Integral University, Lucknow

Department of Mathematics
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1st year Ist sem

Subject: Real Analysis Subject Code: MT406

(w.e.f. session 2015-2016)
LTP
3 1 0

UNIT-1 8
Countability of Sets, Lebesgue measure on the real line, Length of intervals, Open and closed
sets on real line. Outer and inner Lebesgue measure, Lebesgue measurable sets, Properties of
measurable sets.

UNIT-2 8
Sequence and Series of functions, Pointwise and uniform convergence, Cauchy criterion for
uniform convergence, Weierstrass M test, Abel’s and Dirichlet’s test, for uniform convergence
and differentiation, Uniform convergence and integration.

UNIT-3 8
Weierstrass approximation theorem, The fundamental theorem of integral calculus, Definition
and existence of Reimann Stieltjes integral, Properties and some important theorems on Reimann
Stieltjes integral.

UNIT-4 8
Power series, Uniqueness theorem of power series, Abel’s and Taylor’s theorem,
Rearrangement of terms of series, Riemann’s theorem.

UNIT-5 8
Functions of several variables, linear transformation, Partial derivatives, Total derivative,
Jacobian, Chain rule, interchange of the order of differentiation, higher derivatives, inverse
function theorem, implicit function theorem

Books Recommended:
1. W. Rudin: Principle of Mathematics Analysis
2. D. Somasundram and B. Choudhary: A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, Narosa,
1999.
3. S. C. Malik: Mathematical Analysis, Wiley Eastern, India.
4. Jain, P.K. & Gupta V.P., Lebesgue measure and Integration, Willey Eastern Ltd., New Age
Int. Ltd., New Delhi, (1994).
 Integral University, Lucknow
Department of Mathematics
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1st year Ist sem

Subject: Modern Algebra Subject Code: MT407

(w.e.f. session 2015-2016)
LTP
3 10

UNIT-1 8
Normal subgroups and Quotient groups, Permutation groups, Homomorphisms, Cayley’s
theorem.

UNIT-2 8
Conjugate elements, Class equation, Cauchy theorem, Sylow’s theorems and its Applications.

UNIT-3 8
Quotient of rings, Maximal and prime ideals, Homomorphisms, Polynomial rings.

UNIT-4 8
Integral domain, Divisibility in integral domains, Unique factorization domains, Principal ideal
domains, Euclidean domains, Polynomial rings over UFD.

UNIT-5 8
Fields, Extension of fields, Splitting fields, Algebraic extensions of fields: Irreducible and
reducible polynomials.

Text Books :
1. I. N. Herstein: Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd., (2005).
2. Surjeet Singh and Qazi Zameeruddin: Mordern Algebra, Vikas Publishing House (2006).

Reference Book:
1. Joseph A. Gallian: Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Narosa Publishing House.
 Integral University, Lucknow
Department of Mathematics
st
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1 year Ist sem

Subject: Ordinary Differential Equations Subject Code: MT408

(w.e.f. session 2015-2016)
LTP
3 1 0
UNIT-1 8
Linear differential equations of nth order, fundamental sets of solutions, Wronskian Abel’s
identity, theorem on linear dependence of solutions, adjoint, self adjoint linear operator, Green’s
formula.
UNIT-2 8
Adjoint equations, the nth order non homogeneous linear equations, Variation of parameters,
zeros of solutions, comparison and separation theorems.

UNIT-3 8
Power series, solution of linear differential equations, ordinary and singular points of differential
equations, Classification into regular and irregular singular points, series solution about an
ordinary point and regular singular point.

UNIT-4 8

Existence and uniqueness of solutions: Lipschitz Condition , Successive Approximation,

Picard’s theorem for initial value problem, Homogeneous BVP, Non-Homogeneous BVP , Sturm
Liouville’s problem , Green’s function, non-existence of solutions , Picard’s theorem for BVP.

UNIT-5 8

Stability of Linear system, Stability of Quasi-linear system, Stability of autonomous system,

Stability of non-autonomous system, a particular Lyapunav Function.

Reference Books:

1 .S. G. Deo , V. Ragavendra, Ordinary Differential Equation and Stability Theory, Tata Mc
Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. 1980.

2. G.F.Simmons: Differential Equations, Tata Mac Graw Hill Edition, New Delhi, 1974.

3. E.A.Coddington and N.Levinson: Theory of ordinary differential equations, Mac Graw Hill
Edition, 1955.
 Integral University, Lucknow
Department of Mathematics
st
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1 year Ist sem

Subject: Discrete Mathematics Subject Code: MT409

(w.e.f. session 2015-2016)

LTP
310
Unit -1 8
Mathematical logic: Statements, connectives, Truth tables, Tautologies & Contradictions.
Equivalences & Implications. Normal forms, Quantifier & Predicates.
Lattices: Posets & Lattices, Hasse diagram, Lattices on Algebraic systems, Sub-lattices.

Unit -2 8
Boolean Algebra: Boolean identities, the switching algebra, sub-algebra, Direct product &
homomorphism. Boolean forms & their equivalences. Sum of products & Product of sums form,
Normal form, Canonical form, Boolean expression & Boolean functions-the Karnaugh map
method.

