ASSISTANTSHIP 07: TORSION

Professor: Dr. Sergio Palma

Professor assistants: Catalina Orellana - Francisco González

Problems

1. The 60-mm-diameter shaft is made of 6061-T6 aluminum having an allowable shear stress
of 𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 80 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Determine the maximum allowable torque T. Also, find the
corresponding angle of twist of disk A relative to disk C.

Answer:
Internal Loading: The internal torques developed in segments AB and BC of the shaft are shown
in Figs. a and b, respectively.

Allowable Shear Stress: Segment AB is critical since it is subjected to a greater internal torque.
𝜋
The polar moment of inertia of the shaft is 𝐽 = 2 (0.034 ) = 0.405(10−6 )𝜋𝑚4 . We have:

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 1
 𝑇𝐴𝐵 𝑐
𝜏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 =
𝐽
2
(3 𝑇) (0.03)
80(106 ) =
0.405(10−6 )𝜋
𝑇 = 5089.38 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 = 5.09 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚

Angle of Twist: The internal torques developed in segments AB and BC of the shaft are
2 1
𝑇𝐴𝐵 = 3 (5089.38) = 3392.92 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚 and 𝑇𝐵𝐶 = − 3 (5089.38) = −1696.46 𝑁 ∙ 𝑚. We have:

𝑇𝑖 𝐿𝑖
𝜙𝐴/𝐶 = ∑
𝐽𝑖 𝐺𝑖
𝑇𝐴𝐵 𝐿𝐴𝐵 𝑇𝐵𝐶 𝐿𝐵𝐶
𝜙𝐴/𝐶 = +
𝐽𝐺𝑎𝑙 𝐽𝐺𝑎𝑙
3392.92(1.20) −1696.46(1.20)
𝜙𝐴/𝐶 = +
0.405(10 )𝜋(26)(10 ) 0.405(10−6 )𝜋(26)(109 )
−6 9

180
𝜙𝐴/𝐶 = 0.06154 𝑟𝑎𝑑 ∙ = 3.53°
𝜋

2. The tapered shaft is confined by the fixed supports at A and B. If a torque T is applied at its
mid-point, determine the reactions at the supports.

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 2
Answer:

Equilibrium:
𝑇𝐴 + 𝑇𝐵 − 𝑇 = 0
Section Properties:
𝑐 𝑐
𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑐 + 𝑥 = (𝐿 + 𝑥)
𝐿 𝐿
𝜋 𝑐 4 𝜋𝑐 4
𝐽(𝑥) = [ (𝐿 + 𝑥)] = 4 (𝐿 + 𝑥)4
2 𝐿 2𝐿
Angle of Twist:
𝑇 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝑇 = ∫
𝐽(𝑥)𝐺
𝐿
𝑇 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝑇 = ∫
𝐿 𝜋𝑐 4
2 (𝐿 + 𝑥)4 𝐺
2𝐿4
2𝑇𝐿4 𝐿 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝑇 = ∫
𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺 𝐿 (𝐿 + 𝑥)4
2

𝐿
2𝑇𝐿4 1 |
𝜙𝑇 = − 4 [ 3 ]𝐿
3𝜋𝑐 𝐺 (𝐿 + 𝑥)
2
37𝑇𝐿
𝜙𝑇 =
324𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺
Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales
MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 3
 𝑇 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝐵 = ∫
𝐽(𝑥)𝐺
𝐿
𝑇𝐵 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝐵 = ∫
𝜋𝑐 4
0 (𝐿 + 𝑥)4 𝐺
2𝐿4
2𝑇𝐵 𝐿4 𝐿 𝑑𝑥
𝜙𝐵 = ∫
𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺 0 (𝐿 + 𝑥)4

2𝑇𝐵 𝐿4 1 𝐿
𝜙𝐵 = − [ ] |
3𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺 (𝐿 + 𝑥)3
0
7𝑇𝐵 𝐿
𝜙𝐵 =
12𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺
Compatibility:
0 = 𝜙 𝑇 − 𝜙𝐵
37𝑇𝐿 7𝑇𝐵 𝐿
0= −
324𝜋𝑐 𝐺 12𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺
4

37
𝑇𝐵 = 𝑇
189
Substituting the result into Eq. [1] yields:
152
𝑇𝐴 = 𝑇
189

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 4
 3. Using 𝜏𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 and knowing that 𝐺 = 39 𝐺𝑃𝑎, determine form each of the cold
rolled yellow brass bars shown the largest torque 𝑇 that can be applied and the corresponding
angle of twist at end B.

35 mm

50 mm 50 mm

70 mm
400 mm

Tabla 1: Coeficientes para barras rectangulares en torsión.

