International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2019 675

ISSN 2250-3153

Design Calculation and Performance Analysis of Single

Suction Centrifugal Pump
Aye Thida San*, Min Min Oo**, Chaw Wint Yee Zaw**

* Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University (Pathein), Myanmar
**
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University (Pathein), Myanmar
**Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technological University (Thanlyin), Myanmar

DOI: 10.29322/IJSRP.9.08.2019.p9298
http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.9.08.2019.p9298

Abstract- Centrifugal pumps are used widely for hydraulic In a centrifugal pump, the liquid forces by atmospheric
transportation of liquids through pipelines where the requirement and other pressure into a set of rotating vanes. A centrifugal
of head and discharge are moderate. This paper presents the pump consists of a set of rotating vanes enclosed within a
design of impeller and casing of single suction centrifugal pump housing or casing that is used to impart energy to a fluid through
and performance analysis of losses. The impeller and the casing centrifugal force.
are a rotating component and a stationary component. Water A pump transfer mechanical energy from some external
enters axial flow through the impeller eyes and exits radial flow source to the liquid flowing through it and losses occur in any
in centrifugal pump. The pump casing is to control the liquid to energy conversion process. The energy transferred is predicted
the impeller, transfers into pressure the high velocity kinetic by the Euler equation. The energy transfer quantities are losses
energy of the flow from the impeller discharge and leaves liquid between fluid power and mechanical power of the impeller or
away of the energy having imparted to the liquid comes from the runner.
volute casing. The design calculation and performance analysis
of single suction centrifugal pump are describe because it is the
most essential useful mechanical dynamic machine in fluid
works which used for water supply plants, irrigation, industry,
steam power plants, hydraulic power service, mine and river
water pumping system,
In this paper, pump is single stage single suction
centrifugal pump and it has a head of 50 m, the flow rate of 200
m3 /hr and the motor speed is 1480 rpm. The value of specific
speed is 18.46. The number of blades is 6 blades. The pump
power is 29.98KW electric motor and the design is Berman
Method is used. The performance analysis of centrifugal pump is
carried out the dimensions of centrifugal pump. So shock losses,
impeller friction losses, volute friction losses of centrifugal pump
are determine in performance analysis of centrifugal pump.

Index Terms- impeller, centrifugal pump design, performance,

Berman Method, Euler’s Equation
Figure 1: Single Suction centrifugal Pump
I. INTRODUCTION

T he centrifugal pump is a mechanical device which transports

water from a lower level to higher level or from a lower
pressure area to a higher pressure area. Mechanical energy is
II. DESIGN CALCULATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
SINGLE SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
A. Design of Centrifugal pump
given to the pump and it converts into hydraulic energy of fluid. The design pump is single stage centrifugal pump.
It consist an impeller rotating within a pump casing. In dynamics Impeller is designed on the basic of design flow rate, pump
pump, the energy is transferred by rotary motion is dynamic head and pump specific speed. So, the design data are
action. The input power of the pump is mechanical energy of the required to design the centrifugal pump. For design
drive shaft and the output power is hydraulic energy. The calculation, the design parameters are taken as follows:
rotating blade system imparts a force on the fluid, thereby Flow rate, Q = 200 m3/hr
making the fluid to move. The fluid coming into the pump is Head, H = 10 m
pushed towards the outlet mechanically where positive pressure Rotational speed, N = 1480 rpm
is generated. Pumps are classified in number of the ways based Density of water, ρ = 1000 kg/m3
on their purpose, specifications, design and environment. Inlet impeller diameter, D1 =110 mm

