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Eman Data and Info

This document discusses the differences between data and information. It defines data as raw and unorganized facts that require processing to become meaningful, while information is processed data that has been organized to have context and meaning. The key difference is that data is meaningless on its own, while information carries significance. Data does not depend on information, but information is dependent on data. Examples of data include temperature readings and website visitor numbers, while analyzed conclusions from that raw data, like determining trends, constitute information. The DIKW model represents the structural relationships between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.

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100 views8 pages

Eman Data and Info

This document discusses the differences between data and information. It defines data as raw and unorganized facts that require processing to become meaningful, while information is processed data that has been organized to have context and meaning. The key difference is that data is meaningless on its own, while information carries significance. Data does not depend on information, but information is dependent on data. Examples of data include temperature readings and website visitor numbers, while analyzed conclusions from that raw data, like determining trends, constitute information. The DIKW model represents the structural relationships between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom.

Uploaded by

Dlzar Abubakr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Ministry Of Higher Education and Science Research

Sulaimani Polytechnic University


Kalar Technical Institute
Maternity and obstetric Department
Subject: Computer

Information and Data

By
Eman Star qadr

:Email
:.Phone no

Supervised by
Rozhgar M. Qadir

2019-2020
Table of Contents:

1. An introduction to data and information


2. What is Data ?
3. What is information?
4. What is the different between data and information?
5. What is Data Processing Cycle
6. Examples of Data and Information
7. DIKW (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom)
8. References
Introduction

Computers are used to find, store, process and share data and information. The World
Wide Web is an example of a vast store of information, which can be searched. This
material will introduce you to what a web browser is and how to use one. The use of
search engines to find information more effectively on the web will also be demonstrated.
This course looks at how data is transformed into information and relates the topics of
data and information to the computer. These are fundamental issues in an understanding
of the way in which the computer has shaped and changed contemporary life.

?What is Data
Data is a raw and unorganized fact that required to be processed to make it meaningful. Data
can be simple at the same time unorganized unless it is organized. Generally, data comprises
facts, observations, perceptions numbers, characters, symbols, image, etc.

Data is always interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning. So, data is


meaningless. Data contains numbers, statements, and characters in a raw form.

Think of the data that is created when you buy a product from a retailer. This includes:

- Time and date of transaction (e.g. 10:05 Tuesday 23 December 20X3)


- Transaction value (e.g. £55.00)
- Facts about what was bought (e.g. hairdryer, cosmetics pack, shaving foam) and how much
was bought (quantities)
- How payment was made (e.g. credit card, credit card number and code)
- Which employee recorded the sale
- Whether any promotional discount applied
?What is Information
Information is a set of data which is processed in a meaningful way according to the given
requirement. Information is processed, structured, or presented in a given context to make it
meaningful and useful.
It is processed data which includes data that possess context, relevance, and purpose. It also
involves manipulation of raw data.
Information assigns meaning and improves the reliability of the data. It helps to ensure
undesirability and reduces uncertainty. So, when the data is transformed into information, it
never has any useless details.

Some different between Data Vs. Information


Parameters Data Information
Description Qualitative Or It is a group of data which carries
QuantitativeVariables which helps news and meaning.
to develop ideas or conclusions.
Etymology Data comes from a Latin word, Information word has old French and
datum, which means "To give middle English origins. It has
something." Over a time "data" has referred to the "act of informing.". It
become the plural of datum. is mostly used for education or other
known communication.
Format Data is in the form of numbers, Ideas and inferences
letters, or a set of characters.
Represented in It can be structured, tabular data, Language, ideas, andthoughts based
graph, data tree, etc. on the given data.
Meaning Data does not have any specific It carries meaning that has been
purpose. assigned by interpreting data.
Interrelation Information that is collected Information that is processed.
Feature Data is a single unit and is raw. It Information is the product and group
alone doesn't have any meaning. of data which jointly carry a logical
meaning.
Dependence It never depends on Information It depended on Data.
Measuring Measured in bits and bytes. Measured in meaningful units like
unit time, quantity, etc.
Support for It can't be used for decision making It is widely used for decision
Decision making.
making
Contains Unprocessed raw factors Processed in a meaningful way
Knowledge It is low-level knowledge. It is the second level of knowledge.
level
Characteristic Data is the property of an Information is available for sale to the
organization and is not available for public.
sale to the public.
Dependency Data depends upon the sources for Information depends upon data.
collecting data.
Example Ticket sales on a band on tour. Sales report by region and venue. It
gives information which venue is
profitable for that business.

Data Processing Cycle


Data processing is the re-structuring or re-ordering of data by people or machine to increase
their usefulness and add values for a particular purpose. Data processing consists of the
following basic steps - input, processing, and output. These three steps constitute the data
processing cycle.

Input − In this step, the input data is prepared in some


convenient form for processing. The form will depend on
the processing machine. For example, when electronic
computers are used, the input data can be recorded on any one of the several types of input
medium, such as magnetic disks, tapes, and so on.

Processing − In this step, the input data is changed to produce data in a more useful form.
For example, pay-checks can be calculated from the time cards, or a summary of sales for the
month can be calculated from the sales orders.

Output − At this stage, the result of the proceeding processing step is collected. The
particular form of the output data depends on the use of the data. For example, output data
may be pay-checks for employees.
Examples of Data and Information
The history of temperature readings all over the world for the past 100 years is data. If this
data is organized and analyzed to find that global temperature is rising, then that is
information.

The number of visitors to a website by country is an example of data. Finding out that traffic
from the U.S. is increasing while that from Australia is decreasing is meaningful
information.

Often data is required to back up a claim or conclusion (information) derived


or deduced from it. For example, before a drug is approved by the FDA, the manufacturer
must conduct clinical trials and present a lot of data to demonstrate that the drug is safe

DIKW (Data Information Knowledge Wisdom)


DIKW is the model used for discussion of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and their
interrelationships. It represents structural or functional relationships between data,
information, knowledge, and wisdom.

Example:
KEY DIFFERENCE
Data is a raw and unorganized fact that is required to be processed to make it meaningful
whereas Information is a set of data that is processed in a meaningful way according to the
given requirement.

Data does not have any specific purpose whereas Information carries a meaning that has
been assigned by interpreting data.

Data alone has no significance while Information is significant by itself.

Data never depends on Information while Information is dependent on Data.

Data measured in bits and bytes, on the other hand, Information is measured in meaningful
units like time, quantity, etc.

Data can be structured, tabular data, graph, data tree whereas Information is language, ideas,
and thoughts based on the given data.
References:
 Data - definition and examples on  Wiktionary.org
 Information -  Wiktionary.org
 https://www.guru99.com/difference-information-data.html
 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_fundamentals/computer_networking.htm
 https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/the-difference-between-data-and-information
 https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001629.htm

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