Assignment No.

Submitted To
Dr. Azmat Ullah

Submitted By
MKashif

Subject
Pak Study

Roll No
17081

Semester
2TH

G.C.U.F
Foundation of all India Muslim league and its struggle for
Pakistan:-

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND

HINDUSTAN CONSPIRACY STOGHOLD:-

When there is majority of betrayers in a nation then the presence of

enemy forces is not needed for the destruction of that nation, that nation
dies itself. The biggest bad luck of Muslim rulers was that their beloved
people were involved in conspiracy and give harm or destroy Muslim
emperors like MIR JAFAR, betrayed SIRAJ-UD-DAULA, MIR SADIQ,
MIR QASIM, BADAR-UL-ZAMAN, PORNIA, MIR GHULAM ALI
LANGRA etc betrayed TIPU SULTAN at different occasions. Hindu,
Marathas and Britishers were also involved in conspiracy against
Muslims because Muslims were the ruler of sub-continent at that time.

DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE (MUSLIMS):-

The Mughal Empire which had reached its zenith during the rule of
Akbar, Shah Jahan and his son, began to decline after the rule of
Aurangzeb. In fact, the decline began during the last days of Aurangzeb.
There were many causes for the downfall of the great dynasty. Let us
view the causes that hastened the fall of the Mughal Empire after
Aurangzeb.

Weak successor, over comfort, no definite law of succession, poor

economy, moral degradation of soldiers, rise of new powers, coming of
Europeans, foreign invasions etc.

WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857 (MUTINY):-

The year 1857 bought decline to Muslim rule in sub-continent. Muslim

and Hindus participated in a war of independence but the British held
only Muslims responsible for the rebellion because the clever Hindus
becoming closer to British and declared Muslim responsible of this war.
The Muslims were persecuted ruthlessly and left at the mercy of time.
The Muslims found themselves helpless and needed someone to raise
voice for the Muslims.

ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

THE SIMLA DEPUTAION:-

Thirty five top ranking Muslim leaders taken from all parts of the sub-
continent called on the then Viceroy Lord Minto at Simla on oct 1, 1906.
Important Muslim demands presented to the Viceroy included reserved
quota of seats for the Muslims in all representative bodies and separate
electorate: the Viceroy expressed sympathy with the Muslim demands
and promised to take them up with the British government, the Muslim
leaders were greatly encouraged by the Viceroy’s response.

FOUNDATION OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

A session of the all India Muhammadan Educational Conference was

held under the chairman ship of Nawab Viqar-ul-mulk at Dacca.
Resolution of the establishment of all India Muslim League was moved
in this meeting by Nawab Salim ullah khan and was seconded by
Maulana Zafar Ali khan, Hakeem Ajmal khan and Maulana Muhammad
Ali Johar. Sir Agha khan was made the first president.

CAUSES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM

LEAGUE:-

ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH SYSTEM GOVERNMENT:

The system introduced after the establishment of British Government in

1858, was democratic in nature which means majority is authority. The
system was not suitable for Muslims because they were smaller in
number than Hindus in Indian population. The British had already
crippled the Muslims economically, if a system based on the majority
rule, pure and simple, were established the Muslims were surely going to
lose. Hence this system was one of the main cause of creation of Muslim
League.
HINDU EXTREMISM AND URDU-HINDI CONTROVERSY:

In 1867, the Hindus of Banaras (specially) started a movement and

demanded replacement of Urdu by Hindi as official language. During the
same period Hindu extremists started programs like ARYA SAMAJ with
a purpose to reconvert the Muslims into Hindu religion etc. so these were
also the cause in creation of Muslim League.

COMMUNALISM:-

The Hindu proved prejudiced against the Muslims. The extremist

organization like SANGHATAN, SHUDHI, ARYA SMAJ and HINDU
MAHASABA endangered the life of Muslims. The Muslims were scared
of all their activities and they decide to form all India Muslim League.

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS:

In 1885, a retired British officer A. O. Hume established the Indian

national congress. Hindus welcomed it and joined it in great number. Its
objective was to serve all people of India but later they serve only
Hindus. This was another cause in creation of Muslim League.

POLITICAL REFORMS:-

The liberal party won the election in England and announce the
implementation of certain political reforms. The chances of the
reformation of political institution provided an opportunity for the
Muslims to form a political party to protect their representation.

ROLE OF SIR SAYYID AHMAD KHAN (R.A):

Sir Sayyid (R.A) played an important role in serving the Muslims of

India.
Demand for separate electorate:-
Sir sayyid (R.A) believed that the British system of elections, pure and
simple, did not suit the Indian conditions, because this will reduce the
Muslims to a position of permanent slavery and subservience to the
majority community. He proposed the system of separate electorate as an
alternative. This system obviously could not be made useful unless the
Muslims had a political party of their own.

The Aligarh movement:-

Sir sayyid starts the Aligarh movement whose objectives can be

summed up into given points:
 To bring about conciliation among the Muslims and British.
 To spread education among Muslims make the Muslim familiar with British
culture, way of life and English language.
 To make Muslims loyal of British Government.
 To develop friendly relation between Muslims and other Indian nations.

Major steps for achievement of objectives of movement:

It includes establishment of schools, colleges, political services,

Muhammadan Educational Conference etc. He wrote many magazines
and books like ASBAB-E-BAGHAWAT-E-HIND, LOYAL
MUHAMMADANS OF INDIA etc.
PARTITION OF BENGAL AND CONGRESS ATITUDE:-

The partition of Bengal by the British Government in 1905 greatly

embittered the relations between Hindus and Muslims. The partition
ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslim but the Hindus
reacted towards the partitions of Bengal in a hostile and violent manner.
This made it clear that the Hindus were not willing to give Muslims their
due share. The Muslims were greatly disappointed when they saw that
the congress, notwithstanding all its claims of neutrality, was supporting
the Hindu extremists openly. It was the biggest cause of creation of
Muslim League.
Change of Government in Britain:-

Liberal party returned to power in the 1905 elections held in Britain. The
party gave a program of a political reforms meant for India. The Muslim
Leaders discussed the situation and decided to make a common cause for
taking up the demands of the Muslims community with the government.

OBJECTIVES OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

The aims and objectives of Muslim league were

 To safe guard and protect Muslims interest and to convey their demands to
British Government.
 To create a feeling of respect and good will in Muslim for the British
Government.
 To promote brotherhood between the different nations of India.

CHANGE IN OBJECTIVES:-

In March 1913 changes in the objectives of the All India Muslim League
were made on Quaid-e-Azam’s (R.A) initiative.

“policy of unconditional subservience was forsaken in the favor of self-

government suitable for Indian condition”. This proved to be turning
point in the history of the Muslims of India.

Khilafat Movement:-

The world war 1 broke out in 1914. UK, USA, FRANCE, RUSSIA and
ITALY were allied against GERMANY, AUSTRIA and TURKEY.
Turkey was the center of Islamic world in those days. Turkey was a very
large country but it was on decline. The boundaries of Turkey be
partitioned after the war and Turkey would lose the sovereign status.
HEJJAT-E-MUQQADAS was in Turkish domain. In case of defeat of
turkey both of the sacred cities. MAKKAH and MADINAH would go in
the position of Christion allied. Movement in 1919 called the khilafat
movement.
LEADER OF MOVEMENT:-

Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar, Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Zafar Ali
khan, Hakeem Ajmal khan, Dr.Ansari, Maulana Hasrat Mohani, and
Maulana Abdul kalam Azad were the main leader. They set internal
affairs and concentrated on the main issue of Khilafat. They established a
Khilafat committee and organized MAJLIS-KHANA KAABA. A number
of public meeting were also arrangedin England and in other some
western countruies. Khilafat movement was acknowledge as the biggest
of all the movement in the sub -continent.

OBJECTIVE OF MOVEMENT:-

The movement was a multiple purpose, one it organized and assemble the
Muslims of Sub-Continent on one platform.

 To keep the instruction of Khilafat intact and khilafat to carry out the
business of Government as usual.

 Restoration of Turkey’s grace as it possessed before during world war 1

and no change to occur in the boundaries of Turkey.

 The sanctity of MAKKAH and MADINAH should be maintained and non-

Muslims force should not be allowed to enter in these two cities.
ACTIVITIES OF MOVEMENT:-

 Delegation were send to UK and other European countries to convey the

feelings of Muslims to Government.

Doctor, nurse and medicines were dispatch to Turkey for

treatment of Turkey to Turkish wounded soldiers.

 To give the financial aid a large amount of money, silver and gold were
collected.

 Large procession were protest meeting were hold and strikes was deserved
in all big and small cities in the sub-continent.

 The role of Muslim Journalism was tremendous. Zamindar of Zafar Ali

 khan, Al Hilal Azad and Humdard of Johar played viral role In the
movement.

EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF INDIAN MUSLIM LEAGUE:-

Some main points about evolution and role of ALL INDIA MUSLIM
LEAGUE are given below:

 Establishment, 1906.

 London Branch establishment, 1908.

 Minto-Morley reform act: 1909.

 Quid-e-Azam join Muslim League in 1913.

 Demand of self-Government; 1913.

 Lucknow pact; 1916.

 Delhi proposal and Simon commission; 1927.

 Jinnah fourteen points; 1929.

 Iqbal’s Allahabad address; 1930.

 Reorganization of Muslim league; 1935.

 Muslim league very poor performance in elections; 1935-36.

 Mass movement against Congress + start of Muslim league popular

movement; 1937-39.

 Pakistan (Lahore) resolution; 1940.

 Mohan Das Ghandi Jinnah talks; 1944.

 Simla conference; 1945.

 Success in general elections; 1945-46.

 Direct action day; 16 August 1946.

  Delhi convention; 1946.

 Indian independence act; 3 July 1947.

 14 august 1947 Pakistan independence day, Etc.

CONCLUSION:-

Muslim league thus got its object and Pakistan was created on 14 August
1947. In short we can say that the creation of Pakistan is the result of the
ceaseless efforts of the Muslim League and the great heroes which
dedicated their lives for the creation of Pakistan. If there were be no
Muslim League the fate of the Muslims of the sub-continent could not be
changed.

Quid-e-Azam was the first Governor General of Pakistan. The country

first accepted Pakistan is Iran and the flag of Pakistan is first flying in
France. The first prime minister of Pakistan was Liaqat Ali khan and the
first president of Pakistan was Iskandar Mirza.