Unit -3 8
Combinatorics: Permutations & combinations, Pigeon hole principle, Recurrence relation,
solution by characteristic roots, Generating function.

Unit -4 8
Graphs: Degree of a vertex, types of graphs, Eulerian & Hamiltonian graphs, Matrix
representation of graphs, Graph colouring.
Trees: Properties, spanning tree, Kruskal’s algorithm, Binary tree, tree reversal.

Unit -5 8
Relation: Properties, matrix & Digraph representation of relation, Paths & connectivity,
composition of relations.
Functions: Classification, types & composition of functions, growth of functions, Recursive
function.

Text Books:

1. Elements of Discrete Mathematics, C.L.Liu, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd,

New Delhi.
2. Discrete Mathematical Structures, Kolman, Busby & Ross, 4e, Prentice Hall of India.
3. Discrete Mathematics with Graph theory, Goodaire & Parmenter, 2e, Pearson.
4. Discrete Mathematical Structures, J.P.Tremblay & R.Manohar, McGraw-Hill Book co.
 Integral University, Lucknow
Department of Mathematics
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1st year Ist sem

Subject: Complex Analysis Subject Code: MT410

(w.e.f. session 2015-16)
LTP
3 10
UNIT-1 8
Analytic functions, Cauchy Riemann equations, Necessary and Sufficient condition, Harmonic
function, velocity potential, Milne’s Thomson Method, Cauchy Integral Theorem, Cauchy’s
Integral Formula.

UNIT-2 8
Power series, uniform convergence of power series, Taylor’s series, zeros of analytic functions,
Laurent’s series, Integration and differentiation of power series, multiplication and division of
power series.
UNIT-3 8
Cauchy Residue theorem, evaluation of the real definite integral: round the unit circle, evaluation
∞
of ∫−∞ 𝑓(𝑧)𝑑𝑧 when 𝑓(𝑧) has no pole on real axis & when pole lies on real axis. Evaluation
of integral involving many valued function, rectangular contours.
UNIT-4 8
Introduction, Conformal transformation, bilinear transformation, Exponential transformation,
trigonometric transformation, special bilinear transformations, Schwarz - Christoffel
transformation.

UNIT-5 8
Weierstrass’s theorem , principle of maximum modulus ,Schwarz’s lemma, Picard’s theorem
Jensen’s inequality, Jensen’s formula , order of an integral function, Hadamard’s three circles
theorem, Three circles theorem as a convexity.

Text/References:
1. J.B.Conway, Functions of One Complex Variable,2nd ed., Narosa, New Delhi.
2. L.V.Alfors,Complex Analysis McGraw-Hill book Company.
3. T.W.Gamelin, Complex Analysis, Springer International Edition, 2001.
4. M.J.Ablowitz and A. S. Fokas ,Complex Variables: Introduction and Applications,
Foundation Books.
5. B.Chaudhary, The Elements of Complex Analysis, Wiley Eastern
6. Shanti Narayan, Theory of Functions of a complex variable, S. Chand & Co.
 Integral University, Lucknow
Department of Mathematics
M.Sc. (Mathematics): 1st year Ist sem
Subject: Statistical Techniques Subject Code: MT411
(w.e.f. session 2015-2016)

LTP
310
UNIT-I 8
Discrete and continuous data, Frequency and non-frequency data, primary and secondary data,
diagrammatic and graphical representation of grouped data, frequency and cumulative frequency
distribution and their applications, histogram, frequency polygon, ogives. Concept of central
tendency and its measures, partition values, dispersion and relative dispersion, moments,
Sheppard’s correction for moments (without derivation), skewness, kurtosis and their measures.

UNIT-II 7
Scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s and spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, coefficient of
determination, correlation ratio, principle of least squares, fitting of linear regression and related
results, partial and multiple correlations of three variables, their measures and related results.

UNIT-III 9
Random experiment, trial, sample point, sample space, definitions of equally likely, mutually
exclusive and exhaustive events, definition of probability, classical, relative frequency and
axiomatic approaches to probability, conditional probability, independence of events, Bayes
theorem and its applications.

UNIT-IV 7
Discrete and continuous random variable, expectation and variance of random variables,
Probability mass/ density function, distribution function, joint density function of two continuous
variables, marginal and conditional probability density functions, uniform, binomial, Poisson,
geometric, negative binomial, hyper geometric and normal distributions.

UNIT-V 9
null and alternative hypotheses, critical region, types of error, level of significance, p-value, size
and power of a test, Z, t, chi-square & F tests, analysis of variance: one way and two way
classifications.
Suggested readings:

1. Spiegel M.R. (1967): Theory and problem of Statistics, Schaum's Publishing Series.
2. Goon A.M., Gupta M.K. and Das Gupta B. (1991): Fundamental of Statistics, Vol. I,
World Press, Calcutta.
3. Meyer P.L. (1970): Introductory Probability and Statistical Applications, Addision
Wesley.
4. Hogg R.V. and Craig A.T. (1972): Introduction to mathematical Statistics, Amerind
Publishing Co.
5. Rohtagi, V.K. (1967): An Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Wiley Series in
Probability and Statistics.