Scribd
Upload
184 views10 pages

Cells Are The Basic Unit of Life. The Cell Theory States That

1) The Cell Theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells carry out basic functions of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. 2) Cells have a plasma membrane that controls what enters and exits, cytoplasm containing organelles that carry out functions, and a nucleus that contains genetic material. 3) Key organelles include mitochondria that generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum that transports materials, and chloroplasts in plant cells that perform photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

Bobby Arguilles Pabores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
184 views10 pages

Cells Are The Basic Unit of Life. The Cell Theory States That

1) The Cell Theory states that all living things are made of one or more cells, cells carry out basic functions of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells. 2) Cells have a plasma membrane that controls what enters and exits, cytoplasm containing organelles that carry out functions, and a nucleus that contains genetic material. 3) Key organelles include mitochondria that generate energy, the endoplasmic reticulum that transports materials, and chloroplasts in plant cells that perform photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

Bobby Arguilles Pabores
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

CELL THEORY

Cells are the basic unit of life. 


The Cell Theory states that:
1) All organisms are made up of
one or more cells and the products
of  those cells.
2) All cells carry out life activities
( require energy, grow, have a
limited size).
3) New cells arise only from other
living cells by the process of cell
division.
4)
3 COMPONENTS CELL ARE:
1. PLASMA MEMBRANE/ CELL
MEMBRANE
Structure- a bilipid membraneous
layer composed of proteins and
carbohydrates.  It is fluid like.
Function - the cell membrane
separates the cell from its external
environment, and is selectively
permeable (controls what gets in
and out).  It protects the cell and
provides stability. Proteins are
found embedded within the plasma
membrane, with some extending
all the way through in order to
transport materials.
Carbohydrates are attached to
proteins and lipids on the outer
lipid layer.
2. CYTOPLASM
Structure - The jelly-like substance
composed of mainly water and
found between the cell membrane
and nucleus.  The cytoplasm
makes up most of the "body" of a
cell and is constantly streaming.
Function - Organelles are found
here and substances like salts
may be dissolved in the cytoplasm.
3. NUCLEUS
Structure - The largest organelle in
the cell. It is dark and round, and is
surrounded by a double
membrane called the nuclear
envelope/membrane.  In spots
the nuclear envelope fuses to form
pores which are selectively
permeable.  The nucleus contains
genetic information (DNA) on
special strands
called chromosomes. 
Function - The nucleus is the
"control center" of the cell, for cell
metabolism and reproduction.
ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS.
1. "ER" OR ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
The Endoplasmic Reticulum is a
network of membranous canals
filled with fluid.  They carry
materials throughout the cell.  The
ER is the "transport system" of the
cell.
There are two types of ER: rough
ER and smooth ER.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum is
lined with ribosomes and is rough
in appearance and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum contains no
ribosomes and is smooth in
appearance.
 
2. RIBOSOMES
Ribosomes are small particles
which are found individually in the
cytoplasm and also line the
membranes of the rough
endoplasmic reticulum. 
Ribosomes produce protein.  They
could be thought of as "factories" 
in the cell.
3. GOLGI BODY / APPARATUS
Golgi bodies are stacks of
flattened membranous stacks
(they look like pancakes!).  The
Golgi Body temporarily stores
protein which can then leave the
cell via vesiciles pinching off from
the Golgi.
4. LYSOSOMES
Lysosomes are small sac-like
structures surrounded by a single
membrane and containing strong
digestive enzymes which when
released can break down worn out
organelles or food.  The lysosome
is also known as a suicide sac.
5. MITOCHONDRIA
The mitochondria are round "tube-
like" organelles that are
surrounded by a double
membrane, with the inner
membrane being highly folded. 
the mitochondria are often referred
to as the "powerhouse" of the cell. 
the mitochondria releases food
energy from food molecules to be
used by the cell.  This process is
called respiration.  Some
cells( muscle cells)  require more
energy than other cells and so
would have many more
mitochondria.
 
6. VACUOLES
Vacuoles are fluid filled organelles
enclosed by a membrane.  They
can store materials such as food,
water, sugar, minerals and waste
products.
ANIMAL CELLS ORGANELLES
NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS:
CILIA AND FLAGELLA
Both cilia and flagella are hair-like
organelles which extend from the
surface of many animal cells.  the
structure is identical in both,
except that flagella are longer and
whiplike and cilia are shorter. 
There are usually only a few
flagella on a cell, while cilia may
cover the entire surface of a cell.
The function of cilia and flagella
ionclude locomotion for one-celled
organisms and to move
substances over cell surfaces in
multi-celled organisms.
Centrioles
Every animal-like cell has two
small organelles called centrioles.
They are there to help the cell
when it comes time to divide. They
are put to work in both the process
of mitosis and the process
of meiosis. When two centrioles
are found next to each other, they
are usually at right angles. The
centrioles are found in pairs and
move towards the poles (opposite
ends) of the nucleus when it is
time for cell division. 
ORGANELLES AND OTHER
FEATURES FOUND ONLY IN
PLANT CELLS:
1. CELL WALL
The cell wall is a rigid organelle
composed of cellulose and lying
just outside the cell membrane. 
The cell wall gives the plant cell it's
box-like shape.  it also protects the
cell.  The cell wall contains pores
which allow materials to pass to
and from the cell membrane.
2. PLASTIDS
Plastids are double membrane
bound organelles.  It is in plastids
that plants make and store food.
Plastids are found in the cytoplasm
and there are two main types:
   Leucoplasts - colorless
organelles which store starch or
other plant nutrients.  ( example -
starch stored in a potato)
    Chromoplasts - contain
different colored pigments. The
most important type of
chromoplast is the chloroplast,
which contains the green
pigment chlorophyll.  This is
important in the process of
photosynthesis.
 
3. CENTRAL VACUOLE
The central vacuole is a large fluid-
filled vacuole found in plants.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy