45.0 k # ftB Ans.

MB = MC = 5.0(9) = 45.0 k # ft Ans.
or
MB = MC = 7.5(6) = 45.0 k # ft Ans.
For members AB and CD:
VA = VB = VC = VD = 5.00 k Ans.
For member BC:
VB = VC = - 7.5 k Ans.

(c)  MA = MD = 5.0(6) = 30.0 k # ftB Ans.

MB = MC = 5.0(12) = 60.0 k # ft Ans.
or
MB = MC = 10(6) = 60.0 k # ft Ans.
Ans.
For members AB and CD:
MA = 0
VA = VB = VC = VD = 5.00 k Ans. MB = 90.0 k # ft
For member BC: VA = 5.00 k
VB = - 15.0 k
VB = VC = - 10.0 k Ans. MA = 45.0 k # ftB
MB = 45.0 k # ft
VA = 5.00 k
VB = - 7.5 k
MA = 30.0 k # ftB
MB = 60.0 k # ft
VA = 5.00 k
VB = - 10.0 k

589
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–21.  Determine (approximately) the force in each truss 3m 3m

member of the portal frame. Assume all members of the truss E G F
10 kN
to be pin connected at their ends.
1m
2m H I
1m
18 kN
C D

4m

A B

Solution
Support Reactions.
Assume that the horizontal reaction components on the frame at A and B are equal. Then
10 + 18
Ax = Bx = = 14.0 kN
2
Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMB = 0; Ay(6) - 10(6) - 18(4) = 0 Ay = 22.0 kN

Method of Sections. Referring to Fig. b,

a + ΣMG = 0; 22.0(3) + 18(2) - 14.0(6) - FCD(2) = 0
FCD = 9.00 kN (C) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; - 14.0(4) - (10)(2) + FEG(2) = 0
FEG = 38.0 kN (C) Ans.

2
+ c ΣFy = 0; FGH a b - 22.0 = 0 FGH = 11113 kN (T) = 39.7 kN (T) Ans.
113

590
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–21.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint G, Fig. c.

2 2
+ c ΣFy = 0; FGI a b - (11113) a b = 0 FGI = 11113 kN (C) = 39.7 kN (C) Ans.
113 113

+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; FFG + 38.0 - 2(11113) a b = 0 FFG = 28.0 kN (T) Ans.
113

Joint H, Fig. d.
a + ΣFy = 0; FEH sin u = 0 FEH = 0 Ans.
+ QΣFx = 0; 11113 - FCH = 0 FCH = 11113 kN (T) = 39.7 kN (T) Ans.

Joint I, Fig. e.
+ QΣFy = 0; FFI sin u = 0 FFI = 0 Ans.
R + ΣFx = 0; 11113 - FDI = 0 FDI = 11113 kN (C) = 39.7 kN (C) Ans.

Ans.
FCD = 9.00 kN (C)
FEG = 38.0 kN (C)
FGH = 39.7 kN (T)
FGI = 39.7 kN (C)
FFG = 28.0 kN (T)
FEH = 0
FCH = 39.7 kN (T)
FFI = 0
FDI = 39.7 kN (C)

591
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–22.  Solve Prob. 12–21 if the supports at A and B are fixed 3m 3m

instead of pinned. E G F
10 kN
1m
2m H I
1m
18 kN
C D

4m

A B

Solution
Support Reactions. Assume that zero moment occurs at the
mid-height of the column between A and C (point J) and
between B and D (point K). Also, the horizontal reaction
components at J and K are equal. Then
10 + 18
Jx = Kx = = 14.0 kN
2
Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMK = 0; Jy(6) - 18(2) - 10(4) = 0 Jy = 12.67 kN

Method of Sections. Referring to Fig. b,

a + ΣMG = 0; 12.67(3) + 18(2) - 14.0(4) - FCD(2) = 0
FCD = 9.00 kN (C) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; FEG(2) - 14.0(2) - 10(2) = 0
FEG = 24.0 kN (C) Ans.
2
+ c ΣFy = 0; FGH a b - 12.67 = 0
113
FGH = 6.333113 kN (T) = 22.8 kN (T) Ans.