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2019 676
ISSN 2250-3153

Outlet impeller diameter, D2 = 310 mm Pump efficiency is

Impeller width at inlet, b1 =40 mm
Impeller width at outlet, b2 =25 mm η0 = ηm × η v × ηr (5)
Overall efficiency, η0 = 90 %
Suction pipe diameter = 6 inch
Discharge pipe diameter = 3 inch Where, η m = mechanical efficiency
ηr =hydraulic efficiency
The design of centrifugal pump incluses a large number ηv= volumetric efficiency
of inters dependent variables so there are several possible
designs for the same duty. One of the most difficult design The inlet area of a impeller is;
problems is to predict the impeller head slip. The difference π 2
between the theoretical head for a number of impeller vanes A1 = D1 (6)
and the theoretical head deduced from the net horse power 4
given to the fluid passing through the impeller. Before pump
design or selection can be got, specification is needed to be Where, D1 = inlet impeller diameter
established which express several requirements. The outlet area of a impeller is;
Specific speed is used to classify impeller on the basic o
f their performance, and proportions regardless of their A 2 = πD 2 b 2 (7)
actual size or the speed at which they operate.
Where, D2 = outlet impeller diameter
Q b2 = impeller width at outlet
Specific speed; ns = 3.65N 3
(1)
H 4 Velocity diagram
Where, ns = specific speed A study of the several component velocities of flow
Q = flow rate through an impeller is best carried out graphically by mean of
N= rotational speed velocity vectors. The shape of such vector diagram is triangular
H = head and they are called velocity triangles. It can be drawn for any
point of the flow path through the impeller, but usually attention
Capacity, volute flow rate of a pump is the amount of is focused on the inlet and outlet triangles.
water pumped per unit time and it is also known traditionally
as volume flow rate. The capacity is directly related with the
velocity of flow in the suction pipe.

Capacity; Q = AV (2)
Where, A = area of pipe
V = volume flow rate

Water power and shaft power

The water power is the power imported to the water by
the pump. To calculate the water power, the flow rate and the
pump head must be known. As a result, to provide a certain
amount of power to the water a large amount of power must be
provided to the pump shaft. The power is called brake power.
The efficiency of the pump determines how much more power is
required at the shaft. Figure 2: Inlet Flow Velocity and Outlet Flow Velocity
The water power is determine from the relationship Diagram

N = ρgHQ (3) The blade velocity at inlet is;

Where, ρ = density of water
πD1 N
g = gravitational acceleration
U1 = (8)
60
The shaft power is;
Where, U1 = blade velocity
waterpower N = rotational speed
shaft power = (4)
η0
Where, η0 = overall efficiency The relative velocity at inlet is;

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2019 677
ISSN 2250-3153

Q the blade angle at outlet is;

Vf1 = Vf2
πD1 b1 (9)
tanα 2 =
Vω2 (13)
Where, Vf1 = radial velocity at inlet
b1 = impeller width at inlet Where; α2 = guide vane angle at outlet
Vω2 = tangential velocity at outlet
The blade angle at inlet is; Vf2
tanβ 2 =
Vf1 U 2 − Vω2 (14)
tanβ1 =
U 1 − Vω1 (10)
Where; Vω2 = tangential velocity at outlet
β2 = blade angle at outlet
Where, Vω1 = tangential velocity
β1 = blade angle at inlet Theoretical head is;

The blade velocity at outlet is; 1

H th = U 2 Vω2 (15)
πD 2 N g
U2 = (11) Where; H t h = theoretical head
60
Blade number
Where; U2 = tangential blade velocity Higher frication losses are related to many blade casing
low blade loading. The choice of fewer blades leading to a higher
The relative velocity at outlet is; blade loading hydraulic losses may rise due to increasing
secondary flow and stronger deviating between blade and flow
Q direction.
Vf2 =
πD 2 b 2 (12)
D 2 + D1 β + β2
Z≈k sin 1
D 2 − D1 2 (16)
Where, Vf2 = radial velocity at outlet
b2 = impeller width at outlet

Where, ϭ = slip factor

III. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE SUCTION
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Net Theoretical Head (sinβ 2 )0.5
If the slip factor is known, the net theoretical head may σ = 1− (19)
be obtained from Euler’s head. By using Euler’s equation, It is β1 Z 0.7
possible to relate the theoretical characteristic obtained to the Shock Losses
actual characteristic for various losses responsible for the The shock loss is considered major losses at the
difference. The slip factor is used which various with flow rate, impeller inlet caused by the mismatch of fluid and metal angles.
enables the net theoretical head curve to obtained. At flow rate Shock losses are finding everywhere in the flow range of the
below design flow rate, separation occurs on the suction side of pump. Shock loss is given by following equation;
the blade.
h s = k(Q s − Q N ) 2 (20)
The net theoretical head is calculated by;
Maximum flow rate;
U 2 Vω2
H thn = (17) Q N = πD1 b1 Vω1 (21)
g
The shut off head;
U 22 − U 12
At the outlet, the whirl velocity is ;
H shut −off = (22)
2g
Vω2 = U 2 σ − Vω2 cotβ 2 (18) In the shut off condition is, Q =0 and hs = Hshut-off

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2019 678
ISSN 2250-3153

The inlet relative velocity is;

The hydraulic efficiency is;
Vω1
0.42 Vr1 = (26)
ηr = 1 − (23) sinβ1
(logD1 − 0.172) 2

The outlet relative velocity;

The flow rate and the shock loss of head is showed in Figure 3. Vω2
The shock loss of head is increasing when the flow rate is Vr2 = (27)
decreasing. Shock loss is not in the design point condition. If this sinβ 2
condition is over, the value of the shock loss of head is high.
In figure 4 is showed the influence of the geometry of the
impeller friction losses. The analysis of the curves descries that
small difference between the points for the flow rate and the
impeller friction loss of head. The impeller loss of head is
increasing when the flow rate is increasing.

Figure 3 Shock Losses and Flow Rate Graph

Impeller Friction losses

The impeller was designed that the width of the impeller
would become small and friction loss at the flow passage would
become large. Therefore to relive the increase in friction losses,
Figure 4 Impeller Friction Losses and Flow Rate Graph
radial flow passage on the plane of the impeller was adopted.
The friction losses can be found for energy dissipation due to
The losses of Volute Friction
contact of the fluid with solid boundaries such as stationary
The losses of volute friction results from a mismatch of
vanes, impeller, casing, disk and diffuser.
the velocity is outer the impeller and the velocity in the volute
throat. If the velocity reaching the volute throat is larger than the
The impeller friction losses are;
velocity at the throat, the velocity head difference is less. The
velocity reaching the volute throat by assuming that the velocity
b (D − D1 )(Vr1 − Vr2 )
2
is leaving the impeller decreases in proportional to the radius
h1 = 2 2 (24) because of the conservation of angular momentum.
2sinβ 2 H r 4g
The volute friction loss are;
The hydraulic radius;
C v V32
 πD 2  h2 = (28)
b2  sinβ 2 2g
Hr =  Z 
(25) The volute throat velocity is;
 πD 2 
b2 +  sinβ 2
 Z  V3 =
Q
(29)
A3

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ISSN 2250-3153

The volute throat area;

No Descriptions Symbol Results
D 
A 3 = Vu2  2  (30)
1 Guide Vane angle at inlet α1 0
 D3 
Whirl velocity; 2 Guide Vane angle at outlet α2 6.23˚

Vu2 = U 2 − Vω2 cotβ 2 (31) 3 Blade angle at inlet β1 24.98˚

The volute flow coefficient is; 4 Blade angle at outlet β2 32˚

5 Number of blades Z 6
 L 
C v = 1 +  0.02 × vm  (32)
 D vm  6 Inlet area of impeller A1 0.0863 m2

The volute circumferential length; 7 Outlet area of impeller A2 0.0243 m2

8 Specific Speed ns 18.46

πD1
L vm = (33)
8 9 Water power 20.12Hp

The diameter of volute is get tangent circle from the geometry of 10 Shaft power 29.98 KW
volute casing.

The volute mean diameter is;

V. CONCLUSION
D1 Centrifugal pump are fluid kinetic machines designed for
D vm = (34) increasing power within a rotating impeller. In centrifugal
8 pumps, the delivery head is depended on the flow rate. This
relationship, are called pump performance, is illustrated by
curves. Characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump value is
getting of theoretical head, slip, shock losses, impeller losses and
volute losses are calculated by varying volume flow rate. The
performance analysis of centrifugal pump is predicted in this
paper.
A centrifugal pump is using a rotating impeller to
increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid. The fluid is
entering the pump impeller along to the rotating axis and is
accelerating by the impeller, flowing radial outwards into a
diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the
downstream piping system. The angle value of inlet and outlet
blade angel degree are large the pump pressure is fall down. The
impeller is very important in pump because that can be change
many performance of a fluid work.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author likes to express her special thanks to Dr. Aye Aye
Thin, Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Figure 5 Volute Friction Losses and Flow Rate Graph
Technological University (Pathein). The author is mentioning all
of her teachers and parents who taught her everything from
The volute losses and flow rate graph are figure 5. When the
childhood until now, and her colleagues for their encouragement,
flow rate is increased, the volute friction loss of head increases.
The volute friction coefficient is decrease for small values of the helpful suggestion, true-line guidance, supervision this paper.
volute flow coefficient.
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Centrifugal pump. Japan. Bachus Company.Tkoyo113.
Table I: calculation Result of single suction centrifugal pump

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International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2019 680
ISSN 2250-3153

[2] Igor, J, Joseph. P,and Charles, C.2001. Pump Hand Book.USA. McGraw- [12] Zoeb Hussain,Mohd.Zulkifly Abdullah, ZanialAlimuddin, Basic Fluid
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