Answer:
𝜏𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ; 𝐿 = 0,4 𝑚

𝑎
a. 𝑎 = 50 𝑚𝑚; 𝑏 = 50 𝑚𝑚 → 𝑏
= 1.0

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MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 5
From Tabla 1 :
𝑐1 = 0.208 ; 𝑐2 = 0.1406
𝑇
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = → 𝑇 = 𝑐1 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 2 ∙ 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑐1 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 2

𝑇 = 0.208 ∙ 0.05 ∙ 0.052 ∙ (50 ∙ 106 ) = 1300 [𝑁 ∙ 𝑚]

𝑇∙𝐿 1300 ∙ 0.4
𝜙= =
𝑐2 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝐺 0.1406 ∙ 0.05 ∙ 0.053 ∙ (39 ∙ 109 )
3

𝜙 = 0.015173 [𝑟𝑎𝑑] = 0.87°

𝑎
b. 𝑎 = 70 𝑚𝑚; 𝑏 = 35𝑚𝑚; 𝑏
= 2.0

From Tabla 1:
𝑐1 = 0.246; 𝑐2 = 0.229
𝑇
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = → 𝑇 = 𝑐1 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 2 ∙ 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑐1 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 2
𝑇 = 0.246 ∙ 0.07 ∙ 0.0352 ∙ (50 ∙ 106 ) = 1055 [𝑁 ∙ 𝑚]
𝑇∙𝐿 1055 ∙ 0.4
𝜙= =
𝑐2 ∙ 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝐺 0.229 ∙ 0.07 ∙ 0.0353 ∙ (39 ∙ 109 )
3

𝜙 = 0.01574 [𝑟𝑎𝑑] = 0.902°

4. A torque 𝑇 applied to a solid rod made of an elastoplastic material is increased until the rod
is fully plastic and then removed.
a. Show that the distribution of residual shearing stresses is as represented in the figure.
b. Determine the magnitude of the torque due to the stresses acting on the portion of the rod
located within a circle of radius 𝑐0 .

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 6
Answer:

a.
After loading:
4 4 𝜋 2
𝜌𝑟 = 0; 𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = ∙ 𝜏𝑦 = ∙ ∙ 𝑐 3 ∙ 𝜏𝑦 = ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑐 3 ∙ 𝜏𝑦
3 3 2 3

Unloading:
𝑇∙𝑐 2∙𝑇 2 ∙ 𝑇𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 4
𝜏´ = = 3
= = ∙ 𝜏𝑦 𝑎𝑡 𝜌 = 𝑐
𝐽 𝜋∙𝑐 𝜋 ∙ 𝑐3 3
4 𝜌
𝜏´ = ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙
3 𝑐
Residual:
4 𝜌 4∙𝜌
𝜏𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 𝜏𝑦 − ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙ = 𝜏𝑦 (1 − )
3 𝑐 3∙𝑐

To find 𝑐0 set: 𝜏𝑟𝑒𝑠 = 0 and 𝜌 = 𝑐0

4 𝑐0 3
0=1− ∙ → 𝑐0 = ∙𝑐
3 𝑐 4

b.
𝑐0
𝑇 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝜌2 ∙ 𝜏 𝑑𝜌
0

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 7
 3
∙𝑐
4 4 𝜌
𝑇 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝜌2 ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙ (1 − ∙ ) 𝑑𝜌
0 3 𝑐
3
𝑐
𝜌3 4 𝜌4 4
𝑇 = 2𝜋 ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙ ( − ∙ )
3 3 4∙𝑐 0

33 34
4
𝑇 = 2𝜋 ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙ 𝑐 3 (4 − ∙ 4 )
3 3 4

𝑇 = 0.2209 ∙ 𝜏𝑦 ∙ 𝑐 3

Proposed problems

5. The rod ABC of radius c is embedded into a medium where the distributed torque reaction
varies linearly from zero at C to 𝑡0 at B. If couple forces P are applied to the lever arm,
determine the value of 𝑡0 for equilibrium. Also, find the angle of twist of end A. The rod is
made from material having a shear modulus of G.

Answer:
4𝑃𝑑
𝑡0 =
𝐿
4𝑃𝐿𝑑
𝜙=
3𝜋𝑐 4 𝐺

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 8
 6. If the shaft is subjected to a uniform distributed torque of 𝑡 = 20 𝑘𝑁 ∙ 𝑚/𝑚, determine the
maximum shear stress developed in the shaft. The shaft is made of 2014-T6 aluminum alloy
and is fixed at A and C.

Answer:
(𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 )𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 93.1 𝑀𝑃𝑎

7. Using the stress-strain diagram shown, determine:

a. The torque that causes a maximum shearing stress of 105 MPa in a 20 mm diameter solid rod
b. The corresponding angle of twist in a 0.6 m length of the rod.
Hint: Consider I=22,6 MPa

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 9
Answer:
a.
𝑇 = 142 [𝑁 ∙ 𝑚]
b.
Φ = 27.5°

8. A solid aluminum rod of 40 mm diameter is subjected to a torque wich produces in the rod a
maximum shearing strain of 0.008. The stress-strain diagram can be approximated by the
relation:

𝜏 = 27.8 ∙ 109 𝛾 − 1.39 ∙ 1012 𝛾 2

a. Building the stress-strain diagram
b. Determine the magnitude of the torque applied to the rod
c. Determine the angle of twist un a 750 mm length of the rod
Hint: consider the following equations:
𝜌∙Φ
𝛾=
𝐿
𝑐
𝑇 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝜌2 ∙ 𝜏 𝑑𝜌
0

Answer:
a.

Diagrama Esfuerzo-Deformación
160
140
120
100
80
t [MPa]

60
40
20
0
0 0,002 0,004 0,006 0,008 0,01 0,012
ƴ

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 10
 b.
𝑇 = 1900[𝑁 ∙ 𝑚]
c.
Φ = 17,19 °

Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y de Materiales

MIN240 – Mechanics of Materials
First Semester, 2020 Page 11