Cairo Inspection Company

Eng. Ibrahim Eldesoky

ASNT –NDT-LEVEL III
ASME AUTHORIZED INSPECTOR
 Failure of materials and fabricated assemblies can
occur In one of two ways:
Ductile or Brittle
 ASME impact testing rules determine ability to resist
brittle failure.
Characteristics Affecting Resistance To Brittle Failure
 Mechanical properties and chemical composition of:
Base material , Weld material, Weldments
 Thickness
 Applied Stress
 Metal Temperature
 Impact testing is required unless exempted by
Code.
 Requirements for IT exemptions are described in
Subsection C for a given class of material.
 Exemptions may appear either directly in Code
paragraphs, or by paragraph reference to Code
figures and notes.
When not exempted, impact testing shall be by the
charpy V notch testing method & shall meet the
requirements of UG-84 which may include testing of:
materials, including welding material, PQR material
weldments fabrications
(a) general
(b) test procedures
(c) test specimens
(d) IT of materials
(e) procedural requirements
(f) IT of welds
(g) specimen location, orientation, testing
temperature and acceptance values
(h) IT of PQR specimens
(i) Vessel (Production) IT test plates
(j) rejection
 Charpy V Notch Impact Testing Method
 Rules for the performance of impact testing appear in UG-84.
 I.T. procedures and apparatus shall conform to SA-370.
 Calibration of IT. Equipment shall be performed in accordance
with ASTM E23.
Principles of the Charpy V Notch Method
SA-370, 21.1.1: A charpy impact machine is
one in which a notched specimen is broken by
a single blow of a freely swinging pendulum.
The pendulum is released from a fixed height
so that the energy of the blow is fixed and
known.
• The height to which the pendulum rises in its swing after breaking the
specimen is measured and used to determine the residual energy of the
pendulum. The specimen is supported horizontally as a simple beam
with the axis of the notch vertical. It is struck in the middle of the face
opposite the notch.
Principles of the Charpy V Notch Method

Fig. UG-84 Simple Beam

Impact
Test Specimens (Charpy
Type Test)

O = original width before break

F = final width after break

Determining Lateral Expansion

 One "set" is composed of 3 specimens
 Specimens are tested at or below the
MDMT of the vessel.
 Testing determines
 Ft/lb's of force required to break the
specimens,
 lateral expansion (mils), measured
after breaking,
 brittle or ductile fracture.
 UG-20
(f) Impact testing per UG-84 is not mandatory for pressure vessel materials
which satisfy all of the following.
(1) The material shall be limited to P-No. 1, Gr. No. 1 or 2, and the thickness,
as defined in UCS-66(a) [see also General Note (1) in Fig. UCS-66.2], shall
not exceed that given in (a) or (b) below:
(a) 1 / 2 in. (13 mm) for materials listed in Curve A of Fig. UCS-66;
(b) 1 in. (25 mm) for materials listed in Curve B, C, or D of Fig. UCS-66.
(2) The completed vessel shall be hydrostatically tested per UG-99(b) or (c) or
27-4.
(3) Design temperature is no warmer than 650°F (345°C) nor colder than
−20°F (−29°C). Occasional operating temperatures colder than −20°F
(−29°C) are acceptable when due to lower seasonal atmospheric
temperature.
(4) Thermal or mechanical shock loadings are not a controlling design
requirement,
(5) cyclical loading is not a controlling design requirement.22
 UCS-66 Materials
 (a) Figure UCS-66 shall be used to establish impact testing
exemptions for steels listed in Part UCS.
 Unless otherwise exempted by the rules of this Division, impact
testing is required for a combination of minimum design metal
temperature (MDMT) and thickness which is below the curve
assigned to the subject material.
 If a MDMT and thickness combination is on or above the curve,
impact testing is not required by the rules of this Division, except
as required by:
UCS-66(J), and UCS-67(a)(2)
 Pressure parts shall be evaluated as separate components
(e.g., Shells, heads, nozzles, man ways, reinforcing pads, flanges,
tube sheets, flat cover plates, backing strips [remaining in place]
and attachments essential to the structural integrity of the vessel
when welded to the pressure containing component .
Each Component shall be evaluated for impact test
requirements based on its individual material: Classification
Thickness, MDMT

 The following thickness limitations apply when using Fig. UCS-66.

Excluding castings, the governing thickness (tg)of a welded part
is as follows:
 (a)(l)(a) For butt joints (except those in flat heads and tube
sheets), the nominal
thickness of the thickest
welded joint
[see Fig. UCS-66.3,
sketch (a)],
 (a)(l)(b) For corner, fillet or
lap welded joints, including
attachments, the thinner of
the two parts joined.
(a)(l)(c) For flat heads or tube
sheets, the larger of (b) above
or the component thickness
divided by four,
(a)(l)(d) for welded assemblies comprised of more than two
components (e.g., nozzle-to-shell joint with reinforcing pad), t
and MDMT of the individual welded joints of the assembly shall
be determined, and the warmest of the MOMTs shall be used as
the MDMT of the welded assembly, [see Figure UCS-66.3, sketch
(b)]
(1) If the governing thickness at any welded joint exceeds 4
inches and the MDMT is colder than 120°F (49° C), impact
tested material shall be used.
(2) The governing thickness of a casting shall be its largest
nominal thickness.
(3) The governing thickness of flat nonwelded parts, such as
bolted flanges, tube sheets, and flat heads, is the flat
component thickness divided by four.
(4) The governing thickness of a nonwelded dished head [Fig.
1-6 sketch (c)] is the greater of the flat flange thickness
divided by 4 or the minimum thickness of the dished portion.
(5) If the Governing thickness of a nonwelded part exceeds 6
inches (150 mm) and the minimum design temperature is
colder than 120°F (50°C), impact tested material shall be
used
 (b) When the coincident ratio defined in Fig. UCS-66.1 is less
than one, Figure UCS-66.1 provides a basis for the use of
components made of Part UCS materials to have a colder MDMT
than that derived from UCS-66(a) without impact testing.
 (b)(l)(a) For such components, and for a MDMT of -55°F (-48°C)
and warmer, the MDMT without impact testing determined in (a)
above for the given material and thickness may be reduced as
determined by Fig, UCS-66.2.
 If the resulting temperature is colder than the required MDMT,
impact testing of the material is not required.
 (b)(l)(b) Fig. UCS-66.1 may also be used for components not
stressed in general primary membrane tensile stress (defined in
Appendix 3).
 (b)(l)(c) In lieu of using (b)(l)(b), the MDMT
determined in UCS66(a) or (c) may be reduced for a
flange attached by welding, by the same reduction as
determined in (b)(l)(b) for the neck or shell to which the
flange is attached.

 (b)(2) For minimum design temperatures colder than

-55°F (-48°C), impact testing is required for all
materials, except as allowed in (b)(3) and in UCS-68(c).

 (b)(3) When the MDMT is colder than -55°F (-48°C)

and no colder than -155°F (-105°C), and the
coincident ratio (Fig. UCS 66.1) is< 0.35, impact testing
is not required.
 If post weld heat treating is performed when it Is not
otherwise a requirement of this Division, a 30°F (17°C)
reduction in the impact testing exemption temperature may
be given to the minimum permissible temperature from Fig.
UCS-66 for P-No.1 materials. The resulting exemption
temperature may be colder than -55°F (-48°C).
 No impact testing is required for the following flanges
when used at MDMTs no colder than -20°F (-29°C):
(1) ASME B16.5, ferritic steel
(2) ASME B16.47, ferrltic steel
(3) split loose flanges using SA-216 GR WCB
(4) Carbon and low alloy steel long weld neck flanges
 UCS-67, Impact Testing Of Welding
Procedures
Except as exempted in UG-20(f), the Welding Procedure
Qualification shall include impact tests of the welds and
heat affected zones (HAZ) made in accordance with UG-84
when required by the following provisions:

The MDMT used below shall be that stamped on the

nameplate or the exemption temperature of the welded
component before applying the temperature reduction
permitted by: UCS-66(b) [reduction in MDMT based on
material thickness ratio] UCS-68(c). [non-mandatory PWHT]
 UG-84(c) Test Specimens

UG-84(c)(1) Each set of impact test specimens shall

consist of three specimens.

UG-84(c)(2) The impact test specimens shall be of

the Charpy V-notch type and shall conform in all
respects to Fig. UG-84. The standard (10 mm x 10
mm) specimens, when obtainable, shall be used for
nominal thicknesses of 7/16 in. (11 mm) or greater,
except as otherwise permitted
UG-84(c)(6) When the average value of the three
specimens equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted
for a single specimen and the value for more than one
specimen is below the required average value, or when the
value for one specimen is below the minimum value
permitted for a single specimen, a retest of three additional
specimens shall be made. The value for each of these retest
specimens shall equal or exceed the required average value.
When an erratic result is caused by a defective specimen or
there is uncertainty in test procedure, a retest will be
allowed. When the option of (c)(2)(a) above is used for the
initial test and the acceptance value of 75 ft-lbf (100J)
minimum is not attained, retest using full size (10 mm10
mm) specimens will be allowed.