592
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–22.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint G, Fig. c.
2 2
+ c ΣFy = 0; FGI a b - (6.333113) a b = 0 FGI = 6.333113 kN (C) = 22.8 kN (C) Ans.
113 113
+ 3
S ΣFx = 0; FFG + 24.0 - 2c(6.333113) a bd = 0 FFG = 14.0 kN (T) Ans.
113

Joint H, Fig. d.
a + ΣFy = 0; FEH sin u = 0 FEH = 0 Ans.
+ Q ΣFx = 0; 6.333113 - FCH = 0 FCH = 6.333113 kN (T) = 22.8 kN (T) Ans.

Joint I, Fig. e.
+ QΣFy = 0; FFI sin u = 0 FFI = 0 Ans.
+ R ΣFx = 0; 6.333113 - FDI = 0 FDI = 6.333113 kN (C) = 22.8 kN (C) Ans.

Ans.
FCD = 9.00 kN (C)
FEG = 24.0 kN (C)
FGH = 22.8 kN(T)
FGI = 22.8 kN (C)
FFG = 14.0 kN (T)
FEH = 0
FCH = 22.8 kN (T)
FFI = 0
FDI = 22.8 kN (C)

593
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–23.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 5 ft 5 ft

column ACE of the portal constructed with a rigid girder and
8k
knee braces CF and DH. Assume that all points of connection
are pins. Also determine the force in the knee brace CF. E F H G
5 ft 5 ft

C D

7 ft

A B

20 ft

Solution
a + ΣME = 0; FCF(sin 45°)(5) - 4.0(12) = 0
FCF = 13.6 k (T) Ans.

5 ft 5 ft
8k
E F H G
5 ft 5 ft

C D

7 ft

A B
Ax = 4 k

20 ft
Ay = 4.8 k By = 4.8 k

Ans.
FCF = 13.6 k (T)

594
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–24.  Solve Prob. 12–23 if the supports at A and B are fixed 5 ft 5 ft

instead of pinned. 8k
E F H G
5 ft 5 ft

C D

7 ft

A B

20 ft

Solution
a + ΣME = 0; FCF(sin 45°)(5) - 4.0(8.5) = 0
FCF = 9.62 k (T) Ans.

5 ft 5 ft
8k
E F H G
5 ft 5 ft

C D

4k 4k
3.5 ft

3.4 k 3.4 k

Ans.
FCF = 9.62 k (T)

595
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–25.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 8 ft 8 ft

column BCD of the portal. Assume all truss members and the F D
6k
columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also determine the
force in all the truss members. 6 ft E

8k
G C

16 ft

A B

Solution
Support Reactions. Assume that the horizontal reaction components
on the frame at A and B are equal. Then
6 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 7.00 k
2
Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMA = 0; 6(22) + 8(16) - By(16) = 0 By = 16.25 k

Method of Sections. Referring to Fig. b,

a + ΣME = 0; FCG(6) + 7.00(22) - 8(6) - 16.25(8) = 0
FCG = 4.00 k (C) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; 7(16) + 6(6) - FDE(6) = 0
FDE = 24.67 kN (C) = 24.7 kN (C) Ans.
3
+ c ΣFy = 0; FCE a b - 16.25 = 0 FCE = 27.08 kN (T) = 27.1 kN (T) Ans.
5

596
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–25.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint E, Fig. c.
3 3
+ c ΣFy = 0; FEG a b - 27.08a b = 0 FEG = 27.08 kN (C) = 27.1 kN (C) Ans.
5 5

+ 4
S ΣFx = 0; 2c 27.08a b d - 24.67 - FEF = 0 FEF = 18.67 kN = 18.7 kN (T) Ans.
5

The moment diagram for column BCD is shown in Fig. d.

Ans.
FCG = 4.00 k (C)
FDE = 24.7 kN (C)
FCE = 27.1 kN (T)
FEG = 27.1 kN (C)
FEF = 18.7 kN (T)

597
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–26.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 8 ft 8 ft

F D
column BCD of the portal. Assume all the members of the 6k
truss to be pin connected at their ends. The columns are fixed
6 ft E
at A and B. Also determine the force in all the truss members.
8k
G C

16 ft

A B

Solution
Support Reactions. Assume that zero moment occurs at the mid-height of
the column between B and C (point H) and between A and G (point I).
Also, the horizontal reaction corresponents at A and B are equal. Then
6 + 8
Ax = Bx = = 7.00 k
2
Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMI = 0; 8(8) + 6(14) - Hy(16) = 0 Hy = 9.25 k

Referring to Fig. b,
+
S ΣFx = 0; 7.00 - Hx = 0 Hx = 7.00 k
a + ΣMB = 0; 7.00(8) - MB = 0 MB = 56.0 k # ft
+ c ΣFy = 0; 9.25 - By = 0 By = 9.25 k

Method of Sections. Referring to Fig. d,

a + ΣME = 0; FCG(6) + 7.00(14) - 9.25(8) - 8(6) = 0
FCG = 4.00 k (C) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0; 7.00(8) + 6(6) - FDE(6) = 0
FDE = 15.33 k (C) = 15.3 k (C) Ans.
3
+ c ΣFy = 0; FCE a b - 9.25 = 0 FCE = 15.42 k (T) = 15.4 k (T) Ans.
5

598
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–26.  (Continued)

Method of Joints.
Joint E, Fig. e.
3 3
+ c ΣFy = 0; FEG a b - 15.42a b = 0 FEG = 15.42 k (C) = 15.4 k (C) Ans.
5 5
+ 4
S ΣFx = 0; 2c 15.42a b d - 15.33 - FEF = 0 FEF = 9.333 k (T) = 9.33 k (T) Ans.
5
The moment diagram for column BCD is shown in Fig. f.

Ans.
FCG = 4.00 k (C)
FDE = 15.3 k (C)
FCE = 15.4 k (T)
FEG = 15.4 k (C)
FEF = 9.33 k (T)

599
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–27.  Determine (approximately) the force in each truss 8k G H I

member of the portal frame. Also find the reactions at the fixed
column supports A and B. Assume all members of
10 ft
the truss to be pin connected at their ends.
E F

4k
C D

12 ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft

8k G H I

Solution
10 ft
By inspection of joints E and F, E F

4k
FEG = 0 Ans.
C D
FFI = 0 Ans. 6 ft
+ c ΣFy = 0; FCE(cos 45°) - 7.60 = 0
6k 6k
FCE = 10.748 k = 10.7 k (T) Ans.
a + ΣMC = 0;
7.6 k 7.6 k
FGH(10) - 8(10) - 6.0(6) = 0
FGH = 11.6 k (C) Ans.
+
S ΣFx = 0; - FCD - 6 - 11.6 + 8 + 4 + 10.748(sin 45°) = 0
FCD = 2.00 k (C) Ans.
MA = MB = 36.0 k # ftB Ans.
Ax = Bx = 6.00 k d  Ans.
Ay = 7.6 kT By = 7.6 k c  Ans.

Joint E:
+ QΣFx = 0; FEH = 10.7 k (T) Ans.
Joint H:
+ c ΣFy = 0; FHF sin 45° - 10.748 sin 45° = 0
FHF = 10.748 = 10.7 k (C) Ans.
+
S ΣFx = 0; FHI + 11.6 - 2(10.748)(cos 45°) = 0
FHI = 3.60 k (T) Ans.
Joint F:
a + ΣFy = 0; FFD = 10.7 k (C) Ans.
Ans.
FCE = 10.7 k (T)
FGH = 11.6 k (C)
FCD = 2.00 k (C)
MA = 36.0 k # ftB
Ax = 6.00 k d
Ay = 7.6 kT
By = 7.6 k c
FEH = 10.7 k (T)
FHF = 10.7 k (C)
FHI = 3.60 k (T)
FFD = 10.7 k (C)

600
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–28.  Determine (approximately) the force in G F E

members GH, GJ, and JK of the portal frame. Also find the
3m
reactions at the fixed column supports A and B. Assume all 40 kN H D
members of the truss to be pin connected at their ends. J K L 1.5 m
I C

6m

A B
Solution
Support Reactions. Assume that the zero moment occurs at the mid- 4m 4m 4m 4m
height of the column between A and I (point M) and between B and
C (point N). Also, the horizontal reaction component on the frame at
A and B are equal. Then
40
Ax = Bx = = 20.0 kN Ans.
2

Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMN = 0; My(16) - 40(4.5) = 0 My = 11.25 kN
a + ΣMM = 0; Ny(16) - 40(4.5) = 0 Ny = 11.25 kN
Referring to Fig. b,
+
S ΣFx = 0; Mx - 20.0 = 0 Mx = 20.0 kN
+ c ΣFy = 0; 11.25 - Ay = 0 Ay = 11.25 kN Ans.
a + ΣMA = 0; MA - 20.0(3) = 0 MA = 60.0 kN # m Ans.
Referring to Fig. c,
+
S ΣFx = 0; Nx - 20.0 = 0 Nx = 20.0 kN
+ c ΣFy = 0; By - 11.25 = 0 By = 11.25 kN Ans.
a + ΣMB = 0; MB - 20.0(3) = 0 MB = 60.0 kN # m Ans.

Method of Sections, Fig. d,

a + ΣMG = 0; 40(3) + 11.25(4) - 20.0(7.5) - FJK(3) = 0
FJK = 5.00 kN (C) Ans.

a + ΣMJ = 0;
3
FGH a b(4) + 11.25(4) - 20.0(4.5) = 0
5
FGH = 18.75 kN (C) Ans.
a + ΣMH = 0; FGJ(4) - 20.0(4.5) = 0
FGJ = 22.5 kN (T) Ans.

Ans.
Ax = Bx = 20.0 kN
Ay = 11.25 kN
MA = 60.0 kN.m
By = 11.25 kN
MB = 60.0 kN.m
FJK = 5.00 kN (C)
FGH = 18.75 kN (C)
FGJ = 22.5 kN (T)

601
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–29.  Solve Prob. 12–28 if the supports at A and B are pin G F E

connected instead of fixed.
3m
40 kN H D
J K L 1.5 m
I C

6m

A B

4m 4m 4m 4m

Solution
Support Reactions. Assume that the horizontal reaction
components on the frame at A and B are equal. Then
40
Ax = Bx = = 20.0 kN Ans.
2
Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMB = 0; Ay(16) - 40(7.5) = 0 Ay = 18.75 kN Ans.
a + ΣMA = 0; By(16) - 40(7.5) = 0 By = 18.75 kN Ans.

Method of Sections. Referring to Fig. b,

a + ΣMG = 0; FJK(3) - 40(3) + 18.75(4) - 20.0(10.5) = 0
FJK = 5.00 kN (T) Ans.
a + ΣMH = 0; FGJ(4) - 20 .0(7.5) = 0 FGJ = 37.5 kN (T) Ans.

a + ΣMJ = 0;
3
FGH a b(4) + 18 .75(4) - 20.0(7.5) = 0
5
FGH = 31.25 kN (C) Ans.

Ans.
Ax = Bx = 20.0 kN
Ay = 18.75 kN
By = 18.75 kN
FJK = 5.00 kN (T)
FGJ = 37.5 kN (T)
FGH = 31.25 kN (C)

602
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–30.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for G

column ACD of the portal. Assume all truss members and the 6 ft
columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also determine the F J
force in members FG, FH, and EH. 6 ft
4k D K
E H I 3 ft
C L

12 ft

A B

8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft

Solution
Assume that the horizontal force components at pin supports
A and B are equal. Thus,
4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k
2

Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMB = 0; Ay(32) - 4(15) = 0 Ay = 1.875 k
Using the method of sections, Fig. b,

a + ΣMH = 0;
3
FFG a b(16) + 1.875(16) - 2.00(15) = 0 FFG = 0 Ans.
5
a + ΣMF = 0; 4(6) + 1.875(8) - 2.00(21) + FEH(6) = 0
FEH = 0.500 k (T) Ans.

a + ΣMD = 0;
3
FFH a b(16) - 2.00(15) = 0 FFH = 3.125 k (C) Ans.
5

603
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–30.  (Continued)

Also, referring to Fig. c,

a + ΣME = 0;
3
FDF a b(8) + 1.875(8) - 2.00(15) = 0
5
FDF = 3.125 k (C)

a + ΣMD = 0;
3
FCE a b(8) - 2.00(15) = 0
173
FCE = 10.68 k (T)

+ 8 4
S ΣFx = 0; 4 + 10.68a b - 3.125a b - 2.00 - FDE = 0
173 5
FDE = 9.50 k (C)

Ans.
FFG = 0
FEH = 0.500 k (T);
FFH = 3.125 k (C)

604
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–31.  Solve Prob. 12–30 if the supports at A and B are fixed G

instead of pinned. 6 ft
F J

D 6 ft
4k K
E H I 3 ft
C L

12 ft

A B

Solution 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft 8 ft

Assume that the horizontal force components at fixed supports

A and B are equal. Thus,

4
Ax = Bx = = 2.00 k
2

Also, the points of inflection N and O are 6 ft above A and B,

respectively. Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMO = 0; Ny(32) - 4(9) = 0 Ny = 1.125 k
Referring to Fig. b,
+ ΣFx = 0;
S Nx - 2.00 = 0 Nx = 2.00 k
a + ΣMA = 0; MA - 2.00(6) = 0 MA = 12.0 k # ft
+ c ΣFy = 0; 1.125 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.125 k

605
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–31.  (Continued)

Using the method of sections Fig. d,

a + ΣMH = 0;
3
FFG a b(16) + 1.125(16) - 2.00(9) = 0 FFG = 0  Ans.
5

a + ΣMF = 0; -FEH(6) + 4(6) + 1.125(8) - 2.00(15) = 0 FEH = 0.500 k (C) Ans.

a + ΣMD = 0;
3
FFH a b(16) - 2.00(9) = 0 FFH = 1.875 k (C)  Ans.
5

Also, referring to Fig. e,

a + ΣME = 0;
3
FDF a b(8) + 1.125(8) - 2.00(9) = 0 FDF = 1.875 k (C)
5

a + ΣMD = 0;
3
FCE a b(8) - 2.00(9) = 0 FCE = 6.408 k (T)
173

+ 8 4
S ΣFx = 0; 4 + 6.408a b - 1.875a b - 2.00 - FDE = 0 FDE = 6.50 k (C)
173 5

Ans.
FFG = 0; FEH = 0.500 k (C);
FFH = 1.875 k (C)

606
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–32.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for 6 @ 1.5 m 5 9 m

column AJI of the portal. Assume all truss members and the H G E
2 kN I F D
columns to be pin connected at their ends. Also determine the 1.5 m
1m
force in members HG, HL, and KL.
4 kN J K L M N O C

4m

A B

Solution
Assume the horizontal force components at pin supports A and B to be equal. Thus,
2 + 4
Ax = Bx = = 3.00 kN
2

Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMB = 0; Ay(9) - 4(4) - 2(5) = 0 Ay = 2.889 kN
Using the method of sections, Fig. b,
a + ΣML = 0; FHG cos 6.340°(1.167) + FHG sin 6.340°(1.5) + 2.889(3)
  - 2(1) - 3.00(4) = 0
FHG = 4.025 kN (C) = 4.02 kN (C)  Ans.
a + ΣMH = 0; FKL(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 2.889(1.5) - 3.00(5.167) = 0
FKL = 5.286 kN (T) = 5.29 kN (T)  Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; FHL cos 52.13° - 4.025 sin 6.340° - 2.889 = 0
FHL = 5.429 kN (C) = 5.43 kN (C)  Ans.
Also, referring to Fig. c,
a + ΣMH = 0; FJK(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 2.889(1.5) - 3.00(5.167) = 0
FJK = 5.286 kN (T)

607
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–32.  (Continued)

a + ΣMJ = 0; FIH cos 6.340°(1) - 2(1) - 3.00(4) = 0

FIH = 14.09 kN (C)
+ c ΣFy = 0; FJH sin 37.87° - 14.09 sin 6.340° - 2.889 = 0
FJH = 7.239 kN (T)

Ans.
FHG = 4.02 kN (C)
FKL = 5.29 kN (T)
FHL = 5.43 kN (C)

608
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–33.  Solve Prob. 12–32 if the supports at A and B are fixed 6 @ 1.5 m 5 9 m
instead of pinned. H G E
2 kN I F D
1.5 m
1m
4 kN J K L M N O C

4m

A B

Solution
Assume that the horizontal force components at fixed supports
A and B are equal. Therefore,

2 + 4
Ax = Bx = = 3.00 kN
2

Also, the reflection points P and R are located 2 m above A and

B, respectively. Referring to Fig. a,
a + ΣMR = 0; Py(9) - 4(2) - 2(3) = 0 Py = 1.556 kN
Referring to Fig. b,
+
S ΣFx = 0; Px - 3.00 = 0 Px = 3.00 kN
a + ΣMA = 0; MA - 3.00(2) = 0 MA = 6.00 kN # m
+ c ΣFy = 0; 1.556 - Ay = 0 Ay = 1.556 kN
Using the method of sections, Fig. d,
a + ΣML = 0; FHG cos 6.340°(1.167) + FHG sin 6.340°(1.5) + 1.556(3) - 3.00(2) - 2(1) = 0
FHG = 2.515 kN (C) = 2.52 kN (C)  Ans.
a + ΣMH = 0; FKL(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 4(1.167) + 1.556(1.5) - 3.00(3.167) = 0
FKL = 1.857 kN (T) = 1.86 kN (T)  Ans.
+ c ΣFy = 0; FHL cos 52.13° - 2.515 sin 6.340° - 1.556 = 0
FHL = 2.986 kN (C) = 2.99 kN (C)  Ans.
Also referring to Fig. e,
a + ΣMH = 0; FJK(1.167) + 4(1.167) + 2(0.167) + 1.556(1.5) - 3.00(3.167) = 0
FJK = 1.857 kN (T)
a + ΣMJ = 0; FIH cos 6.340°(1) - 2(1) - 3.00(2) = 0
FIH = 8.049 kN (C)
+ c ΣFy = 0; FJH sin 37.87° - 8.049 sin 6.340° - 1.556 = 0
FJH = 3.982 kN (T)

609
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–33.  (Continued)

610
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–33.  (Continued)

Ans.
FHG = 2.52 kN (C);
FKL = 1.86 kN (T);
FHL = 2.99 kN (C)

611
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–34.  Use the portal method of analysis and draw the 10 k F E D

moment diagram for girder FED.

30 ft

A B C

20 ft 20 ft

Solution

Ans.
M max = 37.5 k # ft

612
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–35.  Use the portal method and determine (approximately) 36 kN E F G H

the reactions at A, B, C, and D of the frame.

10 m

A B C D

8m 12 m 8m

Solution
+
S ΣFx = 0; - 6V + 8 = 0
V = 1.333 k
Ay = 1.33 k Ans. By = 0.444 k Ans.
Ax = 1.33 k Ans. Bx = 2.67 k Ans.
MA = 13.3 k # ft Ans. MB = 26.7 k # ft Ans.
Cy = 0.444 k Ans. Dy = 1.33 k Ans.
C x = 2.67 k Ans. Dx = 1.33 k Ans.
MC = 26.7 k # ft Ans. MD = 13.3 k # ft Ans.

Ans.
Ay = 1.33 k
Ax = 1.33 k
MA = 13.3 k # ft
Cy = 0.444 k
C x = 2.67 k
MC = 26.7 k # ft
By = 0.444 k
Bx = 2.67 k
MB = 26.7 k # ft
Dy = 1.33 k
Dx = 1.33 k
MD = 13.3 k # ft

613
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–36.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for the 36 kN E F G H

girder EFGH. Use the portal method.

10 m

A B C D

8m 12 m 8m

Solution

614
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–36.  (Continued)

Ans.
Ax = 6.00 kN
MA = 30.0 kN # m
Ay = 7.50 kN
Bx = 12.0 kN
MB = 60.0 kN # m
By = 2.50 kN
Cx = 12.0 kN
MC = 60.0 kN # m
Cy = 2.50 kN
Dx = 6.00 kN
MD = 30.0 kN # m
Dy = 7.50 kN
M max = 30.0 kN # m

615
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–37.  Use the portal method and determine (approximately) I J K L

the reactions at supports A, B, C, and D. 9 kN

4m

E F G H
12 kN

4m

A B C D

5m 5m 5m

Solution 9 kN
I N J P K R L

M O Q S 4m

E U F W G Y H
12 kN

T V X Z 4m

A B C D

5m 5m 5m

616
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–37.  (Continued)

d Ans.
B Ans.
d Ans. Ans.
c Ans.
T Ans.

617
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–37.  (Continued)

d Ans.
B Ans.

Ans.
d Ans.

B Ans.

c Ans.

Ans.
Ax = 3.50 kN d
MA = 7.00 kN # mB
Ay = 5.20 kNT
Bx = 7.00 kN d
MB = 14.0 kN # mB
By = 0
Cx = 7.00 kN d
MC = 14.0 kN # mB
Cy = 0
Dx = 3.50 kN d
MD = 7.00 kN # mB
Dy = 5.20 kN c

618
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12–38.  Use the cantilever method and determine I J K L

9 kN
(approximately) the reactions at supports A, B, C, and D. All
columns have the same cross-sectional area.
4m

E F G H
12 kN

4m

A B C D

5m 5m 5m

Solution 9 kN
I N J P K R L

M O Q S 4m

E U F W G Y H
12 kN

T V X Z 4m

A B C D

5m 5m 5m

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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–38.  (Continued)

d Ans.
d Ans.
B Ans.
B Ans.
T Ans.
T Ans.

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12–38.  (Continued)

d Ans.
d Ans.

B Ans. B Ans.

c Ans. c Ans.

Ans.
Ax = 3.15 kN d
MA = 6.30 kN # mB
Ay = 4.68 kNT
Bx = 7.35 kN d
MB = 14.7 kN # mB
By = 1.56 kNT
Cx = 7.35 kN d
MC = 14.7 kN # mB
Cy = 1.56 kN c
Dx = 3.15 kN d
MD = 6.30 kN # mB
Dy = 4.68 kN c

621
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–39.  Use the portal method of analysis and draw the E H

D
moment diagram for column AFE. 15 kN

4m G I

F K
30 kN C

4m J L

A B

6m
Solution

622
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–40.  Solve Prob. 12–39 using the cantilever method of E H

D
analysis. All the columns have the same cross-sectional area. 15 kN

4m G I

F K
30 kN C

4m J L

A B

6m

Solution

623
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–41.  Use the portal method and determine 3k

(approxi­
mately) the axial force, shear force, and moment G H I
at A. 12 ft

6k
D E F

18 ft

A B C

20 ft 20 ft

12 in2 8 in2 10 in2

Solution
+
S ΣFx = 0; 4V - 3 = 0
V = 0.75 k

+
S ΣFx = 0; 4V′ - 9 = 0
V′ = 2.25 k

Ay = 2.925 k c NA = - 2.925 k Ans.

Ax = 2.25 k S VA = 2.25 k Ans.
MA = 20.25 k # ftA Ans.

Ans.
Ay = 2.925 k c NA = - 2.925 k
Ax = 2.25 k S VA = 2.25 k
MA = 20.25 k # ftA

624
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–42.  Solve Prob. 12–41 using the cantilever method. Each 3k

column has the cross-sectional area indicated. G H I
12 ft

6k
D E F

18 ft

A B C

20 ft 20 ft

12 in2 8 in2 10 in2

Solution 8(20) = 10(40)

a + MNA = 0;
x = = 18.667 ft
30
- Ky(1.333) - Ly(21.333) - Jy(18.667) + 3(6) = 0

1.333 Ky 1.333 Jy 3k
sK = s; = a b Ky = 0.04762 Jy G H I
18.667 j 8 18.667 12
12 ft
J K L
21.333 Ly 21.333 Jy
sL = s; = a b Ly = 0.9524 Jy 6k
18.667 j 10 18.667 12
D E F
Jy = 0.461 k Ky = 0.02195 k Ly = 0.439 k
18 ft M N O

A B C

x
20 ft 20 ft

12 in2 8 in2 10 in2

a + ΣMNA = 0;
- My(18.667) - Ny(1.333) - Oy(21.333) + 6(9) + 3(21) = 0
Ny = 0.04762My Oy = 0.9524My
My = 2.9963 k Ny = 0.1427 k Oy = 2.8537 k
Ay = 3.00 k c NA = - 3 k
Ax = 2.30 k S VA = 2.3 k
MA = 20.7 k # ftA

Ans.
Ay = 3.00 k c NA = - 3 k
Ax = 2.30 k S VA = 2.3 k
MA = 20.7 k # ftA

625
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–43.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for girder P Q R S T

PQRST and column AFKP of the building frame. Use the 12 kN
portal method. K L M N O 4m
24 kN

F G H I J 4m
24 kN
4m
A B C D E

6m 6m 8m 8m

Solution

626
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–43.  (Continued)

627
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–44.  Draw (approximately) the moment diagram for P Q R S T

12 kN
girder PQRST and column AFKP of the building frame. All
columns have the same cross-sectional area. Use the cantilever K L M N O 4m
method. 24 kN

F G H I J 4m
24 kN
4m
A B C D E

6m 6m 8m 8m

Solution
Referring to Fig. a,
0 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 28
x = = 13.2 m
5

a + ΣMU = 0;
17 37 1 6
a F b(20) + a F1 b(28) - a F1 b(12) - a F1 b(6) - 12(2) = 0 F1 = 0.6429 kN
33 1 33 11 11

Referring to Fig. b,

a + ΣMV = 0;
17 37 1 6
a F b(20) + a F2 b(28) - a F2 b(12) - a F2 b(6) - 12(6) - 24(2) = 0 F2 = 3.2143 kN
33 2 33 11 11

Referring to Fig. c,

a + ΣMW = 0;
17 37 1 6
a F b(20) + a F3 b(28) - a F3 b(12) - a F2 b(6) - 12(10) - 24(6) - 24(2) = 0 F3 = 8.3571 kN
33 3 33 11 11

628
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

*12–44.  (Continued)

629
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–45.  Draw the moment diagram for girder IJKL of the I J K L

20 kN
building frame. Use the portal method of analysis. Each column
has the cross-sectional area indicated.
4m

E F G H
40 kN

4m

A B C D

4m 5m 4m

Area 24 (1023) m2 16 (1023) m2 16 (1023) m2 24 (1023) m2

Solution
+
S ΣFx = 0; 10 - 6V = 0; V = 1.667 kN

The equilibrium of each segment is shown on the FBDs.

630
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currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

12–46.  Draw the moment diagram for girder IJKL of the I J K L

20 kN
building frame. Use the cantilever method of analysis. Each
column has the cross-sectional area indicated.
4m

E F G H
40 kN

4m

A B C D

4m 5m 4m

Area 24 (1023) m2 16 (1023) m2 16 (1023) m2 24 (1023) m2

Solution
The centroid of column area is in the center of the framework.
F
Since s = , then
A
6.5 F1 6.5 F2
s1 = a bs ; = a b; F1 = 3.90 F2
2.5 2 12 2.5 8
s4 = s1; F4 = F 1
s2 = s3; F2 = F 3
a + MM = 0; - 2(10) - 4(F2) + 9(F2) + 13(3.90F2) = 0
F2 = 0.359 k
F1 = 1.400 k
The equilibrium of each segment is shown on the FBDs